关键字：linux, 命令提示符, zsh, 禁用root, mysql, mongodb, redis, yum源, sed
- 修改命令提示符
- oh-my-zsh
- 禁用root账户，创建普通用户
- yum 安装 mysql
- 将 CentOS 的 yum 源更换为国内的清华大学源
- 将 CentOS 的 yum 源更换为国内的阿里云源 （或者）
- yum 安装 redis
- 跨服务器 copy：scp
- 配置 sftp 文件传输
- 替换文本内容
- 证书登录ssh（免密码）
- 安装 autojump（zsh）
yum install git -y
yum install zsh -y
1. 修改命令提示符
- Linux登录过程中加载配置文件顺序：
/etc/profile → /etc/profile.d/*.sh → ~/.bash_profile → ~/.bashrc → [/etc/bashrc]
- Linux修改环境变量PS1（命令行提示符），可以使用vi编辑/etc/profile文件，在最后加上：
export PS1='[/u@/h /W]/$ '
即可，其中/u显示当前用户账号，/h显示当前主机名，/W显示当前路径，/'符号
/W 代替 /w 就可以实现绝对路径到相对路径的转换
下面简单说说环境下默认的特殊符号所代表的意义：
\d ：代表日期，格式为weekday month date，例如："Mon Aug 1"
\H ：完整的主机名称。例如：我的机器名称为：fc4.linux，则这个名称就是fc4.linux
\h ：仅取主机的第一个名字，如上例，则为fc4，.linux则被省略
\t ：显示时间为24小时格式，如：HH：MM：SS
\T ：显示时间为12小时格式
\A ：显示时间为24小时格式：HH：MM
\u ：当前用户的账号名称
\v ：BASH的版本信息
\w ：完整的工作目录名称。家目录会以 ~代替
\W ：利用basename取得工作目录名称，所以只会列出最后一个目录
\# ：下达的第几个命令
\$ ：提示字符，如果是root时，提示符为：# ，普通用户则为：$
eg:
比如想改为下边这种样式：
[user@test-server ~]$ 普通用户模式
[root@test-server ~]# root 模式
则要在 /etc/profile 中添加：
export PS1='[\u@test-server \W]\$ '
额～～～，其实末尾还有一个空格的......
2. oh-my-zsh
zsh 是 类Unix 系统的一种Shell，Linux/Unix提供了很多种Shell。像 bash 啦，zsh 也是一种。据说是最牛B的一个。
查看系统中的 Shell
cat /etc/shells
/bin/sh
/bin/bash
/sbin/nologin
/usr/bin/sh
/usr/bin/bash
/usr/sbin/nologin
/bin/tcsh
/bin/csh
手动安装 oh-my-zsh
保存以下脚本为install.sh （2021-02-03）
并运行 sh install.sh
就不用科学上网了
#!/bin/sh
#
# This script should be run via curl:
# sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
# or via wget:
# sh -c "$(wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
# or via fetch:
# sh -c "$(fetch -o - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
#
# As an alternative, you can first download the install script and run it afterwards:
# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh
# sh install.sh
#
# You can tweak the install behavior by setting variables when running the script. For
# example, to change the path to the Oh My Zsh repository:
# ZSH=~/.zsh sh install.sh
#
# Respects the following environment variables:
# ZSH - path to the Oh My Zsh repository folder (default: $HOME/.oh-my-zsh)
# REPO - name of the GitHub repo to install from (default: ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh)
# REMOTE - full remote URL of the git repo to install (default: GitHub via HTTPS)
# BRANCH - branch to check out immediately after install (default: master)
#
# Other options:
# CHSH - 'no' means the installer will not change the default shell (default: yes)
# RUNZSH - 'no' means the installer will not run zsh after the install (default: yes)
# KEEP_ZSHRC - 'yes' means the installer will not replace an existing .zshrc (default: no)
#
# You can also pass some arguments to the install script to set some these options:
# --skip-chsh: has the same behavior as setting CHSH to 'no'
# --unattended: sets both CHSH and RUNZSH to 'no'
# --keep-zshrc: sets KEEP_ZSHRC to 'yes'
# For example:
# sh install.sh --unattended
# or:
# sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)" "" --unattended
#
set -e
# Track if $ZSH was provided
custom_zsh=${ZSH:+yes}
