title: 使用 Django 创建一个文件上传的服务器
date: 2016-12-17 13:18:12
tags: [Django, FileUpload]
category: Python
django 版本：1.10.1
python 版本：3.5.0
创建工程：upload_demo
django-admin startproject upload_demo
运行工程：
python3 manager.py runserver
打开网站查看工程是否创建成功：
http://127.0.0.1:8000/
django-welcome
创建一个 app：upload_app
python3 manager.py startapp upload_app
在 'upload_demo/setting.py' 中注册 app：
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'upload_app.apps.UploadAppConfig' # +++
]
建立文件上传的 url
创建 View
upload_app/views.py:
def upload_file(request):
"""
文件接收 view
:param request: 请求
:return:
"""
if request.method == 'POST':
pass
else:
pass
return HttpResponse("Hello, world. Upload File.")
创建 app 自己的 urls.py
创建文件：upload_app/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$', views.upload_file)
]
注册 app 的 urls.py
将 app 的 url 加入到 upload_demo/urls.py 中：
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^upload/', include('upload_app.urls')) # +++
]
访问网址：http://127.0.0.1:8000/upload/
看到下面的图片，说明 url 建立成功。
django_file_url
使用表单提交文件
建立一个表单类
upload_app/forms.py:
from django.forms import forms
class FileUploadForm(forms.Form):
my_file = forms.FileField()
引入模版
建立文件夹 templates/
创建一个 html：templates/upload_temp.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/upload/" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form }}
<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
在 upload_demo/settings.py 中声明这个模版：
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
修改 view
upload_app/views.py:
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
from upload_app.forms import FileUploadForm
def upload_file(request):
"""
文件接收 view
:param request: 请求
:return:
"""
if request.method == 'POST':
my_form = FileUploadForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
if my_form.is_valid():
f = my_form.cleaned_data['my_file']
handle_uploaded_file(f)
return HttpResponse('Upload Success')
else:
my_form = FileUploadForm()
return render(request, 'upload_temp.html', {'form': my_form})
def handle_uploaded_file(f):
with open(f.name, 'wb+') as destination:
for chunk in f.chunks():
destination.write(chunk)
打开网站:http://127.0.0.1:8000/upload/ 就可以上传文件了，上传的文件会在工程的根目录下。
利用 Model 管理上传的文件
创建 Model
upload_app/models.py:
from django.db import models
class FileSimpleModel(models.Model):
"""
文件接收 Model
upload_to：表示文件保存位置
"""
file_field = models.FileField(upload_to="upload/%Y/%m/%d")
更新数据库
创建或者修改了 model 都需要更新以下数据库：
python3 manage.py makemigrations
python3 manage.py migrate
这里推荐使用 Navicat 查看数据库：
django_file_db
修改 views
在 views 中使用 Model upload_app/views.py:
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
from upload_app.forms import FileUploadForm
from upload_app.models import FileSimpleModel
def upload_file(request):
"""
文件接收 view
:param request: 请求
:return:
"""
if request.method == 'POST':
my_form = FileUploadForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
if my_form.is_valid():
# f = my_form.cleaned_data['my_file']
# handle_uploaded_file(f)
file_model = FileSimpleModel()
file_model.file_field = my_form.cleaned_data['my_file']
file_model.save()
return HttpResponse('Upload Success')
else:
my_form = FileUploadForm()
return render(request, 'upload_temp.html', {'form': my_form})
下面就可以使用了
上传一个文件后数据库变化： file_field 中保存的是文件的相对路径
django_file_upload_db
