1.Android文档里AccessibilityService简介
辅助功能只在帮助残障人士使用Android设备和app的时候使用。
服务进程被杀掉后,下次启动,需再次申请权限
2.实现辅助功能服务
实现辅助功能,需要实现AccessibilityService类,并重写onAccessibilityEvent和onInterrupt方法。
代码:
public class AccessibilityTestService extends AccessibilityService {
@Override
public void onAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent event) {
String packageName = event.getPackageName().toString();
int eventType = event.getEventType();
Log.i("accessibility", "packageName = " + packageName + " eventType = " + eventType);
}
@Override
public void onInterrupt() {
}
}
开启服务权限后运行,不同页面,打印不同的packageName和eventType
结果:
packageName = com.android.mms eventType = 2048
packageName = com.miui.home eventType = 32
packageName = com.miui.home eventType = 1
packageName = com.android.camera eventType = 2048
packageName = com.android.camera eventType = 32
packageName = com.android.camera eventType = 2048
packageName = com.android.camera eventType = 2048
packageName = com.miui.home eventType = 32
packageName = com.miui.securitycenter eventType = 64
packageName = com.android.systemui eventType = 2048
3.注册服务
在AndroidManifest中注册服务完成配置。
代码:
<service
android:name=".android.accessibility.AccessibilityTestService"
android:exported="true"
android:label="@string/testAccessibility"
android:permission="android.permission.BIND_ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.accessibilityservice.AccessibilityService" />
</intent-filter>
<meta-data
android:name="android.accessibilityservice"
android:resource="@xml/accessibility_config" />
</service>
label标签是在申请权限的设置页面显示该服务的名字。其中需要的permission和<intent-filter>是必须的,缺少任何一个系统个都会无视这个服务。<meta-data>是该服务的一些配置,在xml路径下。
配置文件代码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<accessibility-service xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:accessibilityEventTypes="typeAllMask"
android:accessibilityFeedbackType="feedbackGeneric"
android:accessibilityFlags="flagReportViewIds"
android:canRetrieveWindowContent="true"
android:description="@string/accessibility_desc"
android:notificationTimeout="100" />
其中accessibilityFlags是一些额外声明,如果代码重要获取View的ID(通过调用AccessibilityNodeInfo的getViewIdResourceName()方法),就必须加上权限flagReportViewIds。
4.跳转设置页面开启服务
先判断是否开启服务
if (!OpenAccessibilitySettingHelper.isAccessibilitySettingsOn(this,
AccessibilityTestService.class.getName())) {// 判断服务是否开启
OpenAccessibilitySettingHelper.jumpToSettingPage(this);// 跳转到开启页面
} else {
ToastUtil.showShortToast(this, "服务已开启");
//do other things...
}
OpenAccessibilitySettingHelper类:
public class OpenAccessibilitySettingHelper {
//跳转到设置页面无障碍服务开启自定义辅助功能服务
public static void jumpToSettingPage(Context context) {
Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_ACCESSIBILITY_SETTINGS);
intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
context.startActivity(intent);
}
//判断自定义辅助功能服务是否开启
public static boolean isAccessibilitySettingsOn(Context context, String className) {
if (context == null) {
return false;
}
ActivityManager activityManager = (ActivityManager) context.getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
if (activityManager != null) {
List<ActivityManager.RunningServiceInfo> runningServices =
activityManager.getRunningServices(100);// 获取正在运行的服务列表
if (runningServices.size() < 0) {
return false;
}
for (int i = 0; i < runningServices.size(); i++) {
ComponentName service = runningServices.get(i).service;
if (service.getClassName().equals(className)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
} else {
return false;
}
}
}
5.辅助功能具体实现类
模拟的一些点击,退出,拖动,获取界面信息等具体的实现方法,主要是通过节点查找,找到要操作的控件。
首先要在实现的AccessibilityTestService中重写的onAccessibilityEvent方法中和event绑定。
AccessibilityOperator.getInstance().updateEvent(this, event);
1
updateEvent方法
public void updateEvent(AccessibilityService service, AccessibilityEvent event) {
if (service != null && mAccessibilityService == null) {
mAccessibilityService = service;
}
if (event != null) {
mAccessibilityEvent = event;
}
}
根据text搜索所有符合的节点
public List<AccessibilityNodeInfo> findNodesByText(String text) {
AccessibilityNodeInfo nodeInfo = getRootNodeInfo();
if (nodeInfo != null) {
Log.i("accessibility", "getClassName:" + nodeInfo.getClassName());
Log.i("accessibility", "getText:" + nodeInfo.getText());
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2) {
//需要在xml文件中声明权限android:accessibilityFlags="flagReportViewIds"
// 并且版本大于4.3 才能获取到view 的 ID
Log.i("accessibility", "getClassName:" + nodeInfo.getViewIdResourceName());
}
return nodeInfo.findAccessibilityNodeInfosByText(text);
}
return null;
}
根据ID搜索所有符合的节点
public List<AccessibilityNodeInfo> findNodesById(String viewId) {
AccessibilityNodeInfo nodeInfo = getRootNodeInfo();
if (nodeInfo != null) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 18) {
return nodeInfo.findAccessibilityNodeInfosByViewId(viewId);
}
}
return null;
}
获取跟节点
private AccessibilityNodeInfo getRootNodeInfo() {
AccessibilityEvent curEvent = mAccessibilityEvent;
AccessibilityNodeInfo nodeInfo = null;
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 16) {
if (mAccessibilityService != null) {
nodeInfo = mAccessibilityService.getRootInActiveWindow();
}
} else {
nodeInfo = curEvent.getSource();
}
return nodeInfo;
}
模拟点击
private boolean performClick(List<AccessibilityNodeInfo> nodeInfos) {
if (nodeInfos != null && !nodeInfos.isEmpty()) {
AccessibilityNodeInfo node;
for (int i = 0; i < nodeInfos.size(); i++) {
node = nodeInfos.get(i);
// 获得点击View的类型
Log.i("accessibility", "getClassName:" + node.getClassName());
// 进行模拟点击
if (node.isEnabled()) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN) {
return node.performAction(AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_CLICK);
}
}
}
}
return false;
}
模拟退出键
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN)
public boolean clickBackKey() {
return mAccessibilityService.performGlobalAction(AccessibilityService.GLOBAL_ACTION_BACK);
}
需要调用的地方直接获取AccessibilityOperator实例,获取到需要操作的节点后调用模拟方法。
6.通过Android Device Monitor来直接获取界面中View的ID
如图所示,打开Android Device Monitor
可能会有报错信息,因为AndroidStudio自动默认选的是64位的环境,如果出错的话,可直接在该运行程序的目录手动开启
默认打开的是64位的,可手动打开第一个。
然后选中连接的模拟器,点击方框的按钮后,可以将手机当前页面的布局框架加载进来。
点击布局上需要获取resourceid的view 后,会出现该view的id,但是有些view没有id,代码里获取的也是null,例如GooglePlay里某个应用的安装按钮就没有resourceid。但是他的父布局是有resourceid的,可以利用获取父布局的节点,再获取该父布局的某个子节点。
获取某个节点的某个子节点代码:
private AccessibilityNodeInfo getChildNodeInfos(String id, int childIndex) {
List<AccessibilityNodeInfo> listChatRecord = findNodesById(id);
if (listChatRecord == null || listChatRecord.size() == 0) {
return null;
}
AccessibilityNodeInfo parentNode = listChatRecord.get(0);//该节点
int count = parentNode.getChildCount();
Log.i("accessibility", "子节点个数 " + count);
return childIndex < count ? parentNode.getChild(childIndex) : null;
}