# Default settings
ZSH=${ZSH:-~/.oh-my-zsh}
REPO=${REPO:-ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh}
REMOTE=${REMOTE:-https://github.com/${REPO}.git}
BRANCH=${BRANCH:-master}
# Other options
CHSH=${CHSH:-yes}
RUNZSH=${RUNZSH:-yes}
KEEP_ZSHRC=${KEEP_ZSHRC:-no}
command_exists() {
command -v "$@" >/dev/null 2>&1
}
fmt_error() {
echo ${RED}"Error: $@"${RESET} >&2
}
fmt_underline() {
echo "$(printf '\033[4m')$@$(printf '\033[24m')"
}
fmt_code() {
echo "\`$(printf '\033[38;5;247m')$@${RESET}\`"
}
setup_color() {
# Only use colors if connected to a terminal
if [ -t 1 ]; then
RED=$(printf '\033[31m')
GREEN=$(printf '\033[32m')
YELLOW=$(printf '\033[33m')
BLUE=$(printf '\033[34m')
BOLD=$(printf '\033[1m')
RESET=$(printf '\033[m')
else
RED=""
GREEN=""
YELLOW=""
BLUE=""
BOLD=""
RESET=""
fi
}
setup_ohmyzsh() {
# Prevent the cloned repository from having insecure permissions. Failing to do
# so causes compinit() calls to fail with "command not found: compdef" errors
# for users with insecure umasks (e.g., "002", allowing group writability). Note
# that this will be ignored under Cygwin by default, as Windows ACLs take
# precedence over umasks except for filesystems mounted with option "noacl".
umask g-w,o-w
echo "${BLUE}Cloning Oh My Zsh...${RESET}"
command_exists git || {
fmt_error "git is not installed"
exit 1
}
if [ "$OSTYPE" = cygwin ] && git --version | grep -q msysgit; then
fmt_error "Windows/MSYS Git is not supported on Cygwin"
fmt_error "Make sure the Cygwin git package is installed and is first on the \$PATH"
exit 1
fi
git clone -c core.eol=lf -c core.autocrlf=false \
-c fsck.zeroPaddedFilemode=ignore \
-c fetch.fsck.zeroPaddedFilemode=ignore \
-c receive.fsck.zeroPaddedFilemode=ignore \
--depth=1 --branch "$BRANCH" "$REMOTE" "$ZSH" || {
fmt_error "git clone of oh-my-zsh repo failed"
exit 1
}
echo
}
setup_zshrc() {
# Keep most recent old .zshrc at .zshrc.pre-oh-my-zsh, and older ones
# with datestamp of installation that moved them aside, so we never actually
# destroy a user's original zshrc
echo "${BLUE}Looking for an existing zsh config...${RESET}"
# Must use this exact name so uninstall.sh can find it
OLD_ZSHRC=~/.zshrc.pre-oh-my-zsh
if [ -f ~/.zshrc ] || [ -h ~/.zshrc ]; then
# Skip this if the user doesn't want to replace an existing .zshrc
if [ $KEEP_ZSHRC = yes ]; then
echo "${YELLOW}Found ~/.zshrc.${RESET} ${GREEN}Keeping...${RESET}"
return
fi
if [ -e "$OLD_ZSHRC" ]; then
OLD_OLD_ZSHRC="${OLD_ZSHRC}-$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S)"
if [ -e "$OLD_OLD_ZSHRC" ]; then
fmt_error "$OLD_OLD_ZSHRC exists. Can't back up ${OLD_ZSHRC}"
fmt_error "re-run the installer again in a couple of seconds"
exit 1
fi
mv "$OLD_ZSHRC" "${OLD_OLD_ZSHRC}"
echo "${YELLOW}Found old ~/.zshrc.pre-oh-my-zsh." \
"${GREEN}Backing up to ${OLD_OLD_ZSHRC}${RESET}"
fi
echo "${YELLOW}Found ~/.zshrc.${RESET} ${GREEN}Backing up to ${OLD_ZSHRC}${RESET}"
mv ~/.zshrc "$OLD_ZSHRC"
fi
echo "${GREEN}Using the Oh My Zsh template file and adding it to ~/.zshrc.${RESET}"
sed "/^export ZSH=/ c\\
export ZSH=\"$ZSH\"
