相信我们大家都用过AlertDialog,但是我们没办法去直接实例化一个AlertDialog,因为内部的构造方法都是private,我们只能通过AlertDialog的内部类Builder去生成一个AlertDialog对象,可是为什么要这样设计呢?
看过设计模式的人一眼就会发现,这怎么像传说中的“建造者模式”呢?
建造者解决的问题:是将一个复杂的对象的构建与它的表示分离,使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示。
这里给出一般的建造者模式模型:
Builder:给出一个抽象接口,以规范产品对象的各个组成成分的建造。这个接口规定要实现复杂对象的哪些部分的创建,并不涉及具体的对象部件的创建。
ConcreteBuilder:实现Builder接口,针对不同的商业逻辑,具体化复杂对象的各部分的创建。 在建造过程完成后,提供产品的实例。
Director:调用具体建造者来创建复杂对象的各个部分,在指导者中不涉及具体产品的信息,只负责保证对象各部分完整创建或按某种顺序创建。
Product:要创建的复杂对象。
下面我们通过一个实例来演示一下:
//我们要创建的复杂的类
class Person{
private String head;
public String getHead() {
return head;
}
public void setHead(String head) {
this.head = head;
}
public String getArms() {
return arms;
}
public void setArms(String arms) {
this.arms = arms;
}
private String arms;
}
//抽象的建造者
interface Builder{
void setHead(String head);
void setArms(String arms);
//得到person实例
Person getPerson();
}
//建造者的实现类,要有一个Person的实例成员
class Concrete implements Builder{
Person person=new Person();
@Override
public Person getPerson() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return person;
}
@Override
public void setHead(String head) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
person.setHead(head);
}
@Override
public void setArms(String arms) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
person.setArms(arms);
}
}
class Test{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Concrete concrete=new Concrete();
concrete.setArms("123");
concrete.setHead("hhh");
Person person=concrete.getPerson();
}
}
其实逻辑挺简单的,抽象的建造者要有一个build方法来创建返回我们想要的对象,所以建造者的实现类就必须有一个我们要得到的对象作为变量,建造者的方法也都会调用目标的方法来对目标对象进行构建。
我们说的链式调用其实是建造者模式的升级版,建造者是内部类来实现的。
下面是内部类的形式:
public class Person {
private Person(Builder builder) {
arms=builder.arms;
head=builder.head;
}
private String arms;
public String getArms() {
return arms;
}
public String getHead() {
return head;
}
private String head;
public static class Builder{
private String arms;
private String head;
public Builder setArms(String arms) {
this.arms=arms;
return this;
}
public Builder setHead(String head) {
this.head=head;
return this;
}
public Person build() {
return new Person(this);
}
}
}
class Test{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Person.Builder builder=new Person.Builder();
builder.setArms("123");
builder.setHead("hhh");
Person person=builder.build();
}
}
通过这种方式就能进行链式调用了,其实非内部类也能实现,不过那样的可读性不太好,而且对Builder的封装性也不好。
关于AlertDialog
我们平时使用AlertDialog就像下面这样,这是一种典型的内部类形式的建造者模式:
AlertDialog.Builder builder=new AlertDialog.Builder(this).setTitle("你好").setCancelable(true).
setIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher).setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
}
});
AlertDialog alertDialog= builder.create();
Builder就是一个内部静态类,这是它的构造方法
public static class Builder {
public Builder(@NonNull Context context) {
this(context, resolveDialogTheme(context, 0));
}
public Builder(@NonNull Context context, @StyleRes int themeResId) {
P = new AlertController.AlertParams(new ContextThemeWrapper(
context, resolveDialogTheme(context, themeResId)));
mTheme = themeResId;
}
内部封装了很多初始化AlertDialog的方法:
public Builder setTitle(@StringRes int titleId) {
P.mTitle = P.mContext.getText(titleId);
return this;
}
public Builder setCustomTitle(@Nullable View customTitleView) {
P.mCustomTitleView = customTitleView;
return this;
}
public Builder setMessage(@StringRes int messageId) {
P.mMessage = P.mContext.getText(messageId);
return this;
}
public Builder setIcon(@DrawableRes int iconId) {
P.mIconId = iconId;
return this;
}
这些方法中都用到了一个实例P,我们来看这个P是什么
private final AlertController.AlertParams P;
emm,这个P是个什么东西?
