上回我们讲到了所有图片的URL的获取——Python之Instagram图片爬虫（二），这回将要将从真实的链接上下载图片。

下载图片

首先先保存了所有的URL集合到txt中，作为后期爬取的基础数据来源。

URL集合

代码

就直接上完整代码了，这次的关键在于请求的header的设置，所以我们采用了session来请求。具体的步骤就是：

• 请求用户页面，获取session，里面保存着cookies
• 使用session请求真实的图片URL
• 请求过程中sleep 1到2秒，并且请求量超过20-50就更换session
• 判断状态码，不是200就更换session

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""
 @File       : spider.py
 @Time       : 2017/8/12 0012 21:22
 @Author     : Empty Chan
 @Contact    : chen19941018@gmail.com
 @Description:
"""
import re
import json
import os
from lxml import etree
import requests
import click
from urllib import parse
import time
import random
from hashlib import md5
import urllib.request
from http import cookiejar
import urllib.response


PAT = re.compile(r'queryId:"(\d*)?"', re.MULTILINE)
headers = {
    "Origin": "https://www.instagram.com/",
    "Referer": "https://www.instagram.com/",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.113 Safari/537.36",
    "Host": "www.instagram.com",
    "accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8",
    "accept-encoding": "gzip, deflate, sdch, br",
    "accept-language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8",
    "X-Instragram-AJAX": "1",
    "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest",
    "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1",
}

jso = {"id": "", "first": 12, "after": ""}

BASE_URL = "https://www.instagram.com"

# QUERY = "/morisakitomomi/"  # 森咲智美
# QUERY = "/_8_jjini/"
NEXT_URL = 'https://www.instagram.com/graphql/query/?query_hash={0}&variables={1}'

with open('./config.json', 'r') as f:
    proxy = json.load(f)
    click.echo(proxy)


def crawl(query):
    if not query:
        raise Exception('请输入正确的Instagram用户')
    folder = query.replace('.', '-')
    click.echo('start...')
    top_url = None
    in_top_url_flag = False
    qq = requests.session()
    try:
        if not os.path.exists('./images/%s' % folder):
            os.mkdir('./images/%s' % folder)

        all_imgs_url = []
        new_imgs_url = []
        if os.path.exists('./images/%s/%s.txt' % (folder, folder)):
            with open('./images/%s/%s.txt' % (folder, folder), mode='r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                for line in f.readlines():
                    if line.strip():
                        all_imgs_url.append(line)
            top_url = all_imgs_url[0][:-1]
        temp_url = BASE_URL + '/' + query + '/'
        headers.update({'Referer': temp_url})
        res = qq.get(temp_url, headers=headers, proxies=proxy)
        html = etree.HTML(res.content.decode())
        all_a_tags = html.xpath('//script[@type="text/javascript"]/text()')  # 图片数据源
        query_id_url = html.xpath('//script[@type="text/javascript"]/@src')  # query_id 作为内容加载
        click.echo(query_id_url)
        for a_tag in all_a_tags:
            if a_tag.strip().startswith('window'):
                data = a_tag.split('= {')[1][:-1]  # 获取json数据块
                js_data = json.loads('{' + data, encoding='utf-8')
                id = js_data["entry_data"]["ProfilePage"][0]["graphql"]["user"]["id"]
                edges = js_data["entry_data"]["ProfilePage"][0]["graphql"]["user"]["edge_owner_to_timeline_media"]["edges"]
                print(edges)
                end_cursor = js_data["entry_data"]["ProfilePage"][0]["graphql"]["user"]["edge_owner_to_timeline_media"]["page_info"]["end_cursor"]
                has_next = js_data["entry_data"]["ProfilePage"][0]["graphql"]["user"]["edge_owner_to_timeline_media"]["page_info"]["has_next_page"]
                for edge in edges:
                    if top_url and top_url == edge["node"]["display_url"]:
                        in_top_url_flag = True
                        break
                    click.echo(edge["node"]["display_url"])
                    new_imgs_url.append(edge["node"]["display_url"])
                    # click.echo(qq.get(node["display_src"], proxies=proxy).status_code)

