1. menace
v. [T] formal
to threaten 威胁，恐吓 【正式】
The elephants are still menaced by poachers.
大象仍然面临非法捕猎者的威胁。
2. austerity
n. 英 / ɔːˈsterɪti, ɔːˈsterəti, ɒ- /
[U] when a government has a deliberate policy of trying to reduce the amount of money it spends 〔经济的〕紧缩
IMF-backed austerity measures
3.shatter
v. / 'ʃætə ; ˋʃætɚ / 英 / 'ʃætə /
[I,T] to break suddenly into very small pieces, or to make something break in this way （使）粉碎，（使）破碎
The explosion shattered the building.
这次爆炸把大楼炸成一片废墟。
4. active service
n. [U] ( also 又作 ˌactive ˈduty )
the work that soldiers do in a war 兵役
Powell was declared unfit for active service
5. flotilla
n. [C] / flə'tɪlə ; floˋtɪlə /英 / flə'tɪlə /
a group of small ships 小船队；小舰队
6. exterminate
v. [T] / ɪk'stɜːmɪneɪt ɪk'stɜːməneɪt ; ɪkˋstɝmə͵net / 英 / ɪk'stɜːmɪneɪt /
to kill large numbers of people or animals of a particular type so that they no longer exist 灭绝，根除
Staff use the poison to exterminate moles and rabbits.
员工用毒药来消灭鼹鼠和野兔。
7. exempt
v. [T] / ɪɡ'zempt /
to give someone permission not to do or pay something 免除，豁免
exempt sb from sth
Charities are exempted from paying the tax.
慈善团体免付这项税款。
8. munitions
n. [plural 复数] / mjuː'nɪʃ ə nz ; mjuˋnɪʃənz /
英 / mjuː'nɪʃ ə nz /
military supplies such as bombs and guns 军火〔如炸弹、枪炮等〕
→ ammunition
a munitions factory
兵工厂
9. trauma
n. / 'trɔːmə, 'traʊmə ; ˋtraumə /英 / 'trɔːmə, 'traʊmə /
an unpleasant and upsetting experience that affects you for a long time 痛苦，创伤
traumas such as death or divorce
死亡、离婚等的巨大痛苦
10. conscription
n. [U] / kən'skrɪpʃ ə n ; kənˋskrɪpʃən /
when people are made to join the army, navy etc 征兵
11. ˌable-ˈbodied
adj.
physically strong and healthy, especially when compared with someone who is disabled 体格健全的，强壮的
Every able-bodied man had to fight for his country.
每一个体格健全的男人都必须为祖国而战斗
12. ra‧tion‧ing
n. [U] / 'ræʃ ə nɪŋ ; ˋræʃənɪŋ /
英 / 'ræʃ ə nɪŋ /
when the amount of food, petrol etc that people are allowed to have is limited by the government 定量配给政策；配给制
fuel/clothes/food etc rationing
News of bread rationing created panic buying.
面包将定量配给的消息引发了恐慌性购买。
13. con‧sen‧sus
n. [singular,U 单数] 英 / kən'sensəs /
an opinion that everyone in a group agrees with or accepts 共同意见，一致看法，共识
SYN agreement
The EU Council of Finance Ministers failed to reach a consensus on the pace of integration.
欧盟财政部长会议未能就一体化的进度达成共识。
14. bea‧con
n. [C] 英 / ˈbiːkən /
a light that is put somewhere to warn or guide people, ships, vehicles, or aircraft 灯标，灯塔
15. virtually
adv. 英 / 'vɜːtʃuəli /
almost 实际上，几乎，差不多
SYN practically
Virtually all the children come to school by bus.
16. totalitarianism
/ təʊˌtælɪˈtɛərɪənɪzəm/
N-UNCOUNT Totalitarianism is the ideas, principles, and practices of totalitarian political systems. 极权主义
17. dis‧man‧tle
v. [T]
英 / dɪs'mæntl /
to gradually get rid of a system or organization 〔逐渐地〕废除〔某种制度或组织〕
an election promise to dismantle the existing tax legislation
将废除现有税收法规的竞选承诺
18. di‧spar‧i‧ty
n. [C,U] formal 英 / dɪ'spærɪti /
( plural disparities )
a difference between two or more things, especially an unfair one 〔尤指不公正的〕不同，差异 【正式】
19. hol‧o‧caust
n. [C] 英 / 'hɒləkɔːst /
①a situation in which there is great destruction and a lot of people die 大灾难，浩劫
a nuclear holocaust
核灾难
② the Holocaust
the killing of millions of Jews and other people by the Nazis during the Second World War 〔第二次世界大战期间纳粹党对犹太人等进行的〕大屠杀
20. gen‧o‧cide
n. [U] 英 / 'dʒenəsaɪd /
the deliberate murder of a whole group or race of people 大屠杀，种族灭绝
→ ethnic cleansing
The military leaders were accused of genocide.
