1. 二叉搜索树（ binary search tree）的定义：
   Assume a BST is defined as follows:

• The left subtree of a node contains only nodes with keys less than the node's key.
• The right subtree of a node contains only nodes with keys greater than the node's key.
• Both the left and right subtrees must also be binary search trees.

来源：力扣（LeetCode）
链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/validate-binary-search-tree
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2. 高度平衡的二叉树

a height-balanced binary tree is defined as a binary tree in which the depth of the two subtrees of every node never differ by more than 1

来源：力扣（LeetCode）
链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/convert-sorted-array-to-binary-search-tree
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3. 二叉树的类型

1. 满二叉树 Full Binary Tree

• If each node of binary tree has either two children or no child at all, is said to be a Full Binary Tree.
• Full binary tree is also called as Strictly Binary Tree.

full binary tree

• Every node in the tree has either 0 or 2 children.
• Full binary tree is used to represent mathematical expressions.

2. 完全二叉树 Complete Binary Tree

• If all levels of tree are completely filled except the last level and the last level has all keys as left as possible, is said to be a Complete Binary Tree.
• Complete binary tree is also called as Perfect Binary Tree.

complete binary tree

• In a complete binary tree, every internal node has exactly two children and all leaf nodes are at same level.
• For example, at Level 2, there must be 2² = 4 nodes and at Level 3 there must be 2³ = 8 nodes.

2.AVL Tree

• AVL tree is a height balanced tree.
• It is a self-balancing binary search tree.
• AVL tree is another balanced binary search tree.
• It was invented by Adelson-Velskii and Landis.
• AVL trees have a faster retrieval.
• It takes O(logn) time for addition and deletion operation.
• In AVL tree, heights of left and right subtree cannot be more than one for all nodes.

avl tree

• The above tree is AVL tree because the difference between heights of left and right subtrees for every node is less than or equal to 1.

image.png

• The above tree is not AVL because the difference between heights of left and right subtrees for 9 and 19 is greater than 1.
• It checks the height of the left and right subtree and assures that the difference is not more than 1. The difference is called balance factor.
  参考链接：https://www.tutorialride.com/data-structures/types-of-binary-tree.htm