从SpringBoot启动过程分析到自定义一个springboot-starter


一.应用启动类

@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
    }
}

开发SpirngBoot应用时,入口类就这简单的几行。但是却完成了N多服务的初始化、加载和发布。那么这几行代码究竟干了什么呢,SpringBoot应用到底是怎么启动的。
本文中相关源码来自Springboot2.3.3, spring不同版本之间的代码可能有些许差别,但整体的过程是大同小异的

二.@SpringBootApplication注解

2.1.SpringBootApplication注解

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
      @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
      @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {

@SpringBootApplication=@SpringBootConfiguration+@EnableAutoConfiguration+@ComponentScan,是这三个注解的复合注解

2.2.@SpringBootConfiguration

/**
 * Indicates that a class Spring Boot application
 * {@link Configuration @Configuration}. Can be used as an alternative to the Spring's
 * standard {@code @Configuration} annotation so that configuration can be found
 * automatically (for example in tests).
 */
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Configuration
public @interface SpringBootConfiguration {}

SpringBootConfiguration注解和Spring的@Configuration注解作用一样。标注当前类是配置类,并会将当前类内声明的一个或多个以@Bean注解标记的方法的实例纳入到spring容器中.

2.3.@ComponentScan

@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
      @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
      @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
/**
 * Configures component scanning directives for use with @{@link Configuration} classes.
 * Provides support parallel with Spring XML's {@code <context:component-scan>} element.
 *
 * <p>Either {@link #basePackageClasses} or {@link #basePackages} (or its alias
 * {@link #value}) may be specified to define specific packages to scan. If specific
 * packages are not defined, scanning will occur from the package of the
 * class that declares this annotation.
 */
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Documented
@Repeatable(ComponentScans.class)
public @interface ComponentScan{}

@ComponentScan扫描指定的包路径,若未指定包路径,则以声明这个注解的类作为基本包路径。比如@SpringBootApplication就没有指定包路径,则DemoApplication的包路径将作为扫描的基本包路径,因此强烈建议将主类放在顶层目录下。

excludeFilters属性指定哪些类型不符合组件扫描的条件,会在扫描的时候过滤掉。

@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class)

比如上面这段代码。@Filter声明了过滤器类型类为自定义类型(需要实现TypeFilter接口),过滤器为AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter。当match方法为true,返回扫描类对象,否则过滤掉。但是要注意@ComponentScan的key为excludeFilters,因此ComponentScan在扫描时满足过滤器条件(match返回true)的这些类型将在包扫描的时候过滤掉,是不会将该类加载到容器的。

@Override
public boolean match(MetadataReader metadataReader, MetadataReaderFactory metadataReaderFactory)
    throws IOException {
//如果是Springboot自动配置类,则不将其加载到Bean容器
    return isConfiguration(metadataReader) && isAutoConfiguration(metadataReader);
}
//判断是否是配置类
private boolean isConfiguration(MetadataReader metadataReader) {
    return metadataReader.getAnnotationMetadata().isAnnotated(Configuration.class.getName());
}
//判断是否为EnableAutoConfiguration类
private boolean isAutoConfiguration(MetadataReader metadataReader) {
    return getAutoConfigurations().contains(metadataReader.getClassMetadata().getClassName());
}

2.3.@EnableAutoConfiguration

@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {}

这个注解是SpringBoot能进行自动配置的关键

selectImports方法:根据导入Configuration类的AnnotationMetadata选择并返回应导入的类的名称

    @Override
    public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
        if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
            return NO_IMPORTS;
        }
        AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);
        //返回自动配置类名数组
        return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations());
    }
    
    //根据导入Configuration类的AnnotationMetadata返回AutoConfigurationEntry
    protected AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
            if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
                return EMPTY_ENTRY;
            }
            //返回@EnableAutoConfiguration 注解上的排除属性
            AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
            //通过SPI加载候选的自动配置类名
            List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);
            //移除重复的类名
            configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);
            //获取注解上和 spring.autoconfigure.exclude 配置的排除类名
            Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
            //检查加载到的类名的合法性
            checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
            //排除需要移除的类
            configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
            //通过元数据再次过滤
            configurations = getConfigurationClassFilter().filter(configurations);
            //监听器发布自动配置导入事件并进行相应的处理
            fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
            return new AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);
        }

