前言
之前简单分析了setContentView的一个执行流程,但是我们还是不清楚我们的布局是怎么添加到Activity窗口当中的,要解决这个问题,我们必须从Activity启动的源码入手。
流程分析
- ActivityThread.java
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 代码省略
Looper.prepareMainLooper();
ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
thread.attach(false);
if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {
sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler();
}
Looper.loop();
}
很多曾经从事Java,现在从事Android的人都好奇为什么Android没有main方法,其实是有的。通过阅读相关文档,我们知道ActivityThread是应用程序真真的入口,每个应用程序有且只有一个ActivityThread,由它来负责进行所在进程的主线程消息循环处理。在ActivityThread的main方法中,我们看到它初始化了主线程handler,开启了消息循环,那么它的handler里面循环处理什么工作呢?
- ActivityThread.java
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case LAUNCH_ACTIVITY: {
handleLaunchActivity(r, null);
} break;
// 代码省略...
}
private void handleLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
// 代码省略...
Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent);
if (a != null) {
r.createdConfig = new Configuration(mConfiguration);
Bundle oldState = r.state;
handleResumeActivity(r.token, false, r.isForward,
!r.activity.mFinished && !r.startsNotResumed);
}
// 代码省略...
}
handleMessage里面处理的事情基本上是与四大组件相关,比如开启暂停停止一个Activity或Service等,这里我们只用关心LAUNCH_ACTIVITY,看看它里面做了什么。
我们发现在LAUNCH_ACTIVITY里面,它调用了handleLaunchActivity,而handleLaunchActivity里面又调用了handleResumeActivity。
- ActivityThread.java
final void handleResumeActivity(IBinder token,
// 代码省略
ActivityClientRecord r = performResumeActivity(token, clearHide);
if (r != null) {
final Activity a = r.activity;
if (r.window == null && !a.mFinished && willBeVisible) {
r.window = r.activity.getWindow();
View decor = r.window.getDecorView();
decor.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
ViewManager wm = a.getWindowManager();
WindowManager.LayoutParams l = r.window.getAttributes();
a.mDecor = decor;
l.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_BASE_APPLICATION;
l.softInputMode |= forwardBit;
if (a.mVisibleFromClient) {
a.mWindowAdded = true;
wm.addView(decor, l);
}
}
// 代码省略
在handleResumeActivity里面,首先是通过调用performResumeActivity方法获取了当前Activity的标识(ActivityClientRecord持有当前Activity以及相关的各种状态信息),然后再来获取当前Activity关联的Window对象以及WindowManager对象,最后将DecorView添加到WindowManager中。那么WindowManager中是怎么实现的呢?
- WindowManager.java
public interface WindowManager extends ViewManager {
//代码省略
}
可以发现,WindowManager只是一个接口,那么它的实现类在什么地方呢,从handleResumeActivity方法中我们可以看到,WindowManager是通过Activity获取的,所以我们还是要从Activity的代码中去寻找它的实现类。
- ActivityThread.java
private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
//代码省略
activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config,
r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor);
//代码省略
activity.mCalled = false;
if (r.isPersistable()) {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state, r.persistentState);
} else {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state);
}
//代码省略
return activity;
}
- Activity.java
public class Activity extends ContextThemeWrapper
implements LayoutInflater.Factory2,
Window.Callback, KeyEvent.Callback,
OnCreateContextMenuListener, ComponentCallbacks2,
Window.OnWindowDismissedCallback {
public WindowManager getWindowManager() {
return mWindowManager;
}
final void attach(Context context, ActivityThread aThread..)