军方领导人被指控实施种族大屠杀。
21. a‧troc‧i‧ty
n. [C usually plural , U 一般用复数] / əˈtrɒsɪti, əˈtrɒsəti ; əˋtrɑsətɪ /
英 / əˈtrɒsɪti, əˈtrɒsəti /
( plural atrocities )
an extremely cruel and violent action, especially during a war 〔尤指战争中的〕暴行
22. ex‧ten‧sive
adj. 英 / ɪk'stensɪv /
①large in size, amount, or degree 广阔的；大量的；大规模的
Fire has caused extensive damage to the island’s forests.
大火严重毁坏了岛上的森林。
the extensive use of pesticides
杀虫剂的大量使用
②containing or dealing with a lot of information and details 广泛的，全面的
Extensive research is being done into the connection between the disease and poor living conditions.
23. ap‧pease
v. [T] / əˈpiːz ; əˋpiz / formal
英 / əˈpiːz /
to make someone less angry or stop them from attacking you by giving them what they want 平息；安抚，抚慰 【正式】
They attempted to appease international opposition by promising to hold talks.
他们答应举行会谈，试图以此平息国际上的反对声音。
24. aggression
n.
the act of attacking a country, especially when that country has not attacked first 侵犯；侵略
an unprovoked act of aggression
无端的侵犯
25. con‧science
n. [C,U] 英 / 'kɒnʃ ə ns /
the part of your mind that tells you whether what you are doing is morally right or wrong 良知，良心
Well, at least I can face them all with a clear conscience (= the knowledge that you have done nothing wrong ) .
好吧，至少我可以问心无愧地面对他们所有人。
26. de‧ter‧rent
n. [C] / dɪ'terənt ; dɪˋtɝənt /英 / dɪ'terənt /
something that makes someone less likely to do something, by making them realize it will be difficult or have bad results 制止物，威慑物，威慑力量
nuclear deterrent
the nuclear weapons that a country has in order to prevent other countries from attacking it 核威慑力
27. ex‧a‧cer‧bate
v. / ɪɡ'zæsəbeɪt ; ɪgˋzæsɚ͵bet /
英 / ɪɡ'zæsəbeɪt /
[T] to make a bad situation worse 使恶化；使加重
The recession has exacerbated this problem.
经济衰退使这个问题更加严重。
28. sen‧ti‧ment
n. / 'sentɪmənt 'sentəmənt ; ˋsɛntəmənt /
英 / 'sentɪmənt /
[C,U] an opinion or feeling you have about something formal 意见，观点，感想 【正式】
Similar sentiments were expressed by many politicians.
许多政治家都表达了相同的观点。
29. persuasion
n. [C] a particular type of belief, especially a political or religious one formal 〔尤指政治或宗教的〕信仰，信念 【正式】
politicians of all persuasions
信仰各异的政治家
political/religious persuasion
We need people with talent, whatever their political persuasions.
我们需要有才华的人，无论他们的政治信仰如何。
30. re‧gime
n. [C] W2 AC / reɪ'ʒiːm ; reˋʒim /
英 / reɪ'ʒiːm /
a government, especially one that was not elected fairly or that you disapprove of for some other reason 政权，〔尤指未经公平选举而掌权的〕政府
The regime got rid of most of its opponents.
该政权清除了大多数反对者。
31. blurred
adj. / blɜːd ; blɝd /英 / blɜːd /
unclear in shape, or making it difficult to see shapes 〔形状〕模糊的
a blurred photo
一张模糊的照片
32. may well
很可能；充分理由；有充分理由可以…
33. sub‧ver‧sive adj. / səb'vɜːsɪv ; səbˋvɝsɪv /
英 / səb'vɜːsɪv /
subversive ideas, activities etc are secret and intended to damage or destroy a government or an established system 〔观点、活动等对政府或现有制度具有〕颠覆性的
He was engaged in subversive activities .
他参与了颠覆活动。
