1.了解每张表记录的数据内容
分模块的对每张表记录的内筒进行分析,相当于在学习系统需求(功能)的过程
2.每张表重要字段的设置
非空字段、外键字段
3.数据库级别表一表之间的关系
外键关系
4.表与表之间的业务关系
一定要建立在某个也无意义基础上去分析,先分析在数据库级别有关系的两表间的业务关系,再分析数据库级别没有关系的表之间是否有关系
案例:
用户表user:记录了购买商品的用户信息
订单表orders:记录了用户创建的订单(购买商品的订单)
订单详情表orderdetail:记录了订单信息商品信息
商品表items:记录了商品信息
表与表之间的业务关系:
user和orders:
user---->orders:一个用户可以创建多个订单,一对多
orders---->user:一个订单只由一个用户创建,一对一
orders和orderdetail:
orders---->orderdetail:一个订单可以包括多个订单详情(一个订单可以购买多个商品),一对多
orderdetail---->orders:一个订单详情只能包括在一个订单中,一对一
orderdetail和items:
orderdetail---->items:一个订单详情只对应一个商品,一对一
items---->orderdetail:一个商品可以包括在多个订单商品中,一对多
orders和items(通过orderdetail判断):
items---->orders:一对多
orders---->items:一对多
orders和items是多对多的关系
user和items:多对多
高级查询:
1.一对一
需求:查询订单信息,关联查询创建订单的用户信息
1.1resultType
1.1.1sql语句:
确定查询的主表:orders
确定查询的关联表:user
SELECT orders.* ,
`user`.username,
`user`.sex,
`user`.address
FROM orders,user WHERE orders.user_id=`user`.id
1.1.2创建pojo
将上面sql查询的结果映射到pojo中,pojo中必须包含所有查询列名
原始的orders.java不能映射全部字段,需要新创建的pojo
创建一个pojo继承包括查询字段较多的po类
package cn.ztc.mybatis.po;
//通过此类映射订单关联用户的查询结果
public class OrdersCustom extends Orders{
private String username;
private String sex;
private String address;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
}
OrdersCustomMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!-- 使用mapper代理的方法,namespace等于mapper接口的地址 -->
<mapper namespace="cn.ztc.mybatis.mapper.OrdersCustomMapper">
<select id="findOrdersUser" resultType="cn.ztc.mybatis.po.OrdersCustom">
SELECT orders.* ,
`user`.username,
`user`.sex,
`user`.address
FROM orders,user WHERE orders.user_id=`user`.id
</select>
</mapper>```
OrdersCustomMapper.java
package cn.ztc.mybatis.mapper;
import java.util.List;
import cn.ztc.mybatis.po.OrdersCustom;
public interface OrdersCustomMapper {
public List<OrdersCustom> findOrdersUser()throws Exception;
}
junit测试类
package cn.ztc.mybatis.mapper;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import cn.ztc.mybatis.po.OrdersCustom;
public class OrdersCustomMapperTest {
private SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
//此方法在执行testFindUserById方法之前执行
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception{
String resource = "SqlMapConfig.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
}
@Test
public void testFindOrdersUser() throws Exception {
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//创建代理对象
OrdersCustomMapper OrdersCustomMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(OrdersCustomMapper.class);
List<OrdersCustom> list = OrdersCustomMapper.findOrdersUser();
System.out.println(list);
sqlSession.close();
}
}
1.2resultMap
使用resultMap将查询到的订单信息映射到Orders对象中,在Orders对象中添加User属性,将关联查询出来的用户信息映射到Orders对象中添加User属性中
1.2.1sql语句
1.2.2在Orders对象中添加User属性
1.2.3mapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="cn.ztc.mybatis.mapper.OrdersCustomMapper">
<resultMap type="cn.ztc.mybatis.po.Orders" id="OrdersUserResultMap">
<id column="id" property="id"/>
<result column="user_id" property="userId"/>
<result column="number" property="number"/>
<result column="createtime" property="createtime"/>
<result column="note" property="note"/>
<association property="user" javaType="cn.ztc.mybatis.po.User">
<id column="user_id" javaType="id"/>
<result column="username" property="username"/>
<result column="sex" property="sex"/>
<result column="address" property="address"/>
</association>
</resultMap>
<!-- resultType -->
<select id="findOrdersUser" resultType="cn.ztc.mybatis.po.OrdersCustom">
SELECT orders.* ,
`user`.username,
`user`.sex,
`user`.address
FROM orders,user WHERE orders.user_id=`user`.id
</select>
<!-- resultMap -->