@Import注解用于导入配置类,导入类AutoConfigurationImportSelector。
在 AbstractApplicationContext--->refresh()--->invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors()中,会调用AutoConfigurationImportSelector类的selectImports方法,最终通过调SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames方法,
扫描META-INF/spring.factories文件自动配置类(key为EnableAutoConfiguration),通过对其全类名的反射获取到自动导入类的类元信息,并注册到Bean工厂

三.从SpringApplication.run开始解析

3.1 Springboot的启动流程主要分为三个部分:

  • SpringApplication的创建和初始化以及启动之前的一些配置(启动前)
  • SpringApplication的具体启动过程(启动过程)
  • SpringBoot的核心即自动配置模块

3.2.SpringApplication的创建和初始化

3.2.1.构造器
    /**
     * Create a new {@link SpringApplication} instance. The application context will load
     * beans from the specified primary sources (see {@link SpringApplication class-level}
     * documentation for details. The instance can be customized before calling
     * {@link #run(String...)}.
     * @param resourceLoader the resource loader to use
     * @param primarySources the primary bean sources
     * @see #run(Class, String[])
     * @see #setSources(Set)
     */
    @SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
    public SpringApplication(ResourceLoader resourceLoader, Class<?>... primarySources) {
        this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
        Assert.notNull(primarySources, "PrimarySources must not be null");
        this.primarySources = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList(primarySources));
        //1.根据应用是否存在某些类推断应用类型,分为响应式web应用,servlet类型web应用和非web应用,在后面用于确定实例化applicationContext的类型
        this.webApplicationType = WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath();
        //2.设置初始化器,读取spring.factories文件key ApplicationContextInitializer对应的value并实例化.ApplicationContextInitializer接口用于在Spring上下文被刷新之前进行初始化的操作
        setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
        //3.设置监听器,读取spring.factories文件key ApplicationListener对应的value并实例化
        //interface ApplicationListener<E extends ApplicationEvent> extends EventListener
        //ApplicationListener继承EventListener,实现了观察者模式。对于Spring框架的观察者模式实现,它限定感兴趣的事件类型需要是ApplicationEvent类型事件
        setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
        //4.配置应用入口类class对象
        this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();
    }

如上源码,在构造器里主要干了2件事,一是设置初始化器,二是设置监听器

3.2.2.设置初始化器ApplicationContextInitializer
setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(
      ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type) {
   return getSpringFactoriesInstances(type, new Class<?>[] {});
}

private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type,Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object... args) {
   ClassLoader classLoader = getClassLoader();
   // Use names and ensure unique to protect against duplicates
   //从类路径的META-INF处读取相应配置文件spring.factories,然后进行遍历,读取配置文件中Key(type)对应的value
   Set<String> names = new LinkedHashSet<>(SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type, classLoader));
   //通过反射将names的对象实例化
   List<T> instances = createSpringFactoriesInstances(type, parameterTypes,classLoader, args, names);
   AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(instances);
   return instances;
}

根据入参type类型ApplicationContextInitializer.class从类路径的META-INF处读取相应配置文件spring.factories并实例化对应Initializer。
SpringApplication启动中获取指定自动配置类型的实例时反复用到了上面这2个函数。

  • ApplicationContextInitializer是Spring框架原有的东西,这个类的主要作用就是在ConfigurableApplicationContext类型(或者子类型)的ApplicationContext做refresh之前,允许我们对ConfiurableApplicationContext的实例做进一步的设置和处理。关于Spring中具体的ApplicationContextInitializer介绍请移步这里:Spring中的ApplicationContextInitializer

    SpringBoot默认META-INF/spring.factories中的ApplicationContextInitializer配置如下:
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=\
org.springframework.boot.context.ConfigurationWarningsApplicationContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.context.ContextIdApplicationContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.rsocket.context.RSocketPortInfoApplicationContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.web.context.ServerPortInfoApplicationContextInitializer
3.2.3.设置监听器ApplicationListener
setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));

和设置初始化器是相同的过程,通过getSpringFactoriesInstances函数实例化监听器。

  • ApplicationListener使用了观察者设计模式,主要作用是在springboot启动过程的不同阶段,通过监听到发布的不同的事件从而去执行一些相应的操作。关于Spring中具体的ApplicationListener介绍请移步这里:Spring中的监听器详解与观察者模式

    SpringBoot默认META-INF/spring.factories中的ApplicationListener配置如下:
# Application Listeners
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\
org.springframework.boot.ClearCachesApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.builder.ParentContextCloserApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.cloud.CloudFoundryVcapEnvironmentPostProcessor,\
org.springframework.boot.context.FileEncodingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.AnsiOutputApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.logging.ClasspathLoggingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.logging.LoggingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.liquibase.LiquibaseServiceLocatorApplicationListener

