记录下ubuntu 22.04安装最新Kubernets 1.29 ,全部按照官方教程去执行
安装容器
因为Kubernetes 1.20版本中,Docker支持已经被弃用,并在1.24版本后续的版本不再包含docker依赖了。后续使用containerd作为容器实现,它是OCI的规范,理论上所以符合OCI规范的容器都可以做Kubernetes的容器实现。虽然Docker已经被弃用而改用contrainerd了,但是containerd也是Docker公司开发的,在docker官网找到安装方法,我这里使用官网推荐安装。
这种方式安装的containerd是最新的版本,必须要对应是最新Kubernetes,如果要安装指定版本Kuberenets,最好去github下载指定版本.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ca-certificates curl
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
sudo curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
echo \
"deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | \
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
sudo apt-get update
apt install containerd.io cri-tools -y
安装Kubernetes组件
安装Kubernetes本质就是安装下面3个工具
-
kubeadm
: 安装Kubernetes集群执行工具,安装集群需要各类组件、初始化集群。 -
kubelet
: 可以理解成集群节点运行agent,通过API方式向服务器注册,处理Master下发到本节点的任务,管理Pod及Pod中的容器。 -
kubectl
: Kubernetes命令行客户端,可以命令方式向集群调用,查看资源。
由于官网Kubenretes官网源下载很慢,我这里使用的国内阿里云源
apt-get update && apt-get install -y apt-transport-https
curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes-new/core/stable/v1.29/deb/Release.key | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg
echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes-new/core/stable/v1.29/deb/ /" |
tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
apt-get update
apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
验证安装结果
kubeadm version
kubeadm version: &version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"28", GitVersion:"v1.28.7", GitCommit:"c8dcb00be9961ec36d141d2e4103f85f92bcf291", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2024-02-14T10:39:01Z", GoVersion:"go1.21.7", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
设置Linux内核
禁用swap 交换分区
sudo swapoff -a
写入配置中,保证重启后依然生效
sudo sed -i '/ swap / s/^(.*)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab
设置容器模板
vim /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf
写入以下内容
overlay
br_netfilter
开启模块
sudo modprobe overlay
sudo modprobe br_netfilter
配置kubernetes网络
vim /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf
写入下面内容
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
重启,让配置生效
sudo sysctl --system
安装Kubernetes集群
获取kubeadm 默认配置
kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm.conf
修改4处地方
- localAPIEndpoint.advertiseAddress为master的ip;
- nodeRegistration.name 为当前节点名称;
- imageRepository为国内源:registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
- podSubnet 设置pod网段,这里必须 192.168.0.0/16,因为下面安装CNI 插件
Calico
已经固定网段,如果要安装其他插件自行修改 - kubernetesVersion: 1.29.2 ,查看了kubeadm 版本为1.29.2 ,默认是1.29.0
修改配置如下
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
- system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
ttl: 24h0m0s
usages:
- signing
- authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
advertiseAddress: 172.28.14.94 #当前主机IP
bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
criSocket: unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: ser
taints: null
---
apiServer:
timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns: {}
etcd:
local:
dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers #改成国内镜像地址
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.29.2 # 改成跟kubelet 一致
networking:
dnsDomain: cluster.local
serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
podSubnet: 192.168.0.0/16 #固定网段,这是cni插件Calico要求的
scheduler: {}
我这里先执行镜像下载,一步步来
kubeadm config images pull --config=kubeadm.conf
出现错误
root@syf-CN15S:~# kubeadm config images pull --config=kubeadm.conf
W0323 23:12:47.468488 54593 initconfiguration.go:312] error unmarshaling configuration schema.GroupVersionKind{Group:"kubeadm.k8s.io", Version:"v1beta3", Kind:"ClusterConfiguration"}: strict decoding error: unknown field "networking.pod-network-cidr"
failed to pull image "registry.lank8s.cn/kube-apiserver:v1.29.0": output: time="2024-03-23T23:12:47+08:00" level=fatal msg="validate service connection: validate CRI v1 image API for endpoint "unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock": rpc error: code = Unimplemented desc = unknown service runtime.v1.ImageService"
, error: exit status 1
To see the stack trace of this error execute with --v=5 or higher
这是cri没有使用containerd 作为容器,在github 找到解决方法
vim /etc/crictl.yaml
新增下面内容
runtime-endpoint: unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock
image-endpoint: unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock
timeout: 2
debug: true
pull-image-on-create: false
修改containerd默认配置
因为containerd没有配置,使用下面命令生成默认配置
containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
修改镜像地址,改用国内仓库
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]
device_ownership_from_security_context = false
disable_apparmor = false
disable_cgroup = false
disable_hugetlb_controller = true
disable_proc_mount = false
disable_tcp_service = true
enable_selinux = false
enable_tls_streaming = false
enable_unprivileged_icmp = false
enable_unprivileged_ports = false
ignore_image_defined_volumes = false
max_concurrent_downloads = 3
max_container_log_line_size = 16384
netns_mounts_under_state_dir = false
restrict_oom_score_adj = false
sandbox_image = "registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9" # 修改这一行就可以
同样修改Cgroup设置,会导致etcd无限重启
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
BinaryName = ""
