12.ansible模块查看和帮助*****
查找模块
ansible-doc -l #模块就Linux命令了。
查看某个模块的具体参数帮助
ansible-doc -s command #Linux命令参数
12.1 command模块 *****
1)功能说明:
command Executes a command on a remote node
功能说明:执行一个命令在远程节点上
操作实践:
ansible oldboy -m command -a "free -m"
ansible oldboy -m command -a "df -h"
ansible oldboy -m command -a "ls /root"
ansible oldboy -m command -a "cat redhat-release"
ansible oldboy -m command -a "cat /etc/redhat-release"
最通用的功能。
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m command -a "cat /etc/redhat-release"
172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
[root@m01 ~]# cat /server/scripts/cmd.sh
for n in 31 41
do
echo "=====172.16.1.$n======"
ssh 172.16.1.$n "$1"
done
[root@m01 ~]# sh /server/scripts/cmd.sh "cat /etc/redhat-release"
=====172.16.1.31======
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
=====172.16.1.41======
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
特殊:不支持的东西,例如 > < | &等 $HOME,替代方案用shell模块
ansible oldboy -m shell -a "ps -ef|grep ssh"
ansible oldboy -m shell -a "echo oldboy >/tmp/a.log"
2)常用参数说明及实践
[root@m01 ~]# ansible-doc -s command
- name: Executes a command on a remote node
command:
argv: # Allows the user to provide the command as a list vs. a string. Only the
string or the list form can be provided, not
both. One or the other must be provided.
chdir: # Change into this directory before running the command.
creates: # A filename or (since 2.0) glob pattern. If it already exists, this step
*won't* be run.
free_form: # (required) The command module takes a free form command to run. There is no
parameter actually named 'free form'. See the
examples!
removes: # A filename or (since 2.0) glob pattern. If it already exists, this step *will* be run.
stdin: # Set the stdin of the command directly to the specified value.
warn: # If command_warnings are on in ansible.cfg, do not warn about this particular
line if set to `no'.
参数:chdir=/tmp配置相当于cd /tmp
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m command -a "pwd chdir=/etc"
ansible oldboy -m shell -a "cd /etc/;pwd"
参数:creates=/etc 相当于条件测试 [ -e /etc ]||pwd 和下面removes相反
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m command -a "pwd creates=/etc"
参数:removes=/root 相当于条件测试 [ -e /root ]&&ls /root
ansible oldboy -m command -a "ls /root removes=/root"
ansible oldboy -m shell -a "[ -d /etc ]||pwd"
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m command -a "cat /etc/hosts removes=/etc/hosts"
参数:warn=False 忽略警告
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m command -a "chmod 000 /etc/hosts warn=False"
12.2 script模块功能说明:
功能说明:在远程节点上运行本地脚本
官方链接:http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/script_module.html
远端可以没有脚本,本地有就行:
[root@m01 /server/scripts]# cat setup.sh
pwd
ls /root
for n in {1..100}
do
echo $n >>/tmp/oldboy.log
done
执行:
ansible oldboy -m script -a "/server/scripts/setup.sh"
项目实践作业:
写好rsync一键客户端配置,一键服务端配置。
12.3 copy模块功能说明:
copy模块功能说明:
功能说明:复制文件到远程主机
官方链接:http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/copy_module.html
ansible oldboy -m copy -a "src=/server dest=/ mode=ugo+x group=root owner=root"
ansible oldboy -m copy -a "src=/server/scripts/setup dest=/server/scripts mode=ugo+x group=root owner=root backup=yes"
12.4 shell模块功能说明:
功能说明:执行一个命令在远程节点上
官方链接:http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/shell_module.html
ansible oldboy -m shell -a "free -m|grep buffer"
远程执行脚本:脚本必须在远端存在
ansible oldboy -m shell -a "/bin/bash /server/scripts/setup.sh"
项目实践作业:
1、写好rsync一键客户端配置,一键服务端配置。
2、写好nfs一键服务端端配置,一键客户端挂载,并且加到自启动文件里(/etc/rc.local,/etc/fstab)。
步骤:
1、远端命令行非交互实现
echo 123456|passwd --stdin oldboy
2、所有步骤放在脚本里实现。
3、管理机上远程执行。
ssh /bin/sh /server/scripts/ins.sh
知识----能力-----价值-----金钱
学习方法:
学习能力
解决思路
任何问题有方法。
12.5 file模块功能说明:
功能说明:设置文件属性
官方链接:http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/file_module.html
================================================================
替代方案:
ansible oldboy -m command -a "chmod 777 /etc/hosts warn=false"
ansible oldboy -m command -a "chmod 644 /etc/hosts warn=false"
