吃点蘑菇，改变性格

文|Matt Blake 《独立报》 英国

45年前，艺高胆大的迷幻药天师 Timothy Leary [1] 这么号召敬仰膜拜他的 high 货们：大家一起来跟我“聚神、入世、出离” [2]！。这下好了，严肃的研究者们竟然发现：致幻蘑菇这玩意儿可以改变人的性格，而且是往好里变。

致幻蘑菇，因为能让人产生迷幻效果而闻名遐迩。它迷幻，又不伤脑，所含的迷幻成分能增强人的感官、审美——这是一帮子科学家说的。约翰·霍普金斯大学[3]医学院的研究表明，嗑点裸盖菇素，有益身心健康一整年。裸盖菇素就是小蘑菇里面的有效成分。霍普金斯大学的精神行为学教授 Roland Griffiths 说：“这个神奇的成分能改变人审视自己、审视周边环境的方式。这是个前所未有的发现啊！”

研究表明，嗑了这株神菇的人会变得越来越“开放”。“开放性”这词是心理学里的人格5因素[4]之一。开放决定一个人的：想象力、艺术情操、感知力、抽象思维，以及，博爱情怀。其它四个因素，神经质、外倾性、宜人性和认真性，压根没被神菇影响。

当然咯，实验是在严格的科学条件控制下进行。研究者给51个成年人发神菇和安慰剂，5天，每天8小时的剂量。他们被要求躺在沙发上，闭上双眼，听着音乐，全神贯注于自己的“内心体验”。

他们每次嗑药后的人格表现会被记录在案，一年后，又对他们的性格进行测试。51个人当中，30个嗑了药的人当下表现得很开放，而且他们开放值high了一整年。另外21个其实嗑的是安慰剂的人，就没啥特别变化了。

知觉麻木、审美情趣低的人，请来点蘑菇吧！（译者自己加）

译者注释：

[1]  蒂莫西·利里（英语：Timothy Francis Leary，1920年10月22日－1996年5月31日），美国著名心理学家、作家，以其晚年对迷幻药的研究而知名。

[2] turn on, tune in and drop out, 我个人倾向于翻译成“啥也别管，尽情飞”。

[3] 约翰霍普金斯大学的医学院，美国顶尖私立大学，由富商、慈善事业家J．霍普金斯捐资于1876年创办。

[4] 人格结构中的五个因素：神经质（N）、外倾性（E）、经验开放性（O）、宜人性（A）和认真性（C）。

若发现中英非100%对照，纯属译者自娱自乐。

---------------------------------------------------------

Single Magic Mushroom 'Can Change Personality'

By Matt Blake/independent.co.uk

Forty-five years after Timothy Leary, the apostle of drug-induced mysticism, urged his hippie followers to "turn on, tune in and drop out", researchers have found that magic mushrooms do change a user's personality – for the better.

The fungi have long been known for their psychedelic effects, but far from damaging the brain, the hallucinogenic drug they contain enhances feelings and aesthetic sensibilities, scientists say. The study, at Johns Hopkins University of Medicine in Baltimore, found that a single dose of psilocybin, the active ingredient in magic mushrooms, was enough to cause positive effects for up to a year. "Psilocybin can facilitate experiences that change how people perceive themselves and their environment," said Roland Griffiths, a study author and professor of psychiatry and behavioural science at Johns Hopkins. "That's unprecedented."

Users who had a "mystical experience" while taking the drug showed increases in a personality trait dubbed "openness", one of the five major traits used in psychology to describe human personality. Openness is associated with imagination, artistic appreciation, feelings, abstract ideas and general broad-mindedness. None of the other four traits – extroversion, neuroticism, agreeableness and conscientiousness – was altered.

Under controlled scientific conditions, researchers gave 51 adults either psilocybin or a placebo in up to five eight-hour sessions. They were told to lie on a sofa with their eyes covered and listen to music while focusing on an "inner experience".

Their personalities were screened after each drug session and also about a year later. Of the 51, 30 had a mystical experience, after which their openness scores rose, and remained higher for up to a year after the tests. The 21 who did not have a mystical experience showed no change.