3.3.SpringApplication具体的启动过程分析

3.3.1.启动过程的核心 run方法

/**
* Run the Spring application, creating and refreshing a new
* {@link ApplicationContext}.
* @param args the application arguments (usually passed from a Java main method)
* @return a running {@link ApplicationContext}
*/
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
   //计时器,记录程序的运行时间
   StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
   stopWatch.start();
   ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
   Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList<>();
   //设置java.awt.headless系统属性为true,Headless模式是系统的一种配置模式。
   // 在该模式下,系统缺少了显示设备、键盘或鼠标。但是服务器生成的数据需要提供给显示设备等使用。
   // 因此使用headless模式,一般是在程序开始激活headless模式,告诉程序,现在你要工作在Headless mode下,依靠系统的计算能力模拟出这些特性来
   configureHeadlessProperty();
   //获取监听器集合对象
   SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
   //1.发出开始执行的事件。
   listeners.starting();
   try {
      //根据main函数传入的参数,创建DefaultApplicationArguments对象
      ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
      //2.根据扫描到的监听器对象和函数传入参数,进行环境准备。
      ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,applicationArguments);
      //读取spring.beaninfo.ignore,并加入到Spring内部的Bean信息缓存中
      configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
      //通过Banner.Model和相关的配置打印Banner信息
      Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
      //创建ApplicationContext,类型为ConfigurableApplicationContext
      context = createApplicationContext();
      //和上面套路一样,读取spring.factories文件key SpringBootExceptionReporter对应的Class,用于支持SpringbootApplication启动过程中异常的回调
      exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,new Class[] { ConfigurableApplicationContext.class }, context);
      //准备和加载运行环境
      prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,printedBanner);
      //和上面的一样,context准备完成之后,将触发SpringApplicationRunListener的contextPrepared执行
      refreshContext(context);
      //其实啥也没干。但是老版本的callRunners好像是在这里执行的。
      afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
      stopWatch.stop();
      if (this.logStartupInfo) {
         new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass).logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
      }
      //发布ApplicationStartedEvent事件,发出结束执行的事件
      listeners.started(context);
      //在某些情况下,我们希望在容器bean加载完成后执行一些操作,会实现ApplicationRunner或者CommandLineRunner接口
      //后置操作,就是在容器完成刷新后,依次调用注册的Runners,多个Runner时可以通过@Order注解设置各runner的执行顺序。
      callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
   }
   catch (Throwable ex) {
      handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, listeners);
      throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
   }try {
      //发布ApplicationReadyEvent事件。上下文已刷新并且所有的CommandLineRunners和ApplicationRunner都已被调用,应用上下文创建完成
      listeners.running(context);
   }catch (Throwable ex) {
      handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, null);
      throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
   }
   return context;
}

SpringApplication核心的启动运行方法如上所示,过程分析:

  • listeners.starting(): 发布ApplicationStartingEvent,运行过程开始
  • 创建并配置运行环境:
    • 程序运行的环境,主要包含了两种信息,一种是profiles,用来描述哪些bean definitions是可用的;一种是properties,用来描述系统的配置,其来源可能是配置文件、JVM属性文件、操作系统环境变量等等。
    • 发布ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent环境准备就绪事件
        protected void configureEnvironment(ConfigurableEnvironment environment, String[] args) {
            if (this.addConversionService) {
                ConversionService conversionService = ApplicationConversionService.getSharedInstance();
                environment.setConversionService((ConfigurableConversionService) conversionService);
            }
            configurePropertySources(environment, args);
            configureProfiles(environment, args);
        }
    
  • context = createApplicationContext():创建ApplicationContext
         protected ConfigurableApplicationContext createApplicationContext() {
             Class<?> contextClass = this.applicationContextClass;
             if (contextClass == null) {
                 try {
                     switch (this.webApplicationType) {
                     case SERVLET:
                         contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_SERVLET_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS);
                         break;
                     case REACTIVE:
                         contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_REACTIVE_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS);
                         break;
                     default:
                         contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS);
                     }
                 }
                 catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
                     throw new IllegalStateException(
                             "Unable create a default ApplicationContext, please specify an ApplicationContextClass", ex);
                 }
             }
             return (ConfigurableApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
         }
    
    这里通过this.webApplicationType判断具体要创建哪种类型的ApplicationContext.