ansible oldboy -m command -a "chown oldboy /etc/hosts warn=false"
ansible oldboy -m command -a "chown root /etc/hosts warn=false"
创建目录:mkdir /tmp/oldboy_dir
ansible oldboy -m file -a "dest=/tmp/oldboy_dir state=directory"
递归设置权限:
ansible oldboy -m file -a "dest=/tmp/oldboy_dir state=directory mode=644 recurse=yes"
创建文件:touch /tmp/oldboy_file
ansible oldboy -m file -a "dest=/tmp/oldboy_file state=touch"
删除文件:rm -f /tmp/oldboy_file
ansible oldboy -m file -a "dest=/tmp/oldboy_file state=absent"
创建链接文件:ln -s /etc/hosts /tmp/link_file
ansible oldboy -m file -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp/link_file state=link"
ansible oldboy -m file -a "dest=/tmp/oldboy_file state=touch owner=oldboy group=oldboy mode=000"
ansible oldboy -m file -a "dest=/tmp/oldboy_file state=touch owner=oldboy group=oldboy mode=ugo=rwx"
12.5 yum模块功能说明:
功能说明:yum包管理模块
官方链接:http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/yum_module.html
ansible oldboy -m yum -a "name=nginx state=installed"
[root@nfs01 oldboy_dir]# rpm -qa nginx
nginx-1.10.2-1.el6.x86_64
###不要用yum卸载,用rpm -e卸载。
12.6 service模块功能说明:
功能说明:启动停止服务
官方链接:http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/service_module.html
#相当于
#service crond stop|/etc/init.d/crond stop
#chkconfig crond off
ansible oldboy -m service -a "name=crond state=stop enabled=no"
#相当于/etc/init.d/crond start
chkconfig crond on
ansible oldboy -m service -a "name=crond state=started enabled=yes"
ansible oldboy -m command -a "name=crond state=started enabled=yes"
有选择才叫有能力。
足球场上,让拿球队员有选择,就容易进球。
不让对方有选择,就得人盯人。
12.7 cron模块功能说明:
功能说明:管理定时任务条目信息模块
官方链接:http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/cron_module.html
定时任务格式:
* * * * * CMD
创建定时任务:
ansible oldboy -m cron -a "name='sync time' minute=00 hour=00 job='/usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1'"
结果:
#Ansible: sync time
00 00 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1
添加如下定时任务:
05 03 * * * /bin/sh /server/scripts/backup.sh /server/scripts/list >/dev/null 2>&1
命令如下:
ansible oldboy -m cron -a "name='backup data' minute=05 hour=03 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/backup.sh /server/scripts/list >/dev/null 2>&1'"
结果:
#Ansible: backup data
05 03 * * * /bin/sh /server/scripts/backup.sh /server/scripts/list >/dev/null 2>&1
删除定时任务:
ansible oldboy -m cron -a "name='backup data' state=absent"
12.8 playbook
把所有ansible命令放在文件里执行就是playbook。
playbook替代方案1:
[root@m01 ~]# cat ansible.sh
ansible oldboy -m file -a "dest=/tmp/oldboy_file state=touch"
ansible oldboy -m file -a "dest=/tmp/oldboy_file state=touch owner=oldboy group=oldboy mode=ugo=rwx"
ansible oldboy -m yum -a "name=nginx state=installed"
ansible oldboy -m service -a "name=crond state=started enabled=yes"
ansible oldboy -m cron -a "name='sync time' minute=00 hour=00 job='/usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1'"
playbook替代方案2:
[root@m01 ~]# cat ~/set.sh
touch /tmp/oldboy_file
chown oldboy.oldboy /tmp/oldboy_file
yum install nginx -y
/etc/init.d/crond start
chkconfig cornd on
echo '#sync time oldboy' >>/var/spool/cron/root
echo '00 00 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1' >>/var/spool/cron/root
执行:
ansible oldboy -m script -a "~/set.sh"
ansible剧本编写格式说明
ansible剧本遵循PYyaml语法规则进行编写,ymal文件基本编写规则如下说明:
规则一:缩进
yaml使用一个固定的缩进风格表示数据层结构关系,需要每个缩进级别由两个空格组成。切记一定不能使用tab键进行缩进。
规则二:冒号
每个冒号后面一定要有一个空格(以冒号结尾不需要空格,表示文件路径的模版可以不需要空格)
规则三:短横线
想要表示列表项,使用一个短横杠加一个空格。多个项使用同样的缩进级别作为同一个列表的一部分
- name: This command will change the working directory to somedir/ and will only run when /path/to/database doesn't exist.
command: /usr/bin/make_database.sh arg1 arg2
args:
chdir: somedir/
creates: /path/to/database
[root@m01 ~]# cat /etc/ansible/a.yml
- hosts: oldboy
tasks:
- shell: echo hello oldboy linux. >/tmp/a.log
ansible oldboy -m command -a "echo hello oldboy linux."
=========写成剧本
- hosts: oldboy
task:
- command: echo hello oldboy linux.
=========写成剧本
ansible oldboy -m command -a "pwd chdir=/etc"
- hosts: oldboy
task:
- command: echo hello oldboy linux.
用ansible完成一键部署rsync服务端。