CriuImagePath = ""
CriuPath = ""
CriuWorkPath = ""
IoGid = 0
IoUid = 0
NoNewKeyring = false
NoPivotRoot = false
Root = ""
ShimCgroup = ""
SystemdCgroup = false //改成 true 就可以
配置containerd 容器仓库加速,不然使用默认docker.io 非常慢的
新创建 /etc/containerd/certs.d/docker.io/
目录, 向下面结构 docker.io
表示默认Docker 官方仓库地址
/etc/containerd/
├── certs.d
│ ├── docker.io
│ │ └── host.toml
└── config.toml
编辑host.toml
vim /etc/containerd/certs.d/docker.io/host.toml
添加下面内容
[host."https://xxxxx.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] # docker 仓库加速地址
capabilities = ["pull", "resolve","push"]
skip_verify = true
其他配置可以参看Github
重启,让配置生效
systemctl restart containred
重新执行命令,拉取镜像,出现下面记录,表示拉取镜像成功
root@syf-CN15S:~# kubeadm config images pull --config=kubeadm.conf
[config/images] Pulled registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.29.2
[config/images] Pulled registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.29.2
[config/images] Pulled registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.29.2
[config/images] Pulled registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.29.2
[config/images] Pulled registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.11.1
[config/images] Pulled registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9
[config/images] Pulled registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.5.10-0
执行初始化命令
kubeadm init --config=kubeadm.con
看见下面信息,说明集群搭建成功
.... 省略
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
根据安装提示,执行下面命令
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
执行下下面命令,验证下kubernets是否安装成功
kubectl get node
如果你和我一样,状态不是Ready,那就是有问题
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
syf-cn15s NotReady control-plane 5m14s v1.29.3
首先成kubelete 排查kubelet,查看是否正常运行
systemctl status kubelet
看见下面
3月 24 00:09:59 syf-CN15S kubelet[59351]: E0324 00:09:59.243528 59351 kubelet.go:2892] "Container runtime network not ready" networkReady="NetworkReady=false reason:NetworkPluginNotReady message:Networ>
3月 24 00:10:04 syf-CN15S kubelet[59351]: E0324 00:10:04.244612 59351 kubelet.go:2892] "Container runtime network not ready" networkReady="NetworkReady=false reason:NetworkPluginNotReady message:Networ>
3月 24 00:10:09 syf-CN15S kubelet[59351]: E0324 00:10:09.246425 59351 kubelet.go:2892] "Container runtime network not ready" networkReady="NetworkReady=false reason:NetworkPluginNotReady message:Networ>
3月 24 00:10:14 syf-CN15S kubelet[59351]: E0324 00:10:14.248467 59351 kubelet.go:2892] "Container runtime network not ready" networkReady="NetworkReady=false reason:NetworkPluginNotReady message:Networ>
3月 24 00:10:19 syf-CN15S kubelet[59351]: E0324 00:10:19.250277 59351 kubelet.go:2892] "Container runtime network not ready" networkReady="NetworkReady=false reason:NetworkPluginNotReady message:Networ>
3月 24 00:10:24 syf-CN15S kubelet[59351]: E0324 00:10:24.251682 59351 kubelet.go:2892] "Container runtime network not ready" networkReady="NetworkReady=false reason:NetworkPluginNotReady message:Networ>
3月 24 00:10:29 syf-CN15S kubelet[59351]: E0324 00:10:29.253199 59351 kubelet.go:2892] "Container runtime network not ready" networkReady="NetworkReady=false reason:NetworkPluginNotReady message:Networ>
3月 24 00:10:34 syf-CN15S kubelet[59351]: E0324 00:10:34.255030 59351 kubelet.go:2892] "Container runtime network not ready" networkReady="NetworkReady=false reason:NetworkPluginNotReady message:Networ>
3月 24 00:10:39 syf-CN15S kubelet[59351]: E0324 00:10:39.256634 59351 kubelet.go:2892] "Container runtime network not ready" networkReady="NetworkReady=false reason:NetworkPluginNotReady message:Networ>
3月 24 00:10:44 syf-CN15S kubelet[59351]: E0324 00:10:44.258525 59351 kubelet.go:2892] "Container runtime network not ready" networkReady="NetworkReady=false reason:NetworkPluginNotReady message:Networ
这是没有安装CNI 插件导致
安装CNI插件
我这里安装calico 作为Kubernetes网络CNI插件,安装步骤来自官网教程
先现在yaml文件,这个步骤很关键,接下来如果安装失败了,可以使用kubectl delete 直接删除
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.27.2/manifests/tigera-operator.yaml
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.27.2/manifests/custom-resources.yaml
kubectl create -f tigera-operator.yaml
kubectl create -f custom-resources.yaml
等待一会calico 安装完成,使用下面命令查看镜像运行情况
watch kubectl get pods -n calico-system
看到下面信息,则说明安装完成了
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
calico-kube-controllers-df447b98-44n5j 1/1 Running 0 10m
calico-node-8jrzf 1/1 Running 0 10m
calico-typha-78f4459ccc-xgh4h 1/1 Running 0 10m
csi-node-driver-ggjql 2/2 Running 0 10m
再次查看k8s运行情况
root@syf-CN15S:~# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
syf-cn15s Ready control-plane 37m v1.29.3
正常运行了
如果是单节点运行,还有执行以下命令,才能让master 充当工作节点
kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane-
问题排查思路
我遇到问题先看kubelet 状态,日志
sudo systemctl status kubelet
查看详细日志
sudo journalctl -u kubelet.service
定位到具体容器后,集群没有安装好,kubectl还能使用的,可以使用containerd的客户端工具crictl 查看,用法和docker基本一样
查看日志
sudo crictl logs <containerd-id>
进入容器
sudo crictl exec -it <containerd-id> /bin/bash
以下文章参考的资料
https://phoenixnap.com/kb/install-kubernetes-on-ubuntu
https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/
https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/kubernetes?spm=a2c6h.12873639.article-detail.8.73cd4579RZH8Z4
https://github.com/containerd/containerd/blob/main/docs/hosts.md