" "$ZSH/templates/zshrc.zsh-template" > ~/.zshrc-omztemp
mv -f ~/.zshrc-omztemp ~/.zshrc
echo
}
setup_shell() {
# Skip setup if the user wants or stdin is closed (not running interactively).
if [ $CHSH = no ]; then
return
fi
# If this user's login shell is already "zsh", do not attempt to switch.
if [ "$(basename -- "$SHELL")" = "zsh" ]; then
return
fi
# If this platform doesn't provide a "chsh" command, bail out.
if ! command_exists chsh; then
cat <<EOF
I can't change your shell automatically because this system does not have chsh.
${BLUE}Please manually change your default shell to zsh${RESET}
EOF
return
fi
echo "${BLUE}Time to change your default shell to zsh:${RESET}"
# Prompt for user choice on changing the default login shell
printf "${YELLOW}Do you want to change your default shell to zsh? [Y/n]${RESET} "
read opt
case $opt in
y*|Y*|"") echo "Changing the shell..." ;;
n*|N*) echo "Shell change skipped."; return ;;
*) echo "Invalid choice. Shell change skipped."; return ;;
esac
# Check if we're running on Termux
case "$PREFIX" in
*com.termux*) termux=true; zsh=zsh ;;
*) termux=false ;;
esac
if [ "$termux" != true ]; then
# Test for the right location of the "shells" file
if [ -f /etc/shells ]; then
shells_file=/etc/shells
elif [ -f /usr/share/defaults/etc/shells ]; then # Solus OS
shells_file=/usr/share/defaults/etc/shells
else
fmt_error "could not find /etc/shells file. Change your default shell manually."
return
fi
# Get the path to the right zsh binary
# 1. Use the most preceding one based on $PATH, then check that it's in the shells file
# 2. If that fails, get a zsh path from the shells file, then check it actually exists
if ! zsh=$(which zsh) || ! grep -qx "$zsh" "$shells_file"; then
if ! zsh=$(grep '^/.*/zsh$' "$shells_file" | tail -1) || [ ! -f "$zsh" ]; then
fmt_error "no zsh binary found or not present in '$shells_file'"
fmt_error "change your default shell manually."
return
fi
fi
fi
# We're going to change the default shell, so back up the current one
if [ -n "$SHELL" ]; then
echo $SHELL > ~/.shell.pre-oh-my-zsh
else
grep "^$USER:" /etc/passwd | awk -F: '{print $7}' > ~/.shell.pre-oh-my-zsh
fi
# Actually change the default shell to zsh
if ! chsh -s "$zsh"; then
fmt_error "chsh command unsuccessful. Change your default shell manually."
else
export SHELL="$zsh"
echo "${GREEN}Shell successfully changed to '$zsh'.${RESET}"
fi
echo
}
main() {
# Run as unattended if stdin is not a tty
if [ ! -t 0 ]; then
RUNZSH=no
CHSH=no
fi
# Parse arguments
while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
case $1 in
--unattended) RUNZSH=no; CHSH=no ;;
--skip-chsh) CHSH=no ;;
--keep-zshrc) KEEP_ZSHRC=yes ;;
esac
shift
done
setup_color
if ! command_exists zsh; then
echo "${YELLOW}Zsh is not installed.${RESET} Please install zsh first."
exit 1
fi
if [ -d "$ZSH" ]; then
echo "${YELLOW}The \$ZSH folder already exists ($ZSH).${RESET}"
if [ "$custom_zsh" = yes ]; then
cat <<EOF
You ran the installer with the \$ZSH setting or the \$ZSH variable is
exported. You have 3 options:
1. Unset the ZSH variable when calling the installer:
$(fmt_code "ZSH= sh install.sh")
2. Install Oh My Zsh to a directory that doesn't exist yet:
$(fmt_code "ZSH=path/to/new/ohmyzsh/folder sh install.sh")
3. (Caution) If the folder doesn't contain important information,
you can just remove it with $(fmt_code "rm -r $ZSH")
EOF
else
echo "You'll need to remove it if you want to reinstall."
fi
exit 1
fi
setup_ohmyzsh
setup_zshrc
setup_shell
printf "$GREEN"
cat <<'EOF'
__ __
____ / /_ ____ ___ __ __ ____ _____/ /_
/ __ \/ __ \ / __ `__ \/ / / / /_ / / ___/ __ \
/ /_/ / / / / / / / / / / /_/ / / /_(__ ) / / /
\____/_/ /_/ /_/ /_/ /_/\__, / /___/____/_/ /_/
/____/ ....is now installed!