    比如web类型为servlet类型,就会实例化org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext类型的context。
    在这里BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass)是通过instantiateClass(clazz.getDeclaredConstructor())进行初始化,也就是说这里是用来空参构造函数来进行实例化的。下面是其构造函数:
     /**
      * Create a new {@link AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext} that needs
      * to be populated through {@link #register} calls and then manually
      * {@linkplain #refresh refreshed}.
      */
     public AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext() {
         this.reader = new AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader(this);
         this.scanner = new ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner(this);
     }
    
    构造方法中初始化了两个成员变量,类型分别为AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader和ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner用以加载使用注解的bean定义:
    // 调用父类AnnotationConfigApplicationContext的构造函数
    public AnnotationConfigApplicationContext() {
       // 实例化一个注解bena定义读取器
       this.reader = new AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader(this);
       this.scanner = new ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner(this);
    }
    
    public AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, Environment environment) {
       Assert.notNull(registry, "BeanDefinitionRegistry must not be null");
       Assert.notNull(environment, "Environment must not be null");
       // 维护一个ApplicationContext上下文索引
       this.registry = registry;
       // 声明一个条件评估器,用来评估一个@Condition注解的类是否符合注入条件
       this.conditionEvaluator = new ConditionEvaluator(registry, environment, null);
       // 这里会事先向beanFacroty注入几个核心后处理器
       AnnotationConfigUtils.registerAnnotationConfigProcessors(this.registry);
    }
    
    在实例化上下文的时候,会向ApplicationContext.beanFacroty内部注册几个核心的后处理器:
    • internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor:ConfigurationClassPostProcessor implements BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor: 用于@Configuration配置类的处理,包括postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry,postProcessBeanFactory,processConfigBeanDefinitions三个主要方法
    • internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor:AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor:处理@Autowired,@Injected注解字段,向其注入实际依赖的bean
    • internalCommonAnnotationProcessor:CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor: 处理@PostConstruct,@PreDestroy,@Resource等注解
    • internalPersistenceAnnotationProcessor:PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor:如果引入了JPA,这个类时处理JPA注解
    • internalEventListenerProcessor:EventListenerMethodProcessor:将EventListenner方法注册为ApplicationListener
    • internalEventListenerFactory:DefaultEventListenerFactory:默认的EventListenerFactory实现,支持@EventListener注解
  • prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,printedBanner):context前置处理阶段
     private void prepareContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context,ConfigurableEnvironment environment, SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,ApplicationArguments applicationArguments, Banner printedBanner) {
         //关联环境
         context.setEnvironment(environment);
         
         //ApplicationContext预处理,主要配置Bean生成器以及资源加载器
         postProcessApplicationContext(context);
          
         //调用初始化器,执行initialize方法,前面set的初始化器终于用上了
         applyInitializers(context);
         //发布contextPrepared事件
         listeners.contextPrepared(context);
         if (this.logStartupInfo) {
            logStartupInfo(context.getParent() == null);
            logStartupProfileInfo(context);
         }
      
         // Add boot specific singleton beans
         ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = context.getBeanFactory();
         //注册单例Bean ApplicationArguments到ConfigurableListableBeanFactory,用于获取启动application所需的参数
         beanFactory.registerSingleton("springApplicationArguments", applicationArguments);
          
         //加载打印Banner的Bean
         if (printedBanner != null) {
            beanFactory.registerSingleton("springBootBanner", printedBanner);
         }
         
         if (beanFactory instanceof DefaultListableBeanFactory) {
         //设置是否允许重载Bean定义
            ((DefaultListableBeanFactory) beanFactory)
                  .setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding);
         }
         // Load the sources,根据primarySources加载resource。primarySources:一般为主类的class对象
         Set<Object> sources = getAllSources();
         Assert.notEmpty(sources, "Sources must not be empty");
         //构造BeanDefinitionLoader并完成定义的Bean的加载
         load(context, sources.toArray(new Object[0]));
         //发布ApplicationPreparedEvent事件,表示application已准备完成
         listeners.contextLoaded(context);
     }
    
  • refreshContext: 调用父类AbstractApplicationContext刷新容器的操作.这里的refresh()方法就是Spring IOC容器加载的核心过程。Spring核心源码分析请看Spring IOC 容器源码分析

3.3.2.启动过程中的监听器的使用

SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);