//省略
mWindow.setWindowManager(
(WindowManager)context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE),
mToken, mComponent.flattenToString(),
(info.flags & ActivityInfo.FLAG_HARDWARE_ACCELERATED) != 0);
if (mParent != null) {
mWindow.setContainer(mParent.getWindow());
}
mWindowManager = mWindow.getWindowManager();
mCurrentConfig = config;
}
}
- Window.java
public void setWindowManager(WindowManager wm, IBinder appToken, String appName,
boolean hardwareAccelerated) {
mAppToken = appToken;
mAppName = appName;
mHardwareAccelerated = hardwareAccelerated
|| SystemProperties.getBoolean(PROPERTY_HARDWARE_UI, false);
if (wm == null) {
wm = (WindowManager)mContext.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
}
mWindowManager = ((WindowManagerImpl)wm).createLocalWindowManager(this);
}
我们知道,当一个Activity启动,会调用ActivityThread的performLaunchActivity,然后在performLaunchActivity里面会首先调用Activity的attach方法,再调用onCreate方法。而在Activity的attach方法里面可以看到,Activity的WindowManager对象实际上是来自于Window,而Window的setWindowManager方法里面揭示出WindowManager的实现类是WindowManagerImpl。
- WindowManagerImpl.java
private final WindowManagerGlobal mGlobal = WindowManagerGlobal.getInstance();
@Override
public void addView(@NonNull View view, @NonNull ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
applyDefaultToken(params);
mGlobal.addView(view, params, mDisplay, mParentWindow);
}
- WindowManagerGlobal.java
public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params,
Display display, Window parentWindow) {
//代码省略
ViewRootImpl root;
View panelParentView = null;
}
if (wparams.type >= WindowManager.LayoutParams.FIRST_SUB_WINDOW &&
wparams.type <= WindowManager.LayoutParams.LAST_SUB_WINDOW) {
//代码省略
root = new ViewRootImpl(view.getContext(), display);
view.setLayoutParams(wparams);
mViews.add(view);
mRoots.add(root);
mParams.add(wparams);
}
root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView);
//代码省略
*ViewRootImpl.java
public void setView(View view, WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs, View panelParentView) {
//代码省略
requestLayout(); // 调用View的绘制
if ((mWindowAttributes.inputFeatures
& WindowManager.LayoutParams.INPUT_FEATURE_NO_INPUT_CHANNEL) == 0) {
mInputChannel = new InputChannel();
}
try {
mOrigWindowType = mWindowAttributes.type;
mAttachInfo.mRecomputeGlobalAttributes = true;
collectViewAttributes();
// 最终的添加显示
res = mWindowSession.addToDisplay(mWindow, mSeq, mWindowAttributes,
getHostVisibility(), mDisplay.getDisplayId(),
mAttachInfo.mContentInsets, mAttachInfo.mStableInsets,
mAttachInfo.mOutsets, mInputChannel);
}
}
在WindowManagerImpl的addView方法中,我们发现它又是调用的WindowManagerGlobal的addView方法,而在WindowManagerGlobal的addView方法中,通过层层传递,它会把DecorView传递给ViewRootImpl的setView,然后在ViewRootImpl中进行最终的绘制工作。
在ViewRootImpl中,有二个地方需要我们注意,一个是requestLayout()方法,一个是mWindowSession.addToDisplay方法,mWindowSession是系统服务WindowManagerService在应用程序中创建的代理对象,它最终会通过Binder跨进程调用WindowManagerService的addWindow()方法,然后增加窗口界面。
而requestLayout()方法里面则是进行具体界面绘制的关键方法。
*ViewRootImpl.java
@Override
public void requestLayout() {
if (!mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest) {
checkThread();
mLayoutRequested = true;
scheduleTraversals();
}
}
void scheduleTraversals() {
if (!mTraversalScheduled) {
mTraversalScheduled = true;
mTraversalBarrier = mHandler.getLooper().getQueue().postSyncBarrier();
mChoreographer.postCallback(
Choreographer.CALLBACK_TRAVERSAL, mTraversalRunnable, null);
if (!mUnbufferedInputDispatch) {
scheduleConsumeBatchedInput();
}
notifyRendererOfFramePending();
pokeDrawLockIfNeeded();
}
}
final TraversalRunnable mTraversalRunnable = new TraversalRunnable();
final class TraversalRunnable implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
doTraversal();
}
}
void doTraversal() {
if (mTraversalScheduled) {
mTraversalScheduled = false;
mHandler.getLooper().getQueue().removeSyncBarrier(mTraversalBarrier);
if (mProfile) {
Debug.startMethodTracing("ViewAncestor");
}
performTraversals();
if (mProfile) {
Debug.stopMethodTracing();
mProfile = false;
}
}
}
//真正执行UI绘制的遍历过程
private void performTraversals() {
// 代码省略
performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
performLayout(lp, desiredWindowWidth, desiredWindowHeight);
performDraw();
}
在requestLayout里面调用了scheduleTraversals()方法,在scheduleTraversals()方法里面开启了一个叫做TraversalRunnable的线程进行执行遍历,而在执行遍历的doTraversal()方法里面,它最终调用了performTraversals()方法,这个方法是最终的界面绘制的方法,这个方法实际上是调用了DecorView的measure、layout、draw方法进行View树绘制遍历。
总结
最后我们来总结下布局添加到Activity窗口的具体流程。