Geometry Editors（编辑）

ST_AddPoint—将点添加到LineString。

ST_AddPoint— Add a point to a LineString.

ST_CollectionExtract—给定（多）几何，返回仅由指定类型的元素组成的（多）几何。

ST_CollectionExtract— Given a (multi)geometry, return a (multi)geometry consisting only of elements of the specified type.

ST_CollectionHomogenize—给定一个几何集合，返回内容的“最简单”表示。

ST_CollectionHomogenize— Given a geometry collection, return the "simplest" representation of the contents.

ST_Force2D—将几何强制为“二维模式”。

ST_Force2D— Force the geometries into a "2-dimensional mode".

ST_Force3D—将几何强制为XYZ模式。这是ST_Force3DZ的别名。

ST_Force3D— Force the geometries into XYZ mode. This is an alias for ST_Force3DZ.

ST_Force3DZ—将几何强制为XYZ模式。

ST_Force3DZ— Force the geometries into XYZ mode.

ST_Force3DM—将几何强制为XYM模式。

ST_Force3DM— Force the geometries into XYM mode.

ST_Force4D—将几何强制为XYZM模式。

ST_Force4D— Force the geometries into XYZM mode.

ST_ForcePolygonCCW —逆时针旋转所有外环，顺时针旋转所有内环。

ST_ForcePolygonCCW — Orients all exterior rings counter-clockwise and all interior rings clockwise.

ST_ForceCollection—将几何转换为GEOMETRYCOLLECTION。

ST_ForceCollection— Convert the geometry into a GEOMETRYCOLLECTION.

ST_ForcePolygonCW—顺时针定向所有外环，逆时针定向 所有内环。

ST_ForcePolygonCW — Orients all exterior rings clockwise and all interior rings counter-clockwise.

ST_ForceSFS—强制几何仅使用SFS 1.1几何类型。

ST_ForceSFS— Force the geometries to use SFS 1.1 geometry types only.

ST_ForceRHR—强制多边形中顶点的方向遵循右手规则。

ST_ForceRHR— Force the orientation of the vertices in a polygon to follow the Right-Hand-Rule.

ST_ForceCurve—将几何体转换成其curved类型（如果适用）。

ST_ForceCurve— Upcast a geometry into its curved type, if applicable.

ST_LineMerge—返回通过将MULTILINESTRING缝合在一起而形成的（一组）LineString。（多线合并）

ST_LineMerge— Return a (set of) LineString(s) formed by sewing together a MULTILINESTRING.

ST_Multi—将几何返回为MULTI *几何。

ST_Multi— Return the geometry as a MULTI* geometry.

ST_Normalize—以规范形式返回几何。

ST_Normalize— Return the geometry in its canonical form.

ST_QuantizeCoordinates —将坐标的最低有效位设置为零

ST_QuantizeCoordinates — Sets least significant bits of coordinates to zero

ST_RemovePoint—从线串中删除点。

ST_RemovePoint— Remove point from a linestring.

ST_Reverse—返回顶点顺序相反的几何。

ST_Reverse— Return the geometry with vertex order reversed.

ST_Segmentize—返回修改后的几何/地理，其片段不超过给定距离。

ST_Segmentize— Return a modified geometry/geography having no segment longer than the given distance.

ST_SetPoint—用给定的点替换线串的点。

ST_SetPoint— Replace point of a linestring with a given point.

ST_SnapToGrid—将输入几何图形的所有点捕捉到常规网格。

ST_SnapToGrid— Snap all points of the input geometry to a regular grid.

ST_Snap—将输入几何的线段和顶点对齐到参考几何的顶点。(zj：几何校正可用）

ST_Snap— Snap segments and vertices of input geometry to vertices of a reference geometry.

ST_SwapOrdinates—返回交换给定纵坐标值的给定几何的版本。

ST_SwapOrdinates— Returns a version of the given geometry with given ordinate values swapped.

TIPS

1.ST_QuantizeCoordinates ——PostGIS将所有坐标值存储为双精度浮点整数，可以可靠地表示15个有效数字。但是，PostGIS可用于管理本质上少于15个有效数字的数据。TIGER数据就是一个例子，它以地理坐标的形式提供，小数点后有六位精度（因此只需要九位有效经度和八位有效纬度）

2.Segmentize细分

Geometry Validation（几何有效性）

ST_IsValid—测试几何是否在2D中格式正确。

ST_IsValid— Tests if a geometry is well-formed in 2D.

