用户资源的定义

资源类之user用户

    user：
                    Manage users.
                    
                    属性：
                        name：用户名；
                        uid: UID;
                        gid：基本组ID；
                        groups：附加组，不能包含基本组；
                        comment：注释； 
                        expiry：过期时间 ；
                        home：家目录； 
                        shell：默认shell类型；
                        system：是否为系统用户 ；
                        ensure：present/absent；
                        password：加密后的密码串； 
                
                关系元参数：before/require
                    A before B: B依赖于A，定义在A资源中；
                        {
                            ...
                            before  => Type['B'],
                            ...
                        }
                    B require A： B依赖于A，定义在B资源中；
                        {
                            ...
                            require => Type['A'],
                            ...
                        }
                        
[root@centos7 ~]# puppet describe user    查看用户资源的相关属性

user
====
Manage users.  This type is mostly built to manage system
users, so it is lacking some features useful for managing normal
users.
This resource type uses the prescribed native tools for creating
groups and generally uses POSIX APIs for retrieving information
about them.  It does not directly modify `/etc/passwd` or anything.
**Autorequires:** If Puppet is managing the user's primary group (as
provided in the `gid` attribute), the user resource will autorequire
that group. If Puppet is managing any role accounts corresponding to the
user's roles, the user resource will autorequire those role accounts.


Parameters
----------

- **allowdupe**
    Whether to allow duplicate UIDs. Defaults to `false`.
    Valid values are `true`, `false`, `yes`, `no`. 

- **attribute_membership**
    Whether specified attribute value pairs should be treated as the
    **complete list** (`inclusive`) or the **minimum list** (`minimum`) of
    attribute/value pairs for the user. Defaults to `minimum`.
    Valid values are `inclusive`, `minimum`. 

- **attributes**
    Specify AIX attributes for the user in an array of attribute = value
    pairs.
Requires features manages_aix_lam.

- **auth_membership**
    Whether specified auths should be considered the **complete list**
    (`inclusive`) or the **minimum list** (`minimum`) of auths the user
    has. Defaults to `minimum`.
Valid values are `inclusive`, `minimum`. 

- **auths**
    The auths the user has.  Multiple auths should be
    specified as an array.
Requires features manages_solaris_rbac.

- **comment**
    A description of the user.  Generally the user's full name.

- **ensure**
    The basic state that the object should be in.
    Valid values are `present`（存在）, `absent`（不存在）, `role`.（角色）   

- **expiry**
    The expiry date for this user. Must be provided in
    a zero-padded YYYY-MM-DD format --- e.g. 2010-02-19.
    If you want to make sure the user account does never
    expire, you can pass the special value `absent`.
    Valid values are `absent`. Values can match `/^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}$/`.
    Requires features manages_expiry.

- **forcelocal**
    Forces the mangement of local accounts when accounts are also
    being managed by some other NSS
    Valid values are `true`, `false`, `yes`, `no`. 
    Requires features libuser.

- **gid**
    The user's primary group.  Can be specified numerically or by name.
    This attribute is not supported on Windows systems; use the `groups`
    attribute instead. (On Windows, designating a primary group is only
    meaningful for domain accounts, which Puppet does not currently manage.)

- **groups**
    The groups to which the user belongs.  The primary group should
    not be listed, and groups should be identified by name rather than by
    GID.  Multiple groups should be specified as an array.

- **home**
    The home directory of the user.  The directory must be created
    separately and is not currently checked for existence.

- **ia_load_module**
    The name of the I&A module to use to manage this user.
    Requires features manages_aix_lam.

- **iterations**
    This is the number of iterations of a chained computation of the
    password hash (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBKDF2).  This parameter
    is used in OS X. This field is required for managing passwords on OS X
    >= 10.8.
Requires features manages_password_salt.

- **key_membership**
    Whether specified key/value pairs should be considered the
    **complete list** (`inclusive`) or the **minimum list** (`minimum`) of
    the user's attributes. Defaults to `minimum`.
    Valid values are `inclusive`, `minimum`. 

- **keys**
    Specify user attributes in an array of key = value pairs.
    Requires features manages_solaris_rbac.

- **managehome**
    Whether to manage the home directory when managing the user.
    This will create the home directory when `ensure => present`, and
    delete the home directory when `ensure => absent`. Defaults to `false`.
    Valid values are `true`, `false`, `yes`, `no`. 

