双向链表
拓展1:前一节点的next可以看成是下一节点,某节点的pre可以看成是上一节点(偶尔会把next和pre看成一条线)
先讲头插法,图片解释
尾插法,图片解释
插入操作,图片解释
删除操作,图片解释
无头节点版双链表:
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
typedef struct node
{
int data;
struct node* pre;
struct node* next;
}Node, * Link;
Link create()
{
Link head = (Link)malloc(sizeof(Node));
head->pre = NULL;
head->next = NULL;
return head;
}
void headadd(Link head, int newdata)
{
Link s = (Link)malloc(sizeof(Node));
s->data = newdata;
s->next = head->next;
s->pre = head;
if (head->next == NULL)
{
head->next = s;
}
else
{
head->next->pre = s;
head->next = s;
}
}
void tailadd(Link head, int newdata)
{
Link s = (Link)malloc(sizeof(Node));
Link r = head;
while (r->next)
{
r = r->next;
}
s->data = newdata;
s->next = NULL;
s->pre = r;
r->next = s;
r = s;
}
void insert(Link head,int i, int data)//i从head->next开始,i>=1
{
Link s = (Link)malloc(sizeof(Node));
Link p = head;
s->data = data;
for (int j = 1; j < i; j++)//找到插入位置i的前一个位置
{
p = p->next;
}
s->next = p->next;
s->pre = p;
p->next = s;
}
void del(Link head,int i)
{
Link p = head;
int j = 0;
for (int j = 1; j < i; j++)//找到删除位置i的前一个位置
{
p = p->next;
}
if (p->next->next == NULL)
{
free(p->next);//与下面两句不要弄错顺序,因为弄错顺序的意思不一样,如果先指空的话,程序还是没有释放掉该节点空间
p->next = NULL;
}
else
{
Link q = p->next;
q->next->pre = p;
p->next = q->next;
free(q);
}
}
void print(Link head)//打印和单链表一样,其实打印也就是比遍历多出一个cout那句
{
Link p = head->next;
while (p)
{
cout << p->data << " ";
p = p->next;
}
}
void destroy(Link head)//销毁和单链表一样
{
Link p = head;
Link q;
while (p)
{
q = p->next;//先保留下一点的地址
free(p);
p = q;//此时p已经移动到q的位置,有点像继承遗产
}
}
int main()
{
Link head = create();
int n0;//链表有值点个数
printf("输入链表所需的有效长度:");
scanf("%d", &n0);
for (int i = 0; i < n0; i++)
{
tailadd(head, 2*i);
}
cout << "初始时链表为这样:";
print(head);
cout << endl;
int n1;
printf("要插入的位置n1为(有值点下标从1开始):");
scanf("%d", &n1);
printf("要插入的元素n2为:");
int n2;
scanf("%d", &n2);
insert(head, n1, n2);
cout << "插入后链表为这样:";
print(head);
cout << endl;
int n3;
printf("要删除的位置n3(有值点下标从1开始):");
scanf("%d", &n3);
cout << "删除后链表为这样:";
del(head,n3);
print(head);
destroy(head);
return 0;
}
有头节点版双链表,就是Link create()多了个L,大部分功能函数的head改为了L
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
typedef struct node
{
int data;
struct node* pre;
struct node* next;
}Node, * Link;
Link create()
{
Link head = (Link)malloc(sizeof(Node));
Link L = (Link)malloc(sizeof(Node));
head->next = L;
L->pre = head;
L->next = NULL;
return head;
}
void headadd(Link L, int newdata)
{
Link s = (Link)malloc(sizeof(Node));
s->data = newdata;
s->next = L->next;
s->pre = L;
if (L->next == NULL)
{
L->next = s;
}
else
{
L->next->pre = s;
L->next = s;
}
}
void tailadd(Link L, int newdata)
{
Link s = (Link)malloc(sizeof(Node));
Link r = L;
while (r->next)
{
r = r->next;
}
s->data = newdata;
s->next = NULL;
s->pre = r;
r->next = s;
r = s;
}
void insert(Link head, int i, int data)//i从head->next开始,i>=1
{
Link s = (Link)malloc(sizeof(Node));
Link p = head;
s->data = data;
for (int j = 1; j < i; j++)//找到插入位置i的前一个位置
{
p = p->next;
}
s->next = p->next;
s->pre = p;
p->next = s;
}
void del(Link L, int i)
{
Link p = L;
int j = 0;
for (int j = 1; j < i; j++)//找到删除位置i的前一个位置
{
p = p->next;
}
if (p->next->next == NULL)
{