ST_IsValidDetail—返回valid_detail行，说明几何是否有效，如果不是，则说明原因和位置。

ST_IsValidDetail— Returns a valid_detail row stating if a geometry is valid, and if not a reason why and a location.

ST_IsValidReason—返回说明几何图形是否有效或无效原因的文本。

ST_IsValidReason— Returns text stating if a geometry is valid, or a reason for invalidity.

TIPS 

1. 这些功能根据OGC SFS标准测试几何形状是否有效。它们还提供有关无效性质和位置的信息。

Spatial Reference System Functions（空间参考系统）

ST_SetSRID—将几何图形上的SRID设置为特定的整数值。

ST_SetSRID— Set the SRID on a geometry to a particular integer value.

ST_SRID—返回空间索引表中定义的ST_Geometry的空间​​参考标识符。

ST_SRID— Returns the spatial reference identifier for the ST_Geometry as defined in spatial_ref_sys table.

ST_Transform—返回其坐标已转换为其他空间参考系统的新几何。

ST_Transform— Return a new geometry with its coordinates transformed to a different spatial reference system.

TIPS

1. work with the Spatial Reference System of geometries

Geometry Input（从文本或者二进制或者其他类型创建  geometry objects ）

 Well-Known Text (WKT)

ST_BdPolyFromText—根据给定的闭合线串的任意集合构造一个Polygon，作为 MultiLineString WKT表示形式。

ST_BdPolyFromText— Construct a Polygon given an arbitrary collection of closed linestrings as a MultiLineString Well-Known text representation.

ST_BdMPolyFromText—根据给定的闭合线串的任意集合构造一个MultiPolygon，作为 MultiLineString WKT表示形式。

ST_BdMPolyFromText— Construct a MultiPolygon given an arbitrary collection of closed linestrings as a MultiLineString text representation Well-Known text representation.

ST_GeogFromText—从WKT或扩展返回指定的地理值。

ST_GeogFromText— Return a specified geography value from Well-Known Text representation or extended (WKT).

ST_GeographyFromText—从知名文本表示形式WKT或扩展返回指定的地理值。

ST_GeographyFromText— Return a specified geography value from Well-Known Text representation or extended (WKT)

ST_GeomCollFromText—使用给定的SRID从集合WKT生成集合Geometry。如果未提供SRID，则默认为0。

ST_GeomCollFromText— Makes a collection Geometry from collection WKT with the given SRID. If SRID is not given, it defaults to 0.

ST_GeomFromEWKT—从扩展的WKT（EWKT）返回指定的ST_Geometry值。

ST_GeomFromEWKT— Return a specified ST_Geometry value from Extended Well-Known Text representation (EWKT).

ST_GeometryFromText—从（WKT）返回指定的ST_Geometry值。这是ST_GeomFromText的别名。

ST_GeometryFromText— Return a specified ST_Geometry value from Well-Known Text representation (WKT). This is an alias name for ST_GeomFromText

ST_GeomFromText—从知名文本表示形式（WKT）返回指定的ST_Geometry值。

ST_GeomFromText— Return a specified ST_Geometry value from Well-Known Text representation (WKT).

ST_LineFromText—使用给定的SRID从WKT表示形式制作几何。如果未提供SRID，则默认为0。

ST_LineFromText— Makes a Geometry from WKT representation with the given SRID. If SRID is not given, it defaults to 0.

ST_MLineFromText—从WKT表示形式返回指定的ST_MultiLineString值。

ST_MLineFromText— Return a specified ST_MultiLineString value from WKT representation.

ST_MPointFromText—使用给定的SRID从WKT创建几何。如果未提供SRID，则默认为0。

ST_MPointFromText— Makes a Geometry from WKT with the given SRID. If SRID is not given, it defaults to 0.

ST_MPolyFromText—使用给定的SRID从WKT创建MultiPolygon Geometry。如果未提供SRID，则默认为0。

ST_MPolyFromText— Makes a MultiPolygon Geometry from WKT with the given SRID. If SRID is not given, it defaults to 0.

ST_PointFromText—使用给定的SRID从WKT创建点几何。如果未提供SRID，则默认为未知。

ST_PointFromText— Makes a point Geometry from WKT with the given SRID. If SRID is not given, it defaults to unknown.

