pip升级
pip show pip
python -m pip install --upgrade pippip安装包
pip install 安装包名pip查看是否已安装
pip show [--files] 安装包名pip检查哪些包需要更新
pip list --outdatedpip升级包
pip install --upgrade 要升级的包名pip卸载包
pip uninstall 要卸载的包名pip参数解释
pip --help
Usage:
pip <command> [options]
Commands:
install Install packages.
download Download packages.
uninstall Uninstall packages.
freeze Output installed packages in requirements format.
list List installed packages.
show Show information about installed packages.
check Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.
config Manage local and global configuration.
search Search PyPI for packages.
wheel Build wheels from your requirements.
hash Compute hashes of package archives.
completion A helper command used for command completion.
help Show help for commands.
General Options:
-h, --help Show help.
--isolated Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration.
-v, --verbose Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
-V, --version Show version and exit.
-q, --quiet Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding to
WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
--log <path> Path to a verbose appending log.
--proxy <proxy> Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
--retries <retries> Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
--timeout <sec> Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
--exists-action <action> Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup,
(a)bort.
--trusted-host <hostname> Mark this host as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any HTTPS.
--cert <path> Path to alternate CA bundle.
--client-cert <path> Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the
certificate in PEM format.
--cache-dir <dir> Store the cache data in <dir>.
--no-cache-dir Disable the cache.
--disable-pip-version-check
Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available for
download. Implied with --no-index.
--no-color Suppress colored output
- 常用命令
pip install ./downloads/SomePackage-1.0.4.tar.gz
pip install http://my.package.repo/SomePackage-1.0.4.zip
pip search "query" ##查询package的具体名称
pip uninstall package-name ##卸载
pip install SomePackage==1.0.4 ##指定版本的安装
pip install --upgrade SomePackage ##package 版本升级
- 将pip源更换到国内镜像
常用的国内镜像包括：
（1）阿里云 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
（2）豆瓣http://pypi.douban.com/simple/
（3）清华大学 https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
（4）中国科学技术大学 http://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/
（5）华中科技大学http://pypi.hustunique.com/
注意：新版ubuntu要求使用https源。
设置方法如下（以清华镜像为例，其它镜像同理）：
（1）临时使用：
可以在使用pip的时候，加上参数-i和镜像地址(如https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple)。
例如：pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple pandas，这样就会从清华镜像安装pandas库。
（2）永久修改，一劳永逸：
- Linux下，修改 ~/.pip/pip.conf (没有就创建一个文件夹及文件。文件夹要加“.”，表示是隐藏文件夹)
内容如下：
[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
[install]
trusted-host = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
- windows下，直接在user目录中创建一个pip目录，如：C:\Users\xx\pip，然后新建文件pip.ini，即 %HOMEPATH%\pip\pip.ini，在pip.ini文件中输入以下内容（以豆瓣镜像为例）：
[global]
index-url = http://pypi.douban.com/simple
[install]
trusted-host = pypi.douban.com
然后再安装
pip install pandas
- conda修改为国内源
运行以下命令:
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
conda config --set show_channel_urls yes
或者直接修改.condarc文件
channels:
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
- defaults
show_channel_urls: true
.condarc文件路径
windows c:\users\xxx
linux ~/.condarc
可用源
清华
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
中科大
http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
- Centos7安装python3.x
安装编译环境
yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel libffi-devel
下载python3 tarball
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.3/Python-3.7.3.tar.xz
解压
tar -xvJf Python-3.7.3.tar.xz
安装到指定路径
cd Python-3.7.3
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/bin/python3 --enable-shared --enable-universalsdk
make
make install
这里
--enable-shared 保证python会创建共享库（shared library），否则只会创建静态库(static library)
--enable-universalsdk 保证python会被编译成64位
解决如下报错
报错：
python3: error while loading shared libraries: libpython3.7m.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
如下处理：
find /usr/local -name libpython3.7m.so.1.0
回显
/usr/local/bin/python3/lib/libpython3.7m.so.1.0
看一下目录
cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/
ll
total 20
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 19 Oct 31 2018 dyninst-x86_64.conf
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 63 Aug 23 2017 kernel-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 17 Aug 5 2017 mariadb-x86_64.conf
然后执行如下命令
echo '/usr/local/bin/python3/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/python3.conf
ldconfig
制作链接
ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
验证
python3 -V
pip3 show pip
把默认python2.7设置成python3
mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/old_python
ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python
vim /usr/bin/yum
把第一行的路径改成刚才的/usr/bin/old_python：
#!/usr/bin/old_python
这样yum就不会报错了
- install pip for python3.x
- 首先安装setuptools
从官方模块库下载：https://pypi.python.org/pypi
wget --no-check-certificate https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-19.6.tar.gz#md5=c607dd118eae682c44ed146367a17e26
tar -zxvf setuptools-19.6.tar.gz
cd setuptools-19.6.tar.gz
python3 setup.py build
python3 setup.py install
- 安装pip
wget --no-check-certificate https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-8.0.2.tar.gz#md5=3a73c4188f8dbad6a1e6f6d44d117eeb
tar -zxvf pip-8.0.2.tar.gz
cd pip-8.0.2
python3 setup.py build
python3 setup.py install