- **membership**
    Whether specified groups should be considered the **complete list**
    (`inclusive`) or the **minimum list** (`minimum`) of groups to which
    the user belongs. Defaults to `minimum`.
    Valid values are `inclusive`, `minimum`. 

- **name**
    The user name. While naming limitations vary by operating system,
    it is advisable to restrict names to the lowest common denominator,
    which is a maximum of 8 characters beginning with a letter.
    Note that Puppet considers user names to be case-sensitive, regardless
    of the platform's own rules; be sure to always use the same case when
    referring to a given user.

- **password**
    The user's password, in whatever encrypted format the local
    system requires.
    * Most modern Unix-like systems use salted SHA1 password hashes. You can
    use
      Puppet's built-in `sha1` function to generate a hash from a password.
    * Mac OS X 10.5 and 10.6 also use salted SHA1 hashes.
    * Mac OS X 10.7 (Lion) uses salted SHA512 hashes. The Puppet Labs
    [stdlib][]
      module contains a `str2saltedsha512` function which can generate
    password
      hashes for Lion.
    * Mac OS X 10.8 and higher use salted SHA512 PBKDF2 hashes. When
      managing passwords on these systems the salt and iterations properties
      need to be specified as well as the password.
    * Windows passwords can only be managed in cleartext, as there is no
    Windows API
      for setting the password hash.
    [stdlib]: https://github.com/puppetlabs/puppetlabs-stdlib/
    Be sure to enclose any value that includes a dollar sign ($) in single
    quotes (') to avoid accidental variable interpolation.
    Requires features manages_passwords.

- **password_max_age**
    The maximum number of days a password may be used before it must be
    changed.
Requires features manages_password_age.

- **password_min_age**
    The minimum number of days a password must be used before it may be
    changed.
Requires features manages_password_age.

- **profile_membership**
    Whether specified roles should be treated as the **complete list**
    (`inclusive`) or the **minimum list** (`minimum`) of roles
    of which the user is a member. Defaults to `minimum`.
    Valid values are `inclusive`, `minimum`. 

- **profiles**
    The profiles the user has.  Multiple profiles should be
    specified as an array.
Requires features manages_solaris_rbac.

- **project**
    The name of the project associated with a user.
    Requires features manages_solaris_rbac.

- **purge_ssh_keys**
    Purge ssh keys authorized for the user
    if they are not managed via ssh_authorized_keys. When true,
    looks for keys in .ssh/authorized_keys in the user's home
    directory. Possible values are true, false, or an array of
    paths to file to search for authorized keys. If a path starts
    with ~ or %h, this token is replaced with the user's home directory.
    Valid values are `true`, `false`. 

- **role_membership**
    Whether specified roles should be considered the **complete list**
    (`inclusive`) or the **minimum list** (`minimum`) of roles the user
    has. Defaults to `minimum`.
Valid values are `inclusive`, `minimum`. 

- **roles**
    The roles the user has.  Multiple roles should be
    specified as an array.
Requires features manages_solaris_rbac.

- **salt**
    This is the 32 byte salt used to generate the PBKDF2 password used in
    OS X. This field is required for managing passwords on OS X >= 10.8.
    Requires features manages_password_salt.

- **shell**
    The user's login shell.  The shell must exist and be
    executable.
    This attribute cannot be managed on Windows systems.
    Requires features manages_shell.

- **system**
    Whether the user is a system user, according to the OS's criteria;
    on most platforms, a UID less than or equal to 500 indicates a system
    user. Defaults to `false`.
    Valid values are `true`, `false`, `yes`, `no`. 

- **uid**
    The user ID; must be specified numerically. If no user ID is
    specified when creating a new user, then one will be chosen
    automatically. This will likely result in the same user having
    different UIDs on different systems, which is not recommended. This is
    especially noteworthy when managing the same user on both Darwin and
    other platforms, since Puppet does UID generation on Darwin, but
    the underlying tools do so on other platforms.
    On Windows, this property is read-only and will return the user's
    security identifier (SID).