ST_PolygonFromText—使用给定的SRID从WKT创建几何。如果未提供SRID，则默认为0。

ST_PolygonFromText— Makes a Geometry from WKT with the given SRID. If SRID is not given, it defaults to 0.

ST_WKTToSQL—从（WKT）返回指定的ST_Geometry值。这是ST_GeomFromText的别名。

ST_WKTToSQL— Return a specified ST_Geometry value from Well-Known Text representation (WKT). This is an alias name for ST_GeomFromText

Well-Known Binary (WKB)

ST_GeogFromWKB—从一个（WKB）或扩展（EWKB）创建一个 geography实例。

ST_GeogFromWKB— Creates a geography instance from a Well-Known Binary geometry representation (WKB) or extended Well Known Binary (EWKB).

ST_GeomFromEWKB—从（EWKB）返回指定的ST_Geometry值。

ST_GeomFromEWKB— Return a specified ST_Geometry value from Extended Well-Known Binary representation (EWKB).

ST_GeomFromWKB—从（WKB）和可选的SRID创建geometry实例。

ST_GeomFromWKB— Creates a geometry instance from a Well-Known Binary geometry representation (WKB) and optional SRID.

ST_LineFromWKB— 使用给定的SRID从WKB中构建LINESTRING

ST_LineFromWKB— Makes a LINESTRING from WKB with the given SRID

ST_LinestringFromWKB—使用给定的SRID从WKB创建几何。

ST_LinestringFromWKB— Makes a geometry from WKB with the given SRID.

ST_PointFromWKB—使用给定的SRID从WKB创建几何

ST_PointFromWKB— Makes a geometry from WKB with the given SRID

ST_WKBToSQL—从众所周知的二进制表示形式（WKB）返回指定的ST_Geometry值。这是ST_GeomFromWKB的别名，不带srid

ST_WKBToSQL— Return a specified ST_Geometry value from Well-Known Binary representation (WKB). This is an alias name for ST_GeomFromWKB that takes no srid

Other Formats

ST_Box2dFromGeoHash—从GeoHash字符串返回BOX2D。

ST_Box2dFromGeoHash— Return a BOX2D from a GeoHash string.

ST_GeomFromGeoHash—从GeoHash字符串返回几何。

ST_GeomFromGeoHash— Return a geometry from a GeoHash string.

ST_GeomFromGML—将几何图形作为输入GML表示并输出PostGIS几何图形对象

ST_GeomFromGML— Takes as input GML representation of geometry and outputs a PostGIS geometry object

ST_GeomFromGeoJSON—将几何的geojson表示作为输入，并输出PostGIS几何对象

ST_GeomFromGeoJSON— Takes as input a geojson representation of a geometry and outputs a PostGIS geometry object

ST_GeomFromKML—将几何图形作为输入KML表示并输出PostGIS几何图形对象

ST_GeomFromKML— Takes as input KML representation of geometry and outputs a PostGIS geometry object

ST_GeomFromTWKB—从TWKB（“微小的已知二进制”）几何图形表示中创建几何图形实例。

ST_GeomFromTWKB— Creates a geometry instance from a TWKB ("Tiny Well-Known Binary") geometry representation.

ST_GMLToSQL—从GML表示形式返回指定的ST_Geometry值。这是ST_GeomFromGML的别名

ST_GMLToSQL— Return a specified ST_Geometry value from GML representation. This is an alias name for ST_GeomFromGML

ST_LineFromEncodedPolyline—从编码折线创建LineString。

ST_LineFromEncodedPolyline— Creates a LineString from an Encoded Polyline.

ST_PointFromGeoHash—从GeoHash字符串返回一个点。

ST_PointFromGeoHash— Return a point from a GeoHash string.

Tips

1. create geometry objects from various textual or binary formats

Geometry Output（将 geometry objects 转换为文本或者二进制 或者其他）

Well-Known Text (WKT)

ST_AsEWKT—返回带有SRID元数据的几何图形的（WKT）表示形式。

ST_AsEWKT— Return the Well-Known Text (WKT) representation of the geometry with SRID meta data.

ST_AsText—返回不带SRID元数据的几何/地理的（WKT）表示形式。

ST_AsText— Return the Well-Known Text (WKT) representation of the geometry/geography without SRID metadata.

Well-Known Binary (WKB)

ST_AsBinary—返回不包含SRID元数据的几何/地理的（WKB）表示形式。

ST_AsBinary— Return the Well-Known Binary (WKB) representation of the geometry/geography without SRID meta data.