                if in_top_url_flag:
                    break
                # 请求query_id
                print(BASE_URL + query_id_url[1])
                query_content = qq.get(BASE_URL + query_id_url[1], proxies=proxy)
                query_id_list = PAT.findall(query_content.text)
                print(query_id_list)
                for u in query_id_list:
                    click.echo(u)
                # query_hash = query_id_list[1]
                # 暂时不确定3个query_hash具体用哪个,目前看网页的情况是固定的
                query_hash = "472f257a40c653c64c666ce877d59d2b"
                retry = 0
                # 更多的图片加载
                while has_next and retry < 3 and not in_top_url_flag:
                    jso["id"] = id
                    jso["first"] = 12
                    jso["after"] = end_cursor
                    text = json.dumps(jso)
                    # for query_hash in query_id_list:
                    url = NEXT_URL.format(query_hash, parse.quote(text))
                    print(url)
                    res = qq.get(url, proxies=proxy)
                    time.sleep(2)
                    html = json.loads(res.content.decode(), encoding='utf-8')
                    if '<' in html:  # 出现HTML tag
                        continue
                    if 'data' not in html:  # data不再json数据中，可能是网络请求引发，进行重试请求
                        retry += 1
                        continue
                    has_next = html["data"]["user"]["edge_owner_to_timeline_media"]["page_info"]["has_next_page"]
                    end_cursor = html["data"]["user"]["edge_owner_to_timeline_media"]["page_info"]["end_cursor"]
                    edges = html["data"]["user"]["edge_owner_to_timeline_media"]["edges"]
                    for edge in edges:
                        if top_url and top_url == edge["node"]["display_url"]:
                            in_top_url_flag = True
                            break
                        click.echo(edge["node"]["display_url"])
                        new_imgs_url.append(edge["node"]["display_url"])
                click.echo('ok')
                # qq.close()
        if new_imgs_url:
            all_urls = new_imgs_url + all_imgs_url
            with open('./images/%s/%s.txt' % (folder, folder), mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                    for u in all_urls:
                        f.write(u + '\n')
        # t = threading.Thread(target=translate, args=(top_url, new_imgs_url, all_imgs_url, query))
        # t.setDaemon(True)
        # t.start()
        # t.join()
        translate(top_url, new_imgs_url, all_imgs_url, query)
    except Exception as e:
        raise e
    finally:
        qq.close()


def translate(top_url, news_imgs_url, all_imgs_url, path):
    if news_imgs_url:
        click.echo('enter news')
        download(path, news_imgs_url)
    if top_url:
        # file_md5 = md5()
        # file_md5.update(top_url.encode('utf-8'))
        # file_name = file_md5.hexdigest()
        # if os.path.exists('./images/%s/%s.jpg' % (path, file_name)):
        #     return
        # else:
        click.echo('enter all')
        download(path, all_imgs_url)


def download(path, urls):
    ss = requests.session()
    temp_url = BASE_URL + '/' + path + '/'
    folder = path.replace('.', '-')
    header = {
        "Referer": temp_url,
        "Origin": "https://www.instagram.com/",
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) "
                      "Chrome/60.0.3112.113 Safari/537.36",
        'Connection': 'keep-alive'
    }
    pp = ss.get(temp_url, headers=header, proxies=proxy)
    click.echo(pp.cookies.items())
    click.echo(pp.headers)
    try:
        count = 0
        all_count = len(urls)
        while count < all_count:
            url = urls[count]
            if '\n' in url:
                url = urls[count][:-1]  # 去掉\n结尾
            file_md5 = md5()
            file_md5.update(url.encode('utf-8'))
            file_name = file_md5.hexdigest()
            if os.path.exists('./images/%s/%s.jpg' % (folder, file_name)):
                count += 1
                continue
            time.sleep(2)
            res = ss.get(url, proxies=proxy)  # 默认沿用请求首页的cookies
            click.echo(url + '=>' + str(res.status_code))
            click.echo(res.headers)
            if res.status_code == 200:
                with open('./images/%s/%s.jpg' % (folder, file_name), mode='wb') as f:
                    f.write(res.content)
                    click.echo('%s.jpg save!' % file_name)
                    count += 1
            else:
                ss.close()
                ss = requests.session()
                pp = ss.get(temp_url, headers=header, proxies=proxy)
                click.echo(pp.cookies.items())
                click.echo(pp.headers)
            if count % 100 == random.randrange(20, 50):  # 请求超过20-50次，就重置一下session，防止被远程服务器关闭
                ss.close()
                ss = requests.session()
                pp = ss.get(temp_url, headers=header, proxies=proxy)
                click.echo(pp.cookies.items())
                click.echo(pp.headers)
        click.echo('complete!')
    except Exception as e:
        raise e
    finally:
        ss.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    input_instagram = click.prompt("请输入Instagram用户", None)  # 如 "/_8_jjini/"  等用户
    crawl(input_instagram)

这周的文字不多，就是代码比较多，大家可以尝试书写一下代码，哈哈！相信大家都能理解代码的！欢迎点赞和评论！下周再见！
源代码Github