<select id="findOrdersUserResultMap" resultMap="OrdersUserResultMap">
SELECT orders.* ,
`user`.username,
`user`.sex,
`user`.address
FROM orders,user WHERE orders.user_id=`user`.id
</select>
</mapper>```
1.2.4mapper.java
package cn.ztc.mybatis.mapper;
import java.util.List;
import cn.ztc.mybatis.po.*;
public interface OrdersCustomMapper {
public List<OrdersCustom> findOrdersUser()throws Exception;
public List<Orders> findOrdersUserResultMap()throws Exception;
}
实现一对一查询:
使用resultType较为简单,只需在pojo扩展类中添加列名对应的属性
使用resultMap,需要在mapper.xml中单独定义resultMap
resultMap可以实现延迟加载,resultType无法实现延迟加载
2.一对多
需求:查询订单关联订单详情
resultMap
sql语句:
主查询表:订单表
关联查询表:订单详情表
在orders表中添加List<OrderDetail> orderDetails属性
mapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!-- 使用mapper代理的方法,namespace等于mapper接口的地址 -->
<mapper namespace="cn.ztc.mybatis.mapper.OrdersCustomMapper">
<!-- 订单关联查询用户的resultMap -->
<resultMap type="cn.ztc.mybatis.po.Orders" id="OrdersUserResultMap">
<!-- 配置映射的订单信息 -->
<id column="id" property="id"/>
<result column="user_id" property="userId"/>
<result column="number" property="number"/>
<result column="createtime" property="createtime"/>
<result column="note" property="note"/>
<!-- 配置映射的用户信息 -->
<!-- association用于关联查询单个对象的信息
property要讲关联查询的用户信息映射到Orders的哪个属性
-->
<association property="user" javaType="cn.ztc.mybatis.po.User">
<id column="user_id" property="id"/>
<result column="username" property="username"/>
<result column="sex" property="sex"/>
<result column="address" property="address"/>
</association>
</resultMap>
<!-- 使用extends就不用配置订单信息和用户信息的映射 -->
<resultMap type="cn.ztc.mybatis.po.Orders" id="OrdersAndOrderDetailResultMap" extends="OrdersUserResultMap">
<!-- 订单信息 -->
<!-- 配置映射的用户信息 -->
<!-- association用于关联查询单个对象的信息
property要讲关联查询的用户信息映射到Orders的哪个属性
-->
<!-- 订单详情信息
collection关联查询多条记录映射到对象中
映射到集合中pojo的类型
-->
<collection property="orderdetails" ofType="cn.ztc.mybatis.po.Orderdetail">
<id column="detailId" property="id"/>
<result column="items_id" property="itemsId"/>
<result column="items_num" property="itemsNum"/>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<!-- resultType -->
<select id="findOrdersUser" resultType="cn.ztc.mybatis.po.OrdersCustom">
SELECT orders.* ,
`user`.username,
`user`.sex,
`user`.address
FROM orders,user WHERE orders.user_id=`user`.id
</select>
<!-- resultMap -->
<select id="findOrdersUserResultMap" resultMap="OrdersUserResultMap">
SELECT orders.* ,
`user`.username,
`user`.sex,
`user`.address
FROM orders,user WHERE orders.user_id=`user`.id
</select>
<select id="findOrdersAndOrderDetailResultMap" resultMap="OrdersAndOrderDetailResultMap">
SELECT orders.* ,
`user`.username,
`user`.sex,
`user`.address,
orderdetail.id detailId,
orderdetail.items_id,
orderdetail.items_num
FROM orders,user,orderdetail
WHERE orders.user_id=`user`.id and orderdetail.orders_id=orders.id
</select>
</mapper>```
mapper.java
package cn.ztc.mybatis.mapper;
import java.util.List;
import cn.ztc.mybatis.po.*;
public interface OrdersCustomMapper {
public List<OrdersCustom> findOrdersUser()throws Exception;
public List<Orders> findOrdersUserResultMap()throws Exception;
public List<Orders> findOrdersAndOrderDetailResultMap()throws Exception;
}
3.多对多
需求:查询用户关联商品信息
主表:用户表
关联表:orders、orderdetail、items
在user类中添加List<Orders> orderslist属性
在Orders类中添加List<Orderdetail> Orderdetaillist属性
在Orderdetail中添加items属性
mapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="cn.ztc.mybatis.mapper.OrdersCustomMapper">
<resultMap type="cn.ztc.mybatis.po.Orders" id="OrdersUserResultMap">
<id column="id" property="id"/>
<result column="user_id" property="userId"/>
