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The vivid hues showcase soil composition and ancient volcanic history
生动的色调展示了土壤成分和古老的火山历史
An image of Earth's Moon taken by the Galileo spacecraft. The image shows the left side of the Moon. The surface is a mosaic of vivid colors ranging from blue, red, orange, pink, and light green.
The false-color mosaic shows how features on the Moon differ from each other because of its meteoric impacts and volcanic past. (NASA/JPL)
August 6, 2021
1989 年 10 月 18 日，美国宇航局发射了伽利略轨道飞行器。在研究木星及其众多卫星的途中，该轨道飞行器在 24 亿英里的太空之旅中取得了许多值得注意的发现，最终于 1995 年 12 月 7 日到达木星系统。 从1990 年用红外线对金星云进行成像到捕捉地球最接近的宇宙伙伴月球的北部地区，伽利略留下了令人印象深刻的遗产。
On October 18, 1989, NASA launched the Galileo orbiter spacecraft. On its way to study Jupiter and its many moons, the orbiter made numerous notable discoveries along the 2.4-billion-mile journey through space before finally reaching the Jovian system in December 7, 1995. From imaging Venus's clouds in infrared in 1990 to snapping the northern regions of Earth's closest cosmic companion, the moon, Galileo left behind an impressive legacy.
据Mashable India 的新闻工作人员报道，伽利略的图像继续引起公众的关注，包括分享到NASA 的 Instagram 页面的令人惊叹的假彩色马赛克图像，该图像在本周不到 24 小时内获得了近 250 万个赞。这张照片最初是在 1996 年发布的。
Galileo’s images continue to capture public attention, including a stunning, false-color mosaic image shared to NASA’s Instagram page that collected nearly 2.5 million likes in less than 24 hours this week, reports Mashable India's news staff. The photo was initially released in 1996.
美国宇航局根据伽利略在 1992 年 12 月 7 日飞越月球时拍摄的 53 张照片构建了几张假彩色马赛克图像。照片中的各种颜色引人注目，有助于研究人员了解月球的表面成分和火山历史，美国宇航局解释说在一份声明中。
NASA constructed several false-color mosaic images from a series of 53 photos Galileo took while zooming past the moon on December 7, 1992. The various colors in the pictures are striking and aid researchers in understanding the moon's surface composition and volcanic past, NASA explains in a statement.
月球上的火山活动发生在3 到 40 亿年前，但月球的火山活动与地球上看到的有很大不同。在月球上，火山活动受地表高度和地壳厚度控制。大多数火山活动发生在月球表面的撞击坑内。
Volcanism on the moon occurred 3 to 4 billion years ago, but the moon’s volcanic activity was very different from what is seen on Earth. On the moon, volcanism is controlled by surface elevation and crustal thickness. Most volcanic activity occurred inside impact craters on the moon's surface.
伽利略的成像系统使用三个光谱滤波器拍摄了生动的图像。假彩色马赛克突出了月球的各种地质特征，例如陨石撞击和过去的火山遗迹。根据美国宇航局的 Instagram帖子，围绕着图像底部的橙色椭圆形Mare Cirsium撞击盆地，明亮的粉红色到红色区域代表月球高地。月球上的高地由斜长岩组成，这是一种富含钙的白色岩石，当月球熔融物质以较慢的速度冷却时形成。
Galileo's imaging system took the vibrant images using three spectral filters. The false-color mosaic highlights the moon’s various geologic features, such as meteoric impacts and what’s left of its volcanic past. Surrounding the orange oval-shaped Mare Cirsium impact basin towards the bottom of the image, the bright pink to reddish areas represent lunar highlands, according to NASA's Instagram post. Highlands on the moon consist of anorthosite, a calcium-rich white rock that forms when molten lunar material cools at a slower rate.
图像中蓝色到橙色的阴影表示玄武岩熔岩流动的区域。例如，位于 Mare Cirsium 左侧的深蓝色斑点代表称为Mare Tranquillatis的特征。该地区也被称为宁静海，是阿波罗 11 号在月球任务期间着陆的地方，也是第一个人类在月球上的脚印所在的地方。Mare Tranquillatis 曾被认为是月球上海洋的残余物，它是一片光滑的平原，由 39 亿年前在一次巨大撞击后形成的玄武岩熔岩组成。撞击造成的陨石坑裂缝使玄武岩溢出到盆地中，形成了从地球上可见的黑点。
The blue to orange shades in the images indicate areas where basaltic lava flowed. For example, a dark blue spot located left of Mare Cirsium represents a feature called Mare Tranquillatis. The area, also known as the Sea of Tranquility, is where Apollo 11 landed during the lunar missions and where the first human footprints on the moon reside. Once thought to be a remanent of an ocean on the Moon, the Mare Tranquillatis is a smooth plain consisting of basaltic lavas that formed 3.9 billion years ago after an enormous impact. The crack in the crater from the impact allowed basalts to spill into the basin, creating the dark spots visible from Earth.
深蓝色区域比其上方的绿色和橙色区域富含钛。根据美国宇航局的 Instagram 帖子，浅蓝色到浅绿色的稀薄矿物质或土壤是最近小行星或陨石撞击的结果。在图像中，年轻的陨石坑有蓝色射线从它们延伸出来。
The dark blue area is richer in titanium than the green and orange areas above it. Thin minerals or soils seen in light blue to light green colors are a result of recent asteroid or meteorite impacts, per NASA's Instagram post. In the image, younger craters have blue rays extending from them.
伽利略任务于 2003 年 9 月 23 日结束，当时它坠入木星的大气层，以防止撞击木星卫星欧罗巴。据Mashable India报道，目前，2011 年发射的朱诺号航天器正在围绕这颗气态巨行星运行，以帮助研究人员了解太阳系的起源。
The Galileo mission ended on September 23, 2003, when it plunged into Jupiter's atmosphere to prevent impacting the Jovian moon Europa. Currently, the Juno spacecraft launched in 2011 is orbiting the gas giant to help researchers understand the solar system's origins, reports Mashable India.
