Liu Qiang Dong, CEO of JD.com, explained to the audiences the way of developing people in his company. He disliked the chicken soup for entrepreneur: “Today I will NOT sell you any chicken soups, especially inspire you to be an entrepreneur. Because if your passion comes from others motivation, I think it is quite scary. Passion from your heart inside,NOT from others words outside.”
Chart #1: Competency and Value system
This chart is the core chart for talent recruitment, development and discharge among 75,000 employees in JD. Based on this chart, all employees could be sorted by:
1. Scrap metal: ordinary competency with mismatched value.
Instead of Competency assessment by numbers, Value can only be judged by matching. Any organization must has values, which is core part of company culture.
Scrap metal will not be employed by JD, because JD believes "Value first, Competency second" which will be judged by questionnaire and daily behavior.
2. Iron: good matching of value, lack of competency.
For those Irons, at least one chance including job rotation or training will be provided to find out the right fit within company. Otherwise they have to go. As mentioned by Liu: JD is not a charity institute; we have to survive.
3. Gold/Steel: Backbone and Leaders.
80 to 90 High scores are called "Steel", around 80% of employees belong to this group as the backbones of JD.
Very high matching of value with extraordinary competency, are called "Gold", 20% JD employees belong to this group and lead the company for continuous success.
4. Rust: High competency, no matching of value.
Liu has no tolerance for them. They can make things happen, but can also make mistakes worse.
Chart #2 HR ABC
HR ABC Chart to answer the questions of empowerment.
ABC means C reports to B, and B reports to A based on supervisory level. Salary raise, discharge, bonus and shares will be mutually decided by A and B.
Chart #3 8120
8120 Chart means the best reporting numbers for middle to top management are 8 to 12 persons. If more than 12, a new role need to be created in same level. For grass-root leaders, more than 20 persons will be desired.
Liu believes management will have enough time to do strategy planning with 8 to 12 persons scope. in the meantime, 20:1 ratio will help reduce the organizational redundancy in grass-root level.
Chart #4 2N
The last chart is "2N" which means two “NO” scenarios.
1st NO: The new hire is only allowed to have one referral from previous employee.
2nd NO: All management staff has to spend one year to develop the capable successor. He has to resign if fails to find such candidate within two years time frame.
the first NO will leave no room for cliques and factions; the second will prevent the firm from immobilization due to one senior executive leave.
Finally Liu highlighted: Any company failure absolutely is not contributed by monetary reasons, but the team instead. We never blame the fierce competition, policy or market factors, we always identity the root cause from people.
原文参考:
京东集团首席执行官刘强东在京东股权众筹业务正式上线之际,在活动现场给嘉宾们详解了京东的用人之道。他鄙视创业鸡汤:“今天不会跟大家讲任何心灵鸡汤,特别是鼓励创业的话。如果有创业者的激情需要来自别人的鼓励的话,我认为是很可怕的。激情永远来源于自己,而不是别人的鼓励。”
80%的钢加20%的金子
据刘强东介绍,京东目前已经有7.5万名员工,管理这么多人是个大难题。在京东内部有一张表格,叫“能力价值观体系”,选人、留人、辞人都要以此为依据。按照这张表格,所有的员工都可以分为以下几类:
1,能力一般,价值观不匹配,叫“废铁”。能力即业绩、绩效,可以用分数衡量,但价值观不用分数点评,而是看匹配度。“任何一家公司都要提出你的价值观是什么,这是企业文化的核心部分。”
刘强东介绍,京东考核员工的能力和价值观的途径有两个:问卷测试和日常行为观察。在重要性上,京东认为“价值观第一,能力第二”。对于“废铁”,京东会选择不录用或者弃用。
2,价值观非常匹配,能力不达标,叫“铁”。对待这类员工,京东会给予至少一次转岗机会,通过调岗或者培训,发掘他们的擅长领域。如果依然不达标,就会被请走。刘强东有言:“公司不是慈善机构,同样面临生存压力。”
3,能力和价值观都在80分到90分之间,叫“钢”。京东80%的员工属于此列,是公司的支柱。
4,价值观匹配度极高,能力极强,叫“金子”。在京东内部此类员工占到20%,是带领公司不断进取的那群人。
5,能力非常强,价值观不匹配,叫“铁锈”。刘强东认为,铁锈往往最让企业老板们头疼,因为这类人能力极强,能出业绩,不犯错误的时候什么都好,但出问题时具有腐蚀性和煽动力。对于“铁锈”,刘强东的态度是坚决不留,他笑称“希特勒是全世界最大的铁锈”。
在京东,中高级管理人员都要做360度考核,考核对象包括:一年连续四个季度的业绩得分,对同级别、上级和下级的访谈,以及无记名打分投票,行为等等。为什么金子是20%,钢是80%?刘强东认为,金子太多意味着结构不稳定,会影响公司发展,毕竟公司的薪水和空间都是有限的。当然,金子太少也容易出问题。“二八规则是存在的,人才结构方面,80%的钢加20%的金子,是相对稳定的团队结构。”
此外,A和B对C进行职务变动时,还要接受HR自始至终的监督。京东内部的第三张表格叫“8120”。所谓的8120原则,就是一个中高级管理人员最佳的下属人数是8到12个人,超过12个人就要考虑增设平级的岗位;对于基层管理人员来说,每个主管管理的人员则不得低于20个。刘强东认为,8到12这个数字区间可以让管理人员既有时间思考战略,又不过分清闲。而让基层管理人员必须管理20个人以上,则可以避免公司人浮于事,官多兵少。
ABC+8120+2N
有了金子和钢,还需要掌控好授权。谁管谁、怎么管,这是个问题。京东内部的另一张表格叫“HR ABC”。所谓的ABC原则,就是按照级别C向B汇报,B向A汇报。C的加薪、辞退、奖金和股权等等都由A和B一起来决定,避免一个人说了算。以刘强东为例,他只管集团副总裁和子公司副总裁,而不会管到总监级别的升职、授权、辞退等等。
此外,A和B对C进行职务变动时,还要接受HR自始至终的监督。京东内部的第三张表格叫“8120”。所谓的8120原则,就是一个中高级管理人员最佳的下属人数是8到12个人,超过12个人就要考虑增设平级的岗位;对于基层管理人员来说,每个主管管理的人员则不得低于20个。刘强东认为,8到12这个数字区间可以让管理人员既有时间思考战略,又不过分清闲。而让基层管理人员必须管理20个人以上,则可以避免公司人浮于事,官多兵少。
最后一张表叫“2N”。所谓的2N原则,即京东会对两件事说NO:第一件,加入京东的员工最多只能从原单位带一个人过来,如果人多,只能去别的部门。“很多公司为了招人省力,一个部门来一个头,会带很多原部门的人过来。等头走的时候,发现那些人也都跟着走了。这样是非常可怕的。”刘强东表示。
第二个NO:京东会要求所有的管理人员花一年去培养一个随时能接替自己的人。如果两年时间还未找到,则必须离职。
第一个NO是为了避免公司高管拉帮结派,第二个NO则是要保证公司业务不会因为一个高管离职就面临瘫痪。
刘强东说,“如果一家公司失败了,绝对不是因为钱的问题,而是团队出了问题。公司成功和失败永远在于团队,我们从来不想竞争激烈、政策因素、市场因素,我们从来只找人的原因。”
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