单例模式的作用：可以保证在程序运行过程，一个类只有一个实例，而且该实例易于供外界访问，从而方便地控制了实例个数，并节约系统资源。
单例模式的使用场合：在整个应用程序中，共享一份资源（这份资源只需要创建初始化1次）
ARC中，单例模式的实现
在.m中保留一个全局的static的实例
static id _instance;
重写allocWithZone:方法，在这里创建唯一的实例（注意线程安全）
+ (instancetype)allocWithZone:(struct _NSZone *)zone
{
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
_instance = [super allocWithZone:zone];
});
return _instance;}
提供1个类方法让外界访问唯一的实例
+ (instancetype)sharedInstance
{
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
_instance = [[self alloc] init];
});
return _instance;
}
实现copyWithZone:方法
- (id)copyWithZone:(struct _NSZone *)zone
{
return _instance;
}
单例模式通用宏
#define SingleH(name) +(instancetype)share##name;
#if __has_feature(objc_arc)
//条件满足 ARC
#define SingleM(name) static id _instance;\
+(instancetype)allocWithZone:(struct _NSZone *)zone\
{\
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;\
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{\
_instance = [super allocWithZone:zone];\
});\
\
return _instance;\
}\
\
+(instancetype)share##name\
{\
return [[self alloc]init];\
}\
\
-(id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone\
{\
return _instance;\
}\
\
-(id)mutableCopyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone\
{\
return _instance;\
}
#else
//MRC
#define SingleM(name) static id _instance;\
+(instancetype)allocWithZone:(struct _NSZone *)zone\
{\
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;\
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{\
_instance = [super allocWithZone:zone];\
});\
\
return _instance;\
}\
\
+(instancetype)share##name\
{\
return [[self alloc]init];\
}\
\
-(id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone\
{\
return _instance;\
}\
\
-(id)mutableCopyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone\
{\
return _instance;\
}\
-(oneway void)release\
{\
}\
\
-(instancetype)retain\
{\
return _instance;\
}\
\
-(NSUInteger)retainCount\
{\
return MAXFLOAT;\
}
#endif