ST_AsEWKB—返回带有SRID元数据的几何的（WKB）表示形式。

ST_AsEWKB— Return the Well-Known Binary (WKB) representation of the geometry with SRID meta data.

ST_AsHEXEWKB—使用小尾数（NDR）或大尾数（XDR）编码，以HEXEWKB格式（作为文本）返回Geometry。

ST_AsHEXEWKB— Returns a Geometry in HEXEWKB format (as text) using either little-endian (NDR) or big-endian (XDR) encoding.

Other Formats

ST_AsEncodedPolyline—从LineString几何返回编码多段线。

ST_AsEncodedPolyline— Returns an Encoded Polyline from a LineString geometry.

ST_AsGeobuf—返回一组行的Geobuf表示形式。

ST_AsGeobuf— Return a Geobuf representation of a set of rows.

ST_AsGeoJSON—将几何作为GeoJSON元素返回。

ST_AsGeoJSON— Return the geometry as a GeoJSON element.

ST_AsGML—将几何作为GML版本2或3返回。

ST_AsGML— Return the geometry as a GML version 2 or 3 element.

ST_AsKML—将几何作为KML元素返回。几种变体。默认版本= ​​2，默认最大十进制数字= 15

ST_AsKML— Return the geometry as a KML element. Several variants. Default version=2, default maxdecimaldigits=15

ST_AsLatLonText—返回给定点的度，分，秒表示。

ST_AsLatLonText— Return the Degrees, Minutes, Seconds representation of the given point.

ST_AsMVTGeom—将几何转换为 Mapbox Vector Tile的坐标空间。

ST_AsMVTGeom— Transform a geometry into the coordinate space of a Mapbox Vector Tile.

ST_AsMVT—聚合函数，返回一组行的Mapbox Vector Tile表示形式。

ST_AsMVT— Aggregate function returning a Mapbox Vector Tile representation of a set of rows.

ST_AsSVG—返回几何的SVG路径数据。

ST_AsSVG— Returns SVG path data for a geometry.

ST_AsTWKB—将几何返回为TWKB，又称“微小已知二进制”

ST_AsTWKB— Returns the geometry as TWKB, aka "Tiny Well-Known Binary"

ST_AsX3D—返回X3D xml节点元素格式的Geometry：ISO-IEC-19776-1.2-X3DEncodings-XML

ST_AsX3D— Returns a Geometry in X3D xml node element format: ISO-IEC-19776-1.2-X3DEncodings-XML

ST_GeoHash—返回几何的GeoHash表示形式。

ST_GeoHash— Return a GeoHash representation of the geometry.

TIPS

1. convert geometry objects into various textual or binary formats

Operators（运算符）

Bounding Box Operators（边界）

&&—返回TRUE A的2D边界框是否与B的2D边界框相交。

&&— Returns TRUE if A's 2D bounding box intersects B's 2D bounding box.

&&（geometry，box2df）-返回TRUE几何的（缓存的）2D边界框是否与2D浮点精度边界框（BOX2DF）相交。

&&(geometry,box2df)— Returns TRUE if a geometry's (cached) 2D bounding box intersects a 2D float precision bounding box (BOX2DF).

&&（box2df，geometry）—返回TRUE 2D浮点精度边界框（BOX2DF）与几何图形（缓存）的2D边界框是否相交。

&&(box2df,geometry)— Returns TRUE if a 2D float precision bounding box (BOX2DF) intersects a geometry's (cached) 2D bounding box.

&&（box2df，box2df）—返回TRUE两个2D浮点精度边界框（BOX2DF）是否相交。

&&(box2df,box2df)— Returns TRUE if two 2D float precision bounding boxes (BOX2DF) intersect each other.

&&&—返回TRUE A的nD边界框是否与B的nD边界框相交。

&&&— Returns TRUE if A's n-D bounding box intersects B's n-D bounding box.

&&&（geometry，gidx）—返回TRUE 几何的（缓存的）nD边界框是否与nD浮点精度边界框（GIDX）相交。

&&&(geometry,gidx)— Returns TRUE if a geometry's (cached) n-D bounding box intersects a n-D float precision bounding box (GIDX).

&&&（gidx，geometry）—返回TRUEnD浮点精度边界框（GIDX）是否与几何体（缓存的）nD边界框相交。

&&&(gidx,geometry)— Returns TRUE if a n-D float precision bounding box (GIDX) intersects a geometry's (cached) n-D bounding box.

