写上一段源码，在src/runtime/slice.go growslice函数（以下是截取部分源码）：
newcap := old.cap
doublecap := newcap + newcap
if cap > doublecap {
newcap = cap
} else {
const threshold = 256
if old.cap < threshold {
newcap = doublecap
} else {
// Check 0 < newcap to detect overflow
// and prevent an infinite loop.
for 0 < newcap && newcap < cap {
// Transition from growing 2x for small slices
// to growing 1.25x for large slices. This formula
// gives a smooth-ish transition between the two.
newcap += (newcap + 3*threshold) / 4
}
// Set newcap to the requested cap when
// the newcap calculation overflowed.
if newcap <= 0 {
newcap = cap
}
}
}
golang 切片扩容规则：
- 当预期的容量(cap)要大于原容量的2倍时，新的容量就是预期的容量；
- 当预期的容量小于等于原容量的2倍时，如果原容量小于256，新的容量就是原来的两倍，
当原容量大于等于256时，每次会扩容原来容量的1.25倍加上192，直到新的容量大于等于预期容量； - 实际申请的内存不是严格按照上面的规则，会有一个roundupsize操作，通俗来讲也就是golang内存优化；
内存优化源码如下(以下是部分源码)：
switch {
case et.size == 1:
lenmem = uintptr(old.len)
newlenmem = uintptr(cap)
capmem = roundupsize(uintptr(newcap))
overflow = uintptr(newcap) > maxAlloc
newcap = int(capmem)
case et.size == goarch.PtrSize:
lenmem = uintptr(old.len) * goarch.PtrSize
newlenmem = uintptr(cap) * goarch.PtrSize
capmem = roundupsize(uintptr(newcap) * goarch.PtrSize)
overflow = uintptr(newcap) > maxAlloc/goarch.PtrSize
newcap = int(capmem / goarch.PtrSize)
case isPowerOfTwo(et.size):
var shift uintptr
if goarch.PtrSize == 8 {
// Mask shift for better code generation.
shift = uintptr(sys.Ctz64(uint64(et.size))) & 63
} else {
shift = uintptr(sys.Ctz32(uint32(et.size))) & 31
}
lenmem = uintptr(old.len) << shift
newlenmem = uintptr(cap) << shift
capmem = roundupsize(uintptr(newcap) << shift)
overflow = uintptr(newcap) > (maxAlloc >> shift)
newcap = int(capmem >> shift)
default:
lenmem = uintptr(old.len) * et.size
newlenmem = uintptr(cap) * et.size
capmem, overflow = math.MulUintptr(et.size, uintptr(newcap))
capmem = roundupsize(capmem)
newcap = int(capmem / et.size)
}
至于内存优化具体操作笔者在这里就不详细说了，感兴趣的朋友可以私聊我哦。