我们先来看Builder.create()方法:
public AlertDialog create() {
// We can't use Dialog's 3-arg constructor with the createThemeContextWrapper param,
// so we always have to re-set the theme
final AlertDialog dialog = new AlertDialog(P.mContext, mTheme);
P.apply(dialog.mAlert);
dialog.setCancelable(P.mCancelable);
if (P.mCancelable) {
dialog.setCanceledOnTouchOutside(true);
}
dialog.setOnCancelListener(P.mOnCancelListener);
dialog.setOnDismissListener(P.mOnDismissListener);
if (P.mOnKeyListener != null) {
dialog.setOnKeyListener(P.mOnKeyListener);
}
return dialog;
}
这里就和我们举的那个简单的例子不一样了,这个AlertDialog其实不是直接通过Builder构建的,是通过Builder构建了一个 AlertController.AlertParams,然后在通过这个构建一个AlertDialog
上面的种种方法都显示了这样一个关系。
我们举个例子,比如P.apply这个方法:
public void apply(AlertController dialog) {
if (mCustomTitleView != null) {
dialog.setCustomTitle(mCustomTitleView);
} else {
if (mTitle != null) {
dialog.setTitle(mTitle);
}
if (mIcon != null) {
dialog.setIcon(mIcon);
}
if (mIconId != 0) {
dialog.setIcon(mIconId);
}
if (mIconAttrId != 0) {
dialog.setIcon(dialog.getIconAttributeResId(mIconAttrId));
}
}
if (mMessage != null) {
dialog.setMessage(mMessage);
}
if (mPositiveButtonText != null || mPositiveButtonIcon != null) {
dialog.setButton(DialogInterface.BUTTON_POSITIVE, mPositiveButtonText,
mPositiveButtonListener, null, mPositiveButtonIcon);
}
if (mNegativeButtonText != null || mNegativeButtonIcon != null) {
dialog.setButton(DialogInterface.BUTTON_NEGATIVE, mNegativeButtonText,
mNegativeButtonListener, null, mNegativeButtonIcon);
}
if (mNeutralButtonText != null || mNeutralButtonIcon != null) {
dialog.setButton(DialogInterface.BUTTON_NEUTRAL, mNeutralButtonText,
mNeutralButtonListener, null, mNeutralButtonIcon);
}
// For a list, the client can either supply an array of items or an
// adapter or a cursor
if ((mItems != null) || (mCursor != null) || (mAdapter != null)) {
createListView(dialog);
}
if (mView != null) {
if (mViewSpacingSpecified) {
dialog.setView(mView, mViewSpacingLeft, mViewSpacingTop, mViewSpacingRight,
mViewSpacingBottom);
} else {
dialog.setView(mView);
}
} else if (mViewLayoutResId != 0) {
dialog.setView(mViewLayoutResId);
}
/*
dialog.setCancelable(mCancelable);
dialog.setOnCancelListener(mOnCancelListener);
if (mOnKeyListener != null) {
dialog.setOnKeyListener(mOnKeyListener);
}
*/
}
其实严格地讲,P的这个方法只是构造了AlertDialog内部的一个参数AlertController mAlert,这个参数才是AlertDialog标题内容等等的载体
AlertController.java
class AlertController {
private final Context mContext;
final AppCompatDialog mDialog;
private final Window mWindow;
private final int mButtonIconDimen;
private CharSequence mTitle;
private CharSequence mMessage;
ListView mListView;
private View mView;
private int mViewLayoutResId;
private int mViewSpacingLeft;
private int mViewSpacingTop;
private int mViewSpacingRight;
private int mViewSpacingBottom;
private boolean mViewSpacingSpecified = false;
Button mButtonPositive;
private CharSequence mButtonPositiveText;
Message mButtonPositiveMessage;
private Drawable mButtonPositiveIcon;
Button mButtonNegative;
private CharSequence mButtonNegativeText;
Message mButtonNegativeMessage;
private Drawable mButtonNegativeIcon;
Button mButtonNeutral;
private CharSequence mButtonNeutralText;
Message mButtonNeutralMessage;
private Drawable mButtonNeutralIcon;
NestedScrollView mScrollView;
private int mIconId = 0;
private Drawable mIcon;
private ImageView mIconView;
private TextView mTitleView;
private TextView mMessageView;
private View mCustomTitleView;
ListAdapter mAdapter;
int mCheckedItem = -1;
private int mAlertDialogLayout;
private int mButtonPanelSideLayout;
int mListLayout;
int mMultiChoiceItemLayout;
int mSingleChoiceItemLayout;
int mListItemLayout;
private boolean mShowTitle;
private int mButtonPanelLayoutHint = AlertDialog.LAYOUT_HINT_NONE;
Handler mHandler;
//省略只看属性
}
我们可以看到,这里面大多的属性都是我们熟知的需要设置的,AlertController就是封装了这些。
好了,这也是第一次这么认真地看源码,很多说的不好的地方请大家见谅,有错误的地方还请大家指点。
我有一个疑问就是,为什么不能直接用一个builder内部类完事儿呢,又引出来这么多的中间变量,只是为了解耦吗,还是有其他的原因,希望能够得到大神指点!