和构造器设置初始化器一个套路,根据传入type SpringApplicationRunListener去扫描spring.factories文件,读取type对应的value并实例化。然后利用实例化对象创建SpringApplicationRunListeners对象。
查看spring.factories中的配置如下:

org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener=\
org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener

EventPublishingRunListener的作用是在SpringApplication加载的不同阶段发布不同的SpringApplicationEvent。如下是其调用各个方法相应的阶段,也对应了run方法运行过程中的多个阶段:

    @Override
    //在run方法首次启动时立即调用。可用于非常早期的初始化
    public void starting() {
        this.initialMulticaster.multicastEvent(new ApplicationStartingEvent(this.application, this.args));
    }

    @Override
    //在准备好环境之后,ApplicationContext创建之前调用
    public void environmentPrepared(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) {
        this.initialMulticaster
                .multicastEvent(new ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent(this.application, this.args, environment));
    }

    @Override
    //在ApplicationContext已经被创建和准备完毕之后,在加载资源前被调用
    public void contextPrepared(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
        this.initialMulticaster
                .multicastEvent(new ApplicationContextInitializedEvent(this.application, this.args, context));
    }

    @Override
    //ApplicationContext上下文被加载后,刷新之前
    public void contextLoaded(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
        for (ApplicationListener<?> listener : this.application.getListeners()) {
            if (listener instanceof ApplicationContextAware) {
                ((ApplicationContextAware) listener).setApplicationContext(context);
            }
            context.addApplicationListener(listener);
        }
        this.initialMulticaster.multicastEvent(new ApplicationPreparedEvent(this.application, this.args, context));
    }

    @Override
    //上下文已刷新,应用程序已启动,但尚未调用CommandLineRunners和ApplicationRunners
    public void started(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
        context.publishEvent(new ApplicationStartedEvent(this.application, this.args, context));
        AvailabilityChangeEvent.publish(context, LivenessState.CORRECT);
    }

    @Override
    //在上下文已刷新并且所有的CommandLineRunners和ApplicationRunner都已被调用,run方法完成之前
    public void running(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
        context.publishEvent(new ApplicationReadyEvent(this.application, this.args, context));
        AvailabilityChangeEvent.publish(context, ReadinessState.ACCEPTING_TRAFFIC);
    }

    @Override
    //应用程序运行过程中发生异常时被调用
    public void failed(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, Throwable exception) {
        ApplicationFailedEvent event = new ApplicationFailedEvent(this.application, this.args, context, exception);
        if (context != null && context.isActive()) {
            // Listeners have been registered to the application context so we should
            // use it at this point if we can
            context.publishEvent(event);
        }
        else {
            // An inactive context may not have a multicaster so we use our multicaster to
            // call all of the context's listeners instead
            if (context instanceof AbstractApplicationContext) {
                for (ApplicationListener<?> listener : ((AbstractApplicationContext) context)
                        .getApplicationListeners()) {
                    this.initialMulticaster.addApplicationListener(listener);
                }
            }
            this.initialMulticaster.setErrorHandler(new LoggingErrorHandler());
            this.initialMulticaster.multicastEvent(event);
        }
    }

三、自动配置的奥秘---SpringBoot启动过程中自动配置Bean如何注册到BeanFactory

Spring-IOC容器源码分析一文中,分析到SpringBoot基于注解的运行方式是在 refresh()--->invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors()方法中进行了Bean定义的解析和收集,那么自动配置类导入的Bean或直接使用或间接的去构建成其他对象,必然也需要在这一阶段进行Bean定义的注册以便在之后的过程中进行实例化

承接 Spring-IOC容器源码分析一文中 ConfigurationClassParser.java 265--->doProcessConfigurationClass方法对自动配置相关的源码继续分析:

@EnableAutoConfiguration注解中通过@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)导入了自动配置类,在这里我们直接从处理@Import注解的
processImports(configClass, sourceClass, getImports(sourceClass), filter, true)开始分析