&&&（gidx，gidx）—返回TRUE两个nD浮点精度边界框（GIDX）是否相交。

&&&(gidx,gidx)— Returns TRUE if two n-D float precision bounding boxes (GIDX) intersect each other.

&<—返回TRUE  A的边界框是否重叠或位于B的左侧。

&<— Returns TRUE if A's bounding box overlaps or is to the left of B's.

&<|—返回TRUE A的边界框是否重叠或低于B的边界框。

&<|— Returns TRUE if A's bounding box overlaps or is below B's.

&>—返回TRUE A'边界框是否重叠或位于B的右侧。

&>— Returns TRUE if A' bounding box overlaps or is to the right of B's.

<<—返回TRUE A的边界框是否严格位于B的左边。

<<— Returns TRUE if A's bounding box is strictly to the left of B's.

<<|— TRUE 如果A的边界框严格低于B的边界框，则返回。

<<|— Returns TRUE if A's bounding box is strictly below B's.

=—返回TRUE 几何/地理A的坐标和坐标顺序是否与几何B的坐标和坐标顺序相同。

=— Returns TRUE if the coordinates and coordinate order geometry/geography A are the same as the coordinates and coordinate order of geometry/geography B.

>>—返回TRUE A的边界框是否严格位于B的右边。

>>— Returns TRUE if A's bounding box is strictly to the right of B's.

@—返回TRUE A的边界框是否包含在B的边界框内。

@— Returns TRUE if A's bounding box is contained by B's.

@（geometry，box2df）—返回TRUE 几何的2D边界框是否包含在2D浮点精度边界框（BOX2DF）中。

@(geometry,box2df)— Returns TRUE if a geometry's 2D bounding box is contained into a 2D float precision bounding box (BOX2DF).

@（box2df，geometry）—返回TRUE 是否将2D浮点精度边界框（BOX2DF）包含在几何的2D边界框中。

@(box2df,geometry)— Returns TRUE if a 2D float precision bounding box (BOX2DF) is contained into a geometry's 2D bounding box.

@（box2df，box2df）—返回TRUE一个2D浮点精度边界框（BOX2DF）是否包含在另一个2D浮点精度边界框中。

@(box2df,box2df)— Returns TRUE if a 2D float precision bounding box (BOX2DF) is contained into another 2D float precision bounding box.

| &&>—返回TRUE A的边界框是否重叠或高于B的边界框。

|&>— Returns TRUE if A's bounding box overlaps or is above B's.

| >>—返回TRUE A的边界框是否严格高于B的边界框。

|>>— Returns TRUE if A's bounding box is strictly above B's.

〜—返回TRUE A的边界框是否包含B的边界。

~— Returns TRUE if A's bounding box contains B's.

〜（geometry，box2df）—返回TRUE 几何的2D绑定框是否包含2D浮点精度边界框（GIDX）。

~(geometry,box2df)— Returns TRUE if a geometry's 2D bonding box contains a 2D float precision bounding box (GIDX).

〜（box2df，geometry）-返回TRUE 2D浮点精度边界框（BOX2DF）是否包含几何的2D绑定框。

~(box2df,geometry)— Returns TRUE if a 2D float precision bounding box (BOX2DF) contains a geometry's 2D bonding box.

〜（box2df，box2df）—返回TRUE 2D浮点精度边界框（BOX2DF）是否包含另一个2D浮点精度边界框（BOX2DF）。

~(box2df,box2df)— Returns TRUE if a 2D float precision bounding box (BOX2DF) contains another 2D float precision bounding box (BOX2DF).

〜=—返回TRUE A的边界框是否与B的边界框相同。

~=— Returns TRUE if A's bounding box is the same as B's.

Distance Operators（距离）

<->—返回A和B之间的2D距离。

<->— Returns the 2D distance between A and B.

|=|—返回A和B轨迹之间最接近的点之间的距离。

|=|— Returns the distance between A and B trajectories at their closest point of approach.

<＃>—返回A和B边界框之间的2D距离。

<#>— Returns the 2D distance between A and B bounding boxes.

<<->>—返回A和B边界框的形心之间的nD距离。

<<->>— Returns the n-D distance between the centroids of A and B bounding boxes.

<<＃>>—返回A和B边界框之间的nD距离。

<<#>>— Returns the n-D distance between A and B bounding boxes.