EOF
cat <<EOF
Before you scream Oh My Zsh! please look over the ~/.zshrc file to select plugins, themes, and options.
• Follow us on Twitter: $(fmt_underline https://twitter.com/ohmyzsh)
• Join our Discord server: $(fmt_underline https://discord.gg/ohmyzsh)
• Get stickers, shirts, coffee mugs and other swag: $(fmt_underline https://shop.planetargon.com/collections/oh-my-zsh)
EOF
printf "$RESET"
if [ $RUNZSH = no ]; then
echo "${YELLOW}Run zsh to try it out.${RESET}"
exit
fi
exec zsh -l
}
main "$@"
3. 禁用 root 账户，创建普通用户
useradd 用户名 #创建新用户
passwd 用户名 #为该用户创建密码
编辑配置文件/etc/ssh/sshd_config 修改后面的yes 为 no 并且去掉前面的注释符.
#PermitRootLogin yes
为
PermitRootLogin no
重新启动 sshd 服务
service sshd restart
从此，root 账户再不能登录，世界和平......
4. yum 安装 MySQL （2016）
添加 mysql 仓库文件
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo
内容(2016)为：
[mysql57-community]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/6/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
创建文件/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql内容参考如下：
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: GnuPG v1.4.9 (SunOS)
mQGiBD4+owwRBAC14GIfUfCyEDSIePvEW3SAFUdJBtoQHH/nJKZyQT7h9bPlUWC3
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fw2vOUgCmYv2hW0hyDHuvYlQA/BThQoADgj8AW6/0Lo7V1W9/8VuHP0gQwCgvzV3
BqOxRznNCRCRxAuAuVztHRcEAJooQK1+iSiunZMYD1WufeXfshc57S/+yeJkegNW
hxwR9pRWVArNYJdDRT+rf2RUe3vpquKNQU/hnEIUHJRQqYHo8gTxvxXNQc7fJYLV
K2HtkrPbP72vwsEKMYhhr0eKCbtLGfls9krjJ6sBgACyP/Vb7hiPwxh6rDZ7ITnE
kYpXBACmWpP8NJTkamEnPCia2ZoOHODANwpUkP43I7jsDmgtobZX9qnrAXw+uNDI
QJEXM6FSbi0LLtZciNlYsafwAPEOMDKpMqAK6IyisNtPvaLd8lH0bPAnWqcyefep
rv0sxxqUEMcM3o7wwgfN83POkDasDbs3pjwPhxvhz6//62zQJ7Q2TXlTUUwgUmVs
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ExECACkCGyMGCwkIBwMCBBUCCAMEFgIDAQIeAQIXgAIZAQUCUwHUZgUJGmbLywAK
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yum list mysql*
会发现有很多
mysql-community-client.i686 5.7.16-1.el6 mysql57-community
mysql-community-client.x86_64 5.7.16-1.el6 mysql57-community
mysql-community-common.i686 5.7.16-1.el6 mysql57-community
mysql-community-common.x86_64 5.7.16-1.el6 mysql57-community
mysql-community-devel.i686 5.7.16-1.el6 mysql57-community
mysql-community-devel.x86_64 5.7.16-1.el6 mysql57-community
mysql-community-embedded.i686 5.7.16-1.el6 mysql57-community
mysql-community-embedded.x86_64 5.7.16-1.el6 mysql57-community
mysql-community-embedded-devel.i686 5.7.16-1.el6 mysql57-community
mysql-community-embedded-devel.x86_64 5.7.16-1.el6 mysql57-community
mysql-community-libs.i686 5.7.16-1.el6 mysql57-community
mysql-community-libs.x86_64 5.7.16-1.el6 mysql57-community
mysql-community-libs-compat.i686 5.7.16-1.el6 mysql57-community
mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 5.7.16-1.el6 mysql57-community
mysql-community-release.noarch el6-7 mysql57-community
mysql-community-server.x86_64 5.7.16-1.el6 mysql57-community
mysql-community-test.x86_64 5.7.16-1.el6 mysql57-community
安装 mysql-community-server
yum install mysql-community-server -y
