如果本机公钥和私钥是有密码的,需要重新生成,并且不去设置密码,否者免密登陆的时候,
远程主机不需要密码了,但是每次还有输入本机公钥私钥的密码,
我一开始本机公钥私钥是有密码的,于是就遇见这个问题了。
流程如下:
本机:
ssh-keygen -t rsa (连续三次回车,即在本地生成了公钥和私钥,不设置密码)
scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.60.110:~/
上面这一步可以随便指定一个文件夹
远程主机:
cat id_rsa.pub >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys (将id_rsa.pub的内容追加到authorized_keys 中)
OK,可以免密登陆了
免密登陆多个主机:
那就需要n对钥匙(密钥和公钥), ssh-keygen 命令可以随意更改钥匙对的名字, 比如:
# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): /root/.ssh/id_rsa_192.168.60.110
这样私钥和公钥的名字分别就是: id_rsa_192.168.60.110和 id_rsa_192.168.60.110.pub;然后将 id_rsa_192.168.60.110.pub 文件的内容, 追加到sever的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys文件中,最后, 在本地用ssh命令的 -i 参数指定本地密钥, 并登录:
# ssh -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa_192.168.60.110 someone@192.168.60.110
scp也是一样的
# scp -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa_192.168.60.110 filename someone@192.168.60.110:/home/someone
在文件.bashrc中加下两行,每次做同样的操作就不用敲入这样长的命令了:
alias sshcell='ssh -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa_192.168.60.110 someone@192.168.60.110'
alias scpcell='scp -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa_192.168.60.110 filename someone@192.168.60.110:/home/someone'
这样,直接键入一下指令实现ssh和scp自动登录:
# sshcell
# scpcell
其他的一些方法:
3. 自动ssh/scp脚本
如果需要从A,到B,然后才能够到C,那么需要ssh和scp两次,是比较麻烦的。
ssh自动登录:
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
set timeout 30
spawn ssh weiqiong@B
expect "password:"
send "pppppp\r"
expect "]*"
send "ssh weiqiong@C\r"
expect "password:"
send "pppppp\r"
interact
scp从A拷贝文件到C:
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
set timeout 300
set file [lindex $argv 0]
spawn scp $file weiqiong@B:/home/weiqiong
expect "password:"
send "pppppp\r"
expect "]*"
spawn ssh weiqiong@B
expect "password:"
send "pppppp\r"
expect "]*"
send "scp $file weiqiong@C:/home/weiqiong\r"
expect "password:"
send "pppppp\r"
expect "]*"
exit
interact
scp从C拷贝文件到A:
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
set timeout 300
set file [lindex $argv 0]
spawn ssh weiqiong@B
expect "password:"
send "pppppp\r"
expect "]*"
send "scp weiqiong@C:/home/weiqiong/$file .\r"
expect "password:"
send "pppppp\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"
expect "]*"
spawn scp weiqiong@B:/home/weiqiong/$file .
expect "password:"
send "pppppp\r"
interact
4. 建立ssh/scp通道
比如说我的机器是A,中间服务器为B,目标服务器是C
从A可以ssh到B,从B可以ssh到C,但是A不能直接ssh到C
现在展示利用ssh通道技术从A直接传输文件到C
1. ssh -L1234:C:22 userid@B
input B's password
(1234是本机A的空闲端口,该指令需要A机器上的root用户权限,实际上是在本机1234端口建立了一个通道)
2. 打开一个新的console,键入:
scp -P1234 filename userid@localhost:
input C's password