ConfigurationClassParser.java 552

    private void processImports(ConfigurationClass configClass, SourceClass currentSourceClass,
            Collection<SourceClass> importCandidates, Predicate<String> exclusionFilter,
            boolean checkForCircularImports) {

        if (importCandidates.isEmpty()) {
            return;
        }

        if (checkForCircularImports && isChainedImportOnStack(configClass)) {
            this.problemReporter.error(new CircularImportProblem(configClass, this.importStack));
        }
        else {
            this.importStack.push(configClass);
            try {
                //对ImportSelector的处理
                for (SourceClass candidate : importCandidates) {
                    if (candidate.isAssignable(ImportSelector.class)) {
                        // Candidate class is an ImportSelector -> delegate to it to determine imports
                        Class<?> candidateClass = candidate.loadClass();
                        ImportSelector selector = ParserStrategyUtils.instantiateClass(candidateClass, ImportSelector.class,
                                this.environment, this.resourceLoader, this.registry);
                        Predicate<String> selectorFilter = selector.getExclusionFilter();
                        if (selectorFilter != null) {
                            exclusionFilter = exclusionFilter.or(selectorFilter);
                        }
                        if (selector instanceof DeferredImportSelector) {
                            //如果是 DefferredImportSelector,则使用deferredImportSelectorHandler进行延迟处理
                            this.deferredImportSelectorHandler.handle(configClass, (DeferredImportSelector) selector);
                        }
                        else {
                            //根据ImportSelector方法的返回值来进行递归操作
                            String[] importClassNames = selector.selectImports(currentSourceClass.getMetadata());
                            Collection<SourceClass> importSourceClasses = asSourceClasses(importClassNames, exclusionFilter);
                            processImports(configClass, currentSourceClass, importSourceClasses, exclusionFilter, false);
                        }
                    }
                    else if (candidate.isAssignable(ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class)) {
                        // Candidate class is an ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar ->
                        // delegate to it to register additional bean definitions
                        Class<?> candidateClass = candidate.loadClass();
                        ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar registrar =
                                ParserStrategyUtils.instantiateClass(candidateClass, ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class,
                                        this.environment, this.resourceLoader, this.registry);
                        configClass.addImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar(registrar, currentSourceClass.getMetadata());
                    }
                    else {
                        // Candidate class not an ImportSelector or ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar ->
                        // process it as an @Configuration class
                        //如果当前的类既不是ImportSelector也不是ImportBeanDefinitionRegistar就进行@Configuration的解析处理
                        this.importStack.registerImport(
                                currentSourceClass.getMetadata(), candidate.getMetadata().getClassName());
                        processConfigurationClass(candidate.asConfigClass(configClass), exclusionFilter);
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
                throw ex;
            }
            catch (Throwable ex) {
                throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
                        "Failed to process import candidates for configuration class [" +
                        configClass.getMetadata().getClassName() + "]", ex);
            }
            finally {
                this.importStack.pop();
            }
        }
    }

可以看到 DeferredImportSelectorHandlerConfigurationClassParser一个专门用来处理延迟导入选择器的内部类
关于SpringBoot中的其他的 ImportSelctor类的使用和分析 spring中的ImportSelector接口原理与使用

真正的对于延迟ImportSelector的处理则是在下面的process()方法:

ConfigurationClassParser.java 169

   public void parse(Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> configCandidates) {
       for (BeanDefinitionHolder holder : configCandidates) {
           BeanDefinition bd = holder.getBeanDefinition();
           try {
               if (bd instanceof AnnotatedBeanDefinition) {
                   parse(((AnnotatedBeanDefinition) bd).getMetadata(), holder.getBeanName());
               }
               else if (bd instanceof AbstractBeanDefinition && ((AbstractBeanDefinition) bd).hasBeanClass()) {
                   parse(((AbstractBeanDefinition) bd).getBeanClass(), holder.getBeanName());
               }
               else {
                   parse(bd.getBeanClassName(), holder.getBeanName());
               }
           }
           catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
               throw ex;
           }
           catch (Throwable ex) {
               throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
                       "Failed to parse configuration class [" + bd.getBeanClassName() + "]", ex);
           }
       }
        
        //延迟导入选择器的处理,SpringBoot自动配置类的加载处理的关键
        //因为有些自动配置类是有条件的,需要根据@Condition注解判断是否已经有指定类再进行注入
        //所以在这里需要等到所有的配置类都处理完以后,最后处理这些 DeferredImportSelector类
       this.deferredImportSelectorHandler.process();
   }

ConfigurationClassParser.java 746

    private class DeferredImportSelectorHandler {

        @Nullable
        private List<DeferredImportSelectorHolder> deferredImportSelectors = new ArrayList<>();