如果不创建文件/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql，可能会提示文件不存在。
如果安装成功了，下一步，启动服务：
service mysqld start
sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
输出最后面的就是临时密码：
2016-11-07T07:36:40.581196Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 32p+a?cuiN6e
修改密码
用临时密码登录进入mysql，修改 root 临时密码：
SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('mypass');
授权外网访问
授权能够在任何 IP 使用用户（myuser）密码（mypassword）访问该mysql：
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'myuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypassword' WITH GRANT OPTION;
如果正常飘过，那么，大功告成～～
5.1. 将CentOS的yum源更换为国内的清华大学源
sudo sed -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' \
-e 's|^#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org|baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn|g' \
-i.bak \
/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*.repo
5.2. 将CentOS的yum源更换为国内的阿里云源
参考阿里云官方教程，仅供参考，可能有细微差别，请对应自己的电脑情况
先检查下wget安装没，下边要用...
wget
没有，先用 yum 安装一个：
yum install wget
备份原来的 yum 源，注意Centos.repo可能会有细微差别，对应自己电脑上的：
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/Centos.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/Centos.repo.backup
下载新的Centos.repo 到/etc/yum.repos.d/，这里是centos 7:
现在是这个了：
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
原来是这个，但是好像不能用了：
- 如果你用的 不是 阿里云服务器，运行下边这个:
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/Centos.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
- 如果你用的 是 阿里云服务器，运行下边这个:
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/Centos.repo http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
阿里云服务器那个，用内网，不耗流量
之后运行 yum makecache 生成缓存，然后就没然后了......
6. yum 安装 redis
redis 比较好安装，就是有一点不好，yum 的版本比较低。
这里安装的是 v2.8 但是官网是 v3.2 （2016）
安装：
yum install -y redis
启动服务：
service redis start
配置文件在：
/etc/redis.conf
修改配置文件：
bind 0.0.0.0 #外网访问
requirepass mypassword #访问密码
Easy :)
7. 跨服务器 copy： scp
拷贝文件夹 (包括文件夹本身)
scp -r /data/abc root@123.456.789.123:/data/abc
8. 配置 sftp 文件传输
9. linux 后台启动项目
nohup npm start >console.log 2>&1 &
其中 0、1、2分别代表如下含义：
0 – stdin (standard input)
1 – stdout (standard output)
2 – stderr (standard error)
nohup ... &
是让命令在后台执行
>console.log
是将信息输出到 console.log 日志中
2>&1
是将标准错误信息转变成标准输出，这样就可以将错误信息输出到 console.log 日志里面来。
10.替换文本内容
linux 下：
sed -i 's/oldstring/newstring/g' full-path-file
MacOS 下：
sed -i '' 's/oldstring/newstring/g' full-path-file
说明：
-i 为替换源文件参数，后面接备份文件后缀名，Linux可选，MacOS必选
11.证书登录ssh（免密码）
将本地 .pub 证书拷贝到服务器对应目录
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub user@123.456.789.123
12. 安装 autojump（zsh）
autojump
用法j your-path使用j命令跳转到指定的目录中
yum update -y
yum install autojump-zsh
如果上面的找不到 autojump-zsh 则需要手动安装
手动安装 autojump-zsh
拉取一份 autojump:
git clone git://github.com/wting/autojump.git
安装
cd autojump
./install.py
卸载
./uninstall.py
配置环境变量到 ~/.zshrc 文件中
[[ -s /root/.autojump/etc/profile.d/autojump.sh ]] && source /root/.autojump/etc/profile.d/autojump.sh
autoload -U compinit && compinit -u
然后重启终端窗口，或者运行 source ~/.zshrc
手动安装 autojump-zsh 结束
