你将学到什么
在本教程中,我们将创建一个简单的实时聊天应用程序。它将包含一个聊天面板,用于存储您加入后收到的消息,当前连接的用户列表以及用于发送消息的输入字段。我们将使用WebSockets,因为WebSockets通过单个TCP连接为我们提供全双工通信通道,这意味着我们不必另外发送HTTP请求来发送和接收消息。WebSocket连接保持打开状态,大大减少了延迟(和复杂性)。
创建Spark Maven项目
首先,我们需要创建一个Spark Maven项目
<project>
<!-- model version - always 4.0.0 for Maven 2.x POMs -->
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<!-- project coordinates - values which uniquely identify this project -->
<groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
<artifactId>my-app</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<!-- library dependencies -->
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sparkjava</groupId>
<artifactId>spark-core</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
依赖
除了Spark之外,我们将使用简单的Java HTML Builder (j2html)来生成聊天消息。我们的POM.xml应该具有以下依赖项:
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sparkjava</groupId>
<artifactId>spark-core</artifactId>
<version>2.5.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.j2html</groupId>
<artifactId>j2html</artifactId>
<version>1.2.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.json</groupId>
<artifactId>json</artifactId>
<version>20160810</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
创建Java应用程序
我们需要跟踪所有用户并为其分配用户名。我们创建一个映射会话(userUsernameMap),将会话映射到用户名,Spark服务器代码:
public class Chat {
// this map is shared between sessions and threads, so it needs to be thread-safe (http://stackoverflow.com/a/2688817)
static Map<Session, String> userUsernameMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
static int nextUserNumber = 1; //Used for creating the next username
public static void main(String[] args) {
staticFileLocation("/public"); //index.html is served at localhost:4567 (default port)
webSocket("/chat", ChatWebSocketHandler.class);
init();
}
}
我们还需要创建一些方法来向所有连接的用户发送消息。我们只会向会话状态为open(Session :: isOpen)的用户发送消息。我们使用流和过滤器来减少列表(userUsernameMap的keySet),然后发出一个包含HTML消息和用户名列表(我们的userUsernameMap的值)的JSON结构:
//Sends a message from one user to all users, along with a list of current usernames
public static void broadcastMessage(String sender, String message) {
userUsernameMap.keySet().stream().filter(Session::isOpen).forEach(session -> {
try {
session.getRemote().sendString(String.valueOf(new JSONObject()
.put("userMessage", createHtmlMessageFromSender(sender, message))
.put("userlist", userUsernameMap.values())
));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
}
要创建HTML,我们将使用(j2html)。我们将创建一个包含发件人姓名,邮件本身和时间戳的文章标签:
//Builds a HTML element with a sender-name, a message, and a timestamp,
private static String createHtmlMessageFromSender(String sender, String message) {
return article().with(
b(sender + " says:"),
p(message),
span().withClass("timestamp").withText(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()))
).render();
}
设置我们的WebSocketHandler
我们将使用的方法非常简单:在用户连接时将用户添加到userUsernameMap,在断开连接时将其删除,并将所有消息发送给所有用户。由于我们需要用户名,但不想要复杂性,我们将根据有人连接到服务器的时间生成用户名:
@WebSocket
public class ChatWebSocketHandler {
private String sender, msg;
@OnWebSocketConnect
public void onConnect(Session user) throws Exception {
String username = "User" + Chat.nextUserNumber++;
Chat.userUsernameMap.put(user, username);
Chat.broadcastMessage(sender = "Server", msg = (username + " joined the chat"));
}
@OnWebSocketClose
public void onClose(Session user, int statusCode, String reason) {
String username = Chat.userUsernameMap.get(user);
Chat.userUsernameMap.remove(user);
Chat.broadcastMessage(sender = "Server", msg = (username + " left the chat"));
}
@OnWebSocketMessage
public void onMessage(Session user, String message) {
Chat.broadcastMessage(sender = Chat.userUsernameMap.get(user), msg = message);
}
}
构建JavaScript客户端
为了使用演示我们的应用程序工作,我们可以构建一个JavaScript客户端。首先我们创建index.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>WebsSockets</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
</head>
<body>
<div id="chatControls">
<input id="message" placeholder="Type your message">
<button id="send">Send</button>
</div>
<ul id="userlist"> <!-- Built by JS --> </ul>
<div id="chat"> <!-- Built by JS --> </div>
<script src="websocketDemo.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
如您所见,我们引用了一个名为style.css的样式表,它可以在GitHub上找到
完成聊天应用程序所需的最后一步是创建websocketDemo.js:
//Establish the WebSocket connection and set up event handlers
var webSocket = new WebSocket("ws://" + location.hostname + ":" + location.port + "/chat/");
webSocket.onmessage = function (msg) { updateChat(msg); };
webSocket.onclose = function () { alert("WebSocket connection closed") };
//Send message if "Send" is clicked
id("send").addEventListener("click", function () {
sendMessage(id("message").value);
});
//Send message if enter is pressed in the input field
id("message").addEventListener("keypress", function (e) {
if (e.keyCode === 13) { sendMessage(e.target.value); }
});
//Send a message if it's not empty, then clear the input field
function sendMessage(message) {
if (message !== "") {
webSocket.send(message);
id("message").value = "";
}
}
//Update the chat-panel, and the list of connected users
function updateChat(msg) {
var data = JSON.parse(msg.data);
insert("chat", data.userMessage);
id("userlist").innerHTML = "";
data.userlist.forEach(function (user) {
insert("userlist", "<li>" + user + "</li>");
});
}
//Helper function for inserting HTML as the first child of an element
function insert(targetId, message) {
id(targetId).insertAdjacentHTML("afterbegin", message);
}
//Helper function for selecting element by id
function id(id) {
return document.getElementById(id);
}
现在我们可以尝试在几个不同的浏览器窗口中打开localhost:4567并与自己交谈。