Providers
---------
    aix, directoryservice, hpuxuseradd, ldap, pw, user_role_add, useradd,
    windows_adsi
[root@centos7 ~]# vim chenxi.pp   定义

group{'cx':
        ensure => present,
}
user{'myuser':
        ensure => present,
        groups => cx,
        shell => '/bin/tcsh',
        comment => 'test user',
}
[root@centos7 ~]# puppet apply -v --noop chenxi.pp 
Notice: Compiled catalog for centos7.3-chenxi3 in environment production in 0.22 seconds
Info: Applying configuration version '1506252308'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/User[myuser]/ensure: current_value absent, should be present (noop)
Notice: Class[Main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events
Notice: Stage[main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.04 seconds

`[root@centos7 ~]# puppet apply -v --noop chenxi.pp   测试
Notice: Compiled catalog for centos7.3-chenxi3 in environment production in 0.22 seconds
Info: Applying configuration version '1506252308'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/User[myuser]/ensure: current_value absent, should be present (noop)
Notice: Class[Main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events
Notice: Stage[main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.04 seconds
有意把 组删掉
[root@centos7 ~]# groupdel cx   删掉组的定义
[root@centos7 ~]# puppet apply -v --noop chenxi.pp   重行运行此资源
Notice: Compiled catalog for centos7.3-chenxi3 in environment production in 0.23 seconds
Info: Applying configuration version '1506252597'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Group[cx]/ensure: current_value absent, should be present (noop)  创建组
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/User[myuser]/ensure: current_value absent, should be present (noop) 创建用户
Notice: Class[Main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 2 events
Notice: Stage[main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.04 seconds
[root@centos7 ~]# puppet apply -v  chenxi.pp   创建组与用户
Notice: Compiled catalog for centos7.3-chenxi3 in environment production in 0.22 seconds
Info: Applying configuration version '1506252827'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Group[cx]/ensure: created
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/User[myuser]/ensure: created
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.21 seconds
查看结果
[root@centos7 ~]# tail -n 2 /etc/{passwd,group}
==> /etc/passwd <==
puppet:x:52:52:Puppet:/var/lib/puppet:/sbin/nologin
myuser:x:1001:1002:test user:/home/myuser:/bin/tcsh

==> /etc/group <==
cx:x:1001:myuser
myuser:x:1002:
删除用户用户与组之后重新定义
[root@centos7 ~]# cat chenxi.pp   把组定义在用户之后而用户有依赖组
user{'myuser':
    ensure => present,
    groups => cx,
    shell => '/bin/tcsh',
    comment => 'test user',
}

group{'cx':
    ensure => present,
}
[root@centos7 ~]# puppet apply -v --noop chenxi.pp 
Notice: Compiled catalog for centos7.3-chenxi3 in environment production in 0.23 seconds
Info: Applying configuration version '1506253416'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Group[cx]/ensure: current_value absent, should be present (noop)  它会自动检查依赖的，先定义组，而后定义用户
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/User[myuser]/ensure: current_value absent, should be present (noop)
Notice: Class[Main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 2 events
Notice: Stage[main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.04 seconds
如果不是很明确的话还可以手动指定先运行谁后运行谁
关系元参数：before/require
                    A before B: B依赖于A，定义在A资源中；
                        {
                            ...
                            before  => Type['B'],
                            ...
                        }
                    B require A： B依赖于A，定义在B资源中；
                        {
                            ...
                            require => Type['A'],
                            ...
                        }
                        
                package：
                    Manage packages.
[root@centos7 ~]# cat chenxi.pp 
user{'myuser':
    ensure => present,
    groups => cx,
    shell => '/bin/tcsh',
    comment => 'test user',
    managehome => true,
#   require => Group['cx'],   表示此资源依赖于Group[cx]
}

group{'cx':
    ensure => present,
#   before => User['myuser'], # 表示此资源要先于User资源
}
Group['cx'] -> User['myuser']  表示先运行Group资源
[root@centos7 ~]# puppet apply -v --noop chenxi.pp 
Notice: Compiled catalog for centos7.3-chenxi3 in environment production in 0.22 seconds
Info: Applying configuration version '1506258232'
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/Group[cx]/ensure: current_value absent, should be present (noop)
Notice: /Stage[main]/Main/User[myuser]/ensure: current_value absent, should be present (noop)
Notice: Class[Main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 2 events
Notice: Stage[main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events
Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.05 seconds

https://docs.puppet.com/puppet/5.2/cheatsheet_core_types.html 官网的定义