<result column="number" property="number"/>
<result column="createtime" property="createtime"/>
<result column="note" property="note"/>
<association property="user" javaType="cn.ztc.mybatis.po.User">
<id column="user_id" property="id"/>
<result column="username" property="username"/>
<result column="sex" property="sex"/>
<result column="address" property="address"/>
</association>
</resultMap>
<resultMap type="cn.ztc.mybatis.po.Orders" id="OrdersAndOrderDetailResultMap" extends="OrdersUserResultMap">
<!-- 配置映射的用户信息 -->
<!-- association用于关联查询单个对象的信息
property要讲关联查询的用户信息映射到Orders的哪个属性
-->
<!-- 订单详情信息
collection关联查询多条记录映射到对象中
映射到集合中pojo的类型
-->
<collection property="orderdetails" ofType="cn.ztc.mybatis.po.Orderdetail">
<id column="detailId" property="id"/>
<result column="items_id" property="itemsId"/>
<result column="items_num" property="itemsNum"/>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<resultMap type="cn.ztc.mybatis.po.User" id="UserAndItemsResultMap">
<!-- user信息 -->
<id column="user_id" property="id"/>
<result column="username" property="username"/>
<result column="sex" property="sex"/>
<result column="address" property="address"/>
<!-- orders信息 -->
<collection property="ordersList" ofType="cn.ztc.mybatis.po.Orders">
<id column="id" property="id"/>
<result column="user_id" property="userId"/>
<result column="number" property="number"/>
<result column="createtime" property="createtime"/>
<result column="note" property="note"/>
<!-- 订单详情 -->
<collection property="orderdetails" ofType="cn.ztc.mybatis.po.Orderdetail">
<id column="detailId" property="id"/>
<result column="items_id" property="itemsId"/>
<result column="items_num" property="itemsNum"/>
<!-- 商品信息 -->
<association property="items" javaType="cn.ztc.mybatis.po.Items">
<id column="items_id" property="id"/>
<result column="items_name" property="name"/>
<result column="items_detail" property="detail"/>
<result column="items_price" property="price"/>
</association>
</collection>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<!-- resultType -->
<select id="findOrdersUser" resultType="cn.ztc.mybatis.po.OrdersCustom">
SELECT orders.* ,
`user`.username,
`user`.sex,
`user`.address
FROM orders,user WHERE orders.user_id=`user`.id
</select>
<!-- resultMap -->
<select id="findOrdersUserResultMap" resultMap="OrdersUserResultMap">
SELECT orders.* ,
`user`.username,
`user`.sex,
`user`.address
FROM orders,user WHERE orders.user_id=`user`.id
</select>
<select id="findOrdersAndOrderDetailResultMap" resultMap="OrdersAndOrderDetailResultMap">
SELECT orders.* ,
`user`.username,
`user`.sex,
`user`.address,
orderdetail.id detailId,
orderdetail.items_id,
orderdetail.items_num
FROM orders,user,orderdetail
WHERE orders.user_id=`user`.id and orderdetail.orders_id=orders.id
</select>
<select id="findUserAndItemsResultMap" resultMap="UserAndItemsResultMap">
SELECT orders.* ,
`user`.username,
`user`.sex,
`user`.address,
orderdetail.id detailId,
orderdetail.items_id,
orderdetail.items_num,
items.name items_name,
items.detail items_detail,
items.price items_price
FROM orders,user,orderdetail,items
WHERE orders.user_id=`user`.id and orderdetail.orders_id=orders.id and orderdetail.items_id=items.id
</select>
</mapper>```
mapper.java
package cn.ztc.mybatis.mapper;
import java.util.List;
import cn.ztc.mybatis.po.*;
public interface OrdersCustomMapper {
public List<OrdersCustom> findOrdersUser()throws Exception;
public List<Orders> findOrdersUserResultMap()throws Exception;
public List<Orders> findOrdersAndOrderDetailResultMap()throws Exception;
public List<User> findUserAndItemsResultMap()throws Exception;
}