——如何阅读一本书笔记8
Part 2 Analytical Reading
CH9 Determining an Author’s Message
Words & Phrases (每日五词）
1. premise noun /ˈpremɪs/
Logic a previous statement or proposition from which another is inferred or follows as a conclusion
【逻】前提; 假定, 假设
if the premise is true, then the conclusion must be true.
如果前提正确, 那么结论必定正确。
2. interrogative /ˌɪntəˈrɒgətɪv/adjective
having or conveying the force of a question
疑问的; 讯问的; 好问的：
a hard, interrogative stare.
严厉且充满疑问的目光。
3. plaintiff /ˈpleɪntɪf/noun
Law a person who brings a case against another in a court of law
【律】原告。比较DEFENDANT.
4.besetting sin
a main or constant problem or fault坏习惯
My besetting sin is a fondness for sweets.
5.in a nutshell
in the fewest possible words
简单地（说）, 概括地（说）：
she put the matter in a nutshell.
她简单地介绍了一下事情的经过。
Summary of chapter 9
Key words: proposition, argument
proposition: It is an expression of author’s judgement about something.
argument: An argument is always a set or series of statements of which some provide the grounds or reasons for what is to be concluded.
In this chapter, the author tells more about the second stage of analytical reading and states three more rules - rule 6, rule 7 and rule8.
•RULE 6: Mark the most important sentences in a book and discover the propositions they contain.
•RULE 7: Locate or construct the basic arguments in the book by finding them in the connection or sentences.
•RULE 8: Determine which of his problems the author has solved, and which he has not; and as to the latter, decide which the author knew he had failed to solve.
Applying these rules ( including rule5 stated in chapter 8), we will have a chance to understand a book. We go from terms to propositions to arguments, by going from words to sentences to paragraphs. Finally, we will know whether an author have solved some problems or not.
Please keep in mind - state propositions in your own words, NOT repeat what the author said. The aim of reading is to increase understanding or knowledge, not just repeat the words from author. If you could not express propositions in your own words, you may have a risk of not completely understanding the book.
感悟：
1.如果你不能用自已的语言表达作者的观点，说明你没有读懂作者的观点；如果你不能把外语的观点转化成母语，或者立即只能停留在口语表达阶段，说明你没有完全掌握作者的观点。
如何检验你是不是真正理解作者的观点？方法有二：
- 可以用自己的语言解释作者的观点
- 把作者的观点跟自己的生活联系，看看你是否有相同或相关的经历。
笔记中的summary和感悟是个很好的阅读检验方法。以前我总是想，书读了就好，明白作者的意思就行了。这就陷入了自己设置的陷阱，以为自己懂了，放下书，却说不出一二三来，还安慰自己，作者的思想已经在我大脑中了。自欺欺人！
再做个英语语法测试，语法从小学开始学，已经学了十多年了。如果让你回答什么是主谓宾定状补，表语，同位语，从句，你都能用自己的语言解释清楚吗？
2.提升理解力是我们读书的目标，作者一再强调，理解力的提升是从understanding less to understanding more 的过程。
好多人说这本书不好读，正说明我们和作者之间的巨大差异，也是个从understanding less to understanding more的过程，所以不用焦躁，先读完一遍再说。
3.不要忘了一边读一边实践
