目录：
- 配置MySQL，包括path和my.cnf
- 新建库保证为utf8、已有的库修改其为utf8以及查看编码的方法
- 避免导入数据库中文乱码问题
- 解决网页中乱码问题
首先配置好MySQL.
1 先配置环境变量path
首先cd到用户目录，然后ls -a查看所有文件，去.bash_profile中配置JAVA_HOME
vi .bash_profile
将下面这段复制进去：
export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/mysql/bin
:wq!保存退出。
关闭MySQL
sudo /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop
2 配置my.cnf
查看一下/usr/local/mysql/support-files文件夹，里面有没有my-default.cnf或my.cnf文件。
如果有：
(5.5以前系统)在[client]下面加入
default-character-set=utf8
在[mysqld]下面加入
default-character-set=utf8
Notice：注意 如果修改后不能启动、报错,试试把
default-character-set=utf8改为character_set_server=utf8，仅仅加入到[mysqld]下面[client]就不需要加了
(5.5以后系统)如下修改：
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
default-storage-engine=INNODB
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
如果没有：/etc下新建my.cnf
$ cd /etc
$ sudo vim my.cnf
复制文后附带的文本内容进去。
重启MySQL
sudo /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
如果是已有的库，修改方法
查看默认的编码格式：
mysql> show variables like "%char%";
查看数据库的编码格式：
mysql> show create database test;
建数据库时：
CREATE DATABASE `test`
CHARACTER SET 'utf8'
COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci';
建表时：
CREATE TABLE `database_user` (
`ID` varchar(40) NOT NULL default '',
`UserID` varchar(40) NOT NULL default '',
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
修改数据库为utf8的方法：
mysql>ALTER DATABASE mydatabase DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
# mydatabase就是已有的你要修改的库。
修改表为utf8的方法：
ALTER TABLE `tb_name` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
避免导入数据中文乱码问题
将数据编码格式保存为utf-8
设置默认编码为utf8：
set names utf8;
执行SET NAMES utf8的效果等同于同时设定如下：
SET character_set_client='utf8';
SET character_set_connection='utf8';
SET character_set_results='utf8';
设置数据库db_name默认为utf8:
设置表tb_name默认编码为utf8:
导入：
LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE 'C:\\utf8.txt' INTO TABLE yjdb;
将数据编码格式保存为ansi(即GBK或GB2312)
设置默认编码为gbk：
set names gbk;
设置数据库db_name默认编码为gbk:
ALTER DATABASE `db_name` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci;
设置表tb_name默认编码为gbk:
ALTER TABLE `tb_name` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci;
导入：
LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE 'C:\\gbk.txt' INTO TABLE yjdb;
注意：
- UTF8不要导入gbk，gbk不要导入UTF8;
- dos下不支持UTF8的显示;
解决网页中乱码的问题
将网站编码设为 utf-8,这样可以兼容世界上所有字符。
如果网站已经运作了好久,已有很多旧数据,不能再更改简体中文的设定,那么建议将页面的编码设为 GBK, GBK与GB2312的区别就在于:GBK能比GB2312显示更多的字符,要显示简体码的繁体字,就只能用GBK。
- 编辑/etc/my.cnf ,在[mysql]段加入
default_character_set=utf8; - 在编写Connection URL时，加上
?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8参; - 在网页代码中加上一个
set names utf8或者set names gbk的指令，告诉MySQL连线内容都要使用utf8或者gbk;
附my.cnf
# Example MySQL config file for medium systems.
#
# This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays
# an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with
# other programs (such as a web server)
#
# MySQL programs look for option files in a set of
# locations which depend on the deployment platform.
# You can copy this option file to one of those
# locations. For information about these locations, see:
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
# with the "--help" option.
# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
#password = your_password
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
# Here follows entries for some specific programs
# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
default-storage-engine=INNODB
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
character-set-server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
#
#skip-networking
# Replication Master Server (default)
# binary logging is required for replication
log-bin=mysql-bin
# binary logging format - mixed recommended
binlog_format=mixed
# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set
# but will not function as a master if omitted
server-id = 1
# Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)
#
# To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between
# two methods :
#
# 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -
# the syntax is:
#
# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>,
# MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ;
#
# where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and
# <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default).
#
# Example:
#
# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,
# MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';
#
# OR
#
# 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then
# start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example
# if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to
# connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later
# change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and
# overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown
# the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.
# For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched
# (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)
#
# required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1
# (and different from the master)
# defaults to 2 if master-host is set
# but will not function as a slave if omitted
#server-id = 2
#
# The replication master for this slave - required
#master-host = <hostname>
#
# The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting
# to the master - required
#master-user = <username>
#
# The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to
# the master - required
#master-password = <password>
#
# The port the master is listening on.
# optional - defaults to 3306
#master-port = <port>
#
# binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended
#log-bin=mysql-bin
# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
#innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
#innodb_log_file_size = 5M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates
default-character-set=utf8
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