free(p->next);//与下面两句不要弄错顺序,因为弄错顺序的意思不一样,如果先指空的话,程序还是没有释放掉该节点空间
p->next = NULL;
}
else
{
Link q = p->next;
q->next->pre = p;
p->next = q->next;
free(q);
}
}
void print(Link L)//打印和单链表一样,其实打印也就是比遍历多出一个cout那句
{
Link p = L->next;
while (p)
{
cout << p->data << " ";
p = p->next;
}
}
void destroy(Link head)//销毁和单链表一样
{
Link p = head;
Link q;
while (p)
{
q = p->next;//先保留下一点的地址
free(p);
p = q;//此时p已经移动到q的位置,有点像继承遗产
}
}
int main()
{
Link head = create();
int n0;//链表有值点个数
printf("输入链表所需的有效长度:");
scanf("%d", &n0);
for (int i = 0; i < n0; i++)
{
tailadd(head->next, 2 * i);
}
cout << "初始时链表为这样:";
print(head->next);
cout << endl;
int n1;
printf("要插入的位置n1为(有值点下标从1开始):");
scanf("%d", &n1);
printf("要插入的元素n2为:");
int n2;
scanf("%d", &n2);
insert(head->next, n1, n2);
cout << "插入后链表为这样:";
print(head->next);
cout << endl;
int n3;
printf("要删除的位置n3(有值点下标从1开始):");
scanf("%d", &n3);
cout << "删除后链表为这样:";
del(head->next, n3);
print(head->next);
destroy(head->next);
return 0;
}
循环双链表
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
typedef struct node
{
int data;
struct node* pre;
struct node* next;
}Node, * Link;
Link create()
{
Link head = (Link)malloc(sizeof(Node));
head->pre = head;
head->next = head;
return head;
}
void tailadd(Link head)
{
Link r = head;
int flag = 1;
int c;
while (flag)
{
cin >> c;
if (c != -99999)
{
Link s = (Link)malloc(sizeof(Node));
s->data = c;
s->next = head;
s->pre = r;
r->next = s;
r = s;
}
else
{
flag = 0;
}
}
}
void headadd(Link head)
{
int flag = 1;
int c;
while (flag)
{
cin >> c;
if (c != -99999)
{
Link s = (Link)malloc(sizeof(Node));
s->data = c;
s->next = head->next;
s->pre = head;
if (head->next == NULL)
{
head->next = s;
}
else
{
head->next->pre = s;
head->next = s;
}
}
else
{
flag = 0;
}
}
}
void insert(Link head, int i, int data)//i从head->next开始,i>=1(同普通双链表)
{
Link s = (Link)malloc(sizeof(Node));
Link p = head;
s->data = data;
for (int j = 1; j < i; j++)//找到插入位置i的前一个位置
{
p = p->next;
}
s->next = p->next;
s->pre = p;
p->next = s;
}
void del(Link head, int i)
{
Link p = head;
int j = 0;
for (int j = 1; j < i; j++)//找到删除位置i的前一个位置
{
p = p->next;
}
Link q = p->next;
q->next->pre = p;
p->next = q->next;
free(q);
}
void print(Link head)//打印和单链表一样,其实打印也就是比遍历多出一个cout那句
{
Link p = head->next;
while (p!=head)
{
cout << p->data << " ";
p = p->next;
}
}
void destroy(Link head)//销毁和单链表有点不一样
{
Link p = head->next;
Link q;
while (p!=head)
{
q = p->next;//先保留下一点的地址
free(p);
p = q;//此时p已经移动到q的位置,有点像继承遗产
}
free(head);
}
int main()
{
cout << "开始初始化..............................................." << endl;
Link head = create();
cout << "初始化操作完毕!" << endl;
cout << "开始建表,请输入元素:(这里是尾插法建表,输入-99999结束建表)..........." << endl;
tailadd(head);
cout << "建表操作完毕!" << endl;
cout << "打印线性表中的所有数据:";
print(head);
cout << "-------------------------------------------------" << endl;
cout << "开始插入(在第6个位置插入81)............................" << endl;
insert(head, 6, 81);
cout << "插入操作完毕!" << endl;
cout << "打印线性表中的所有数据:";
print(head);
cout << "-------------------------------------------------" << endl;
cout << "开始删除(这里删除第2个元素)............................" << endl;
del(head, 2);
cout << "删除操作完毕!" << endl;
cout << "删除后打印线性表中的所有数据:";
print(head);
destroy(head);
return 0;
}