        /**
         * Handle the specified {@link DeferredImportSelector}. If deferred import
         * selectors are being collected, this registers this instance to the list. If
         * they are being processed, the {@link DeferredImportSelector} is also processed
         * immediately according to its {@link DeferredImportSelector.Group}.
         * //处理指定的 DeferredImportSelector。如果正在收集延迟导入选择器,则会将此实例注册到列表中。如果正在处理它们,将会根据DeferredImportSelector.Group组立即处理
         * @param configClass the source configuration class
         * @param importSelector the selector to handle
         */
        public void handle(ConfigurationClass configClass, DeferredImportSelector importSelector) {
            DeferredImportSelectorHolder holder = new DeferredImportSelectorHolder(configClass, importSelector);
            //根据私有变量deferredImportSelectors初始化值,如果直接执行该handle方法时,this.deferredImportSelectors == null条件比不成立
            if (this.deferredImportSelectors == null) {
                DeferredImportSelectorGroupingHandler handler = new DeferredImportSelectorGroupingHandler();
                handler.register(holder);
                handler.processGroupImports();
            }
            else {
                //将加入的importSelector封装后添加到DeferredImportSelectorHolder集合
                this.deferredImportSelectors.add(holder);
            }
        }

        public void process() {
            List<DeferredImportSelectorHolder> deferredImports = this.deferredImportSelectors;
            this.deferredImportSelectors = null;
            try {
                if (deferredImports != null) {
                    //创建一个组处理器
                    DeferredImportSelectorGroupingHandler handler = new DeferredImportSelectorGroupingHandler();
                    //根据@Order注解进行排序
                    deferredImports.sort(DEFERRED_IMPORT_COMPARATOR);
                    //循环注册所有的 ImportSelector到相应的组中
                    deferredImports.forEach(handler::register);
                    //所有组分别处理相应的ImportSelector
                    //DeferredImportSelector会根据Group进行分组,即封装成 DeferredImportSelectorGrouping 类,并且以组为单位对同一组中的ImportSelector进行统一处理
                    handler.processGroupImports();
                }
            }
            finally {
                this.deferredImportSelectors = new ArrayList<>();
            }
        }
    }

接着上面的process方法分析:

ConfigurationClassParser.java 795

        public void register(DeferredImportSelectorHolder deferredImport) {
                    // key:组类型(在这里 AutoConfigurationGroup) value:组
                    private final Map<Object, DeferredImportSelectorGrouping> groupings = new LinkedHashMap<>();
                    // key:配置类的注解属性 value:配置类信息(在这里是入口类即具有@SpringBootApplication类的信息)
                    private final Map<AnnotationMetadata, ConfigurationClass> configurationClasses = new HashMap<>();
                    //注册分组
                    public void register(DeferredImportSelectorHolder deferredImport) {
                        Class<? extends Group> group = deferredImport.getImportSelector().getImportGroup(); // 这个方法有默认(default)实现,返回的是 null
            
                        /*
                        创建组
                        1. 其中 createGroup(group) 就是创建了上面的 group 对象,如果为空,则创建一个默认的组对象 DefaultDeferredImportSelectorGroup。
                        2. 这个方法的意思是,如果 map 中没有这个元素则用后面的方法创建,如果有则直接取出来
                        */
                        DeferredImportSelectorGrouping grouping = this.groupings.computeIfAbsent(
                                (group != null ? group : deferredImport),
                                key -> new DeferredImportSelectorGrouping(createGroup(group)));
                        grouping.add(deferredImport);//创建一个组,并加入DeferredImportSelectorHolder
                        this.configurationClasses.put(deferredImport.getConfigurationClass().getMetadata(),
                                deferredImport.getConfigurationClass());//将注解属性和ConfigurationClass映射
        }

ConfigurationClassParser.java 805

        public void processGroupImports() {
            //遍历其中的ImportSelectorGroup进行处理
            for (DeferredImportSelectorGrouping grouping : this.groupings.values()) {
                Predicate<String> exclusionFilter = grouping.getCandidateFilter();
                //关键点  对于默认DefaultDeferredImportSelectorGroup组下的selector直接将其类信息封装成Entry信息返回,对于AutoConfigurationGroup组下的在下面分析
                grouping.getImports().forEach(entry -> {
                    ConfigurationClass configurationClass = this.configurationClasses.get(entry.getMetadata());
                    try {
                        //递归调用处理 @Import的方法
                        processImports(configurationClass, asSourceClass(configurationClass, exclusionFilter),
                                Collections.singleton(asSourceClass(entry.getImportClassName(), exclusionFilter)),
                                exclusionFilter, false);
                    }
                    catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
                        throw ex;
                    }
                    catch (Throwable ex) {
                        throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
                                "Failed to process import candidates for configuration class [" +
                                        configurationClass.getMetadata().getClassName() + "]", ex);
                    }
                });
            }
        }

ConfigurationClassParser.java 874

        public Iterable<Group.Entry> getImports() {
            //遍历使用指定的DeferredImportSelector处理导入Configuration类的AnnotationMetadata
            for (DeferredImportSelectorHolder deferredImport : this.deferredImports) {
                this.group.process(deferredImport.getConfigurationClass().getMetadata(),
                        deferredImport.getImportSelector());
            }
            //返回该组中需要被导入的Entries
            return this.group.selectImports();
        }

在这里继续看AutoConfigurationGroup类中对于上述 void process(AnnotationMetadata metadata, DeferredImportSelector selector)类的实现:

AutoConfigurationImportSelector.java 428

        @Override
        public void process(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata, DeferredImportSelector deferredImportSelector) {
            Assert.state(deferredImportSelector instanceof AutoConfigurationImportSelector,
                    () -> String.format("Only %s implementations are supported, got %s",
                            AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class.getSimpleName(),
                            deferredImportSelector.getClass().getName()));
            //关键点  基于导入@Configuration类的AnnotationMetadata返回AutoConfigurationEntry,与最开始通过SPI获取自动配置类信息的分析衔接
            AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = ((AutoConfigurationImportSelector) deferredImportSelector)
                    .getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);
            this.autoConfigurationEntries.add(autoConfigurationEntry);
            for (String importClassName : autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations()) {
                this.entries.putIfAbsent(importClassName, annotationMetadata);
            }
        }

DeferredImportSelector处理相关的主要有这几个类:

  • DeferredImportSelectorHandler:持有一个List<DeferredImportSelectorHolder>类型的list,是对 DeferredImportSelector 类型的处理类
  • DeferredImportSelectorGroupingHandler:DeferredImportSelector的实际分组处理类,持有如下的两个属性,其 register 和 processGroupImports 方法处理 DeferredImportSelector 并填充这两个属性
         private class DeferredImportSelectorGroupingHandler {
     
             private final Map<Object, DeferredImportSelectorGrouping> groupings = new LinkedHashMap<>();
     
             private final Map<AnnotationMetadata, ConfigurationClass> configurationClasses = new HashMap<>();
             ...
  }
  • DeferredImportSelectorGrouping:持有一个DeferredImportSelector.Group组对象和DeferredImportSelectorHolder的List,存放该组中要处理的 DeferredImportSelector
     private static class DeferredImportSelectorGrouping {
 
         private final DeferredImportSelector.Group group;
 
         private final List<DeferredImportSelectorHolder> deferredImports = new ArrayList<>();
         ...
}
  • DeferredImportSelectorHolder:DeferredImportSelector的封装,持有DeferredImportSelector实例及其对应的Configuration类元信息
     private static class DeferredImportSelectorHolder {
 
         private final ConfigurationClass configurationClass;
 
         private final DeferredImportSelector importSelector;
         ...
}

总体上的处理过程如下:
DeferredImportSelector处理结构流程.png

四.开发一个自己的Starter

与Starter相关的内容其实是Springboot自动配置的部分,下面将之前的使用Netty-websocket构建一个简易的聊天室改造成一个Starter

3.1编写一个Starter主要是这么几步:

  1. 加入spring-boot-autoconfigure配置
  2. 编写自动配置类
    /**
     * 自动装配引导类
     *
     * @author duwenxu
     * @create 2021-01-21 18:29
     */
    @Configuration
    //仅当ChatServerStarter存在于类路径上时才会实例化Bean
    @ConditionalOnClass(ChatServerStarter.class)
    public class NettyWsAutoConfiguration {
    
        @Bean
        //仅当该BeanFactory中不存在chatServerStarter类型的Bean时注入该Bean
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean
        public ChatServerStarter chatServerStarter(){
            return new ChatServerStarter();
        }
    }
    
  3. 在META-INF文件夹下添加spring.factories添加自动配置类
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=com.netty.websocket.autoconf.NettyWsAutoConfiguration
    
  4. maven构建jar包:
    mvn clean install
    

3.2.需要注意:

  • starter是具有一个工具包的性质,因次应该去掉主类以及pom中的mainClass配置,否则会出现不能够注入bean的问题

3.3. 引用后的效果:

  • 加入依赖


    maven依赖信息.png
  • 日志打印websocket端口的绑定信息


    打印端口绑定信息.png
  • 打印新Channel连入信息


    打印新的channel连接信息.png
  • 可以实现websocket长连接推送功能


    在线测试.png
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