java.util.Properties 继承了 java.util.Hashtable<Object, Object>
类
基本用法是new Properties()
再调用load方法读取相应的配置文件
package com.demon.test.testProperties;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
Properties properties = new Properties();
// properties.load(inStream); //调用load(InputStream inStream);//从流中读入配置文件
// properties.load(reader); //调用load(Reader reader);//从流中读入配置文件
// properties.loadFromXML(in); //调用loadFromXML(InputStream in)//从流中读入xml格式配置文件
// properties.store(out, comments); //调用store(OutputStream out, String comments)//输出配置文件到流
properties.load(new FileInputStream("properties_InputStream"));
properties.store(System.out, "show this properties 1");
properties.load(new FileReader("properties_Reader"));
properties.store(System.out, "show this properties 2");
properties.loadFromXML(new FileInputStream("XML_properties_InputStream"));
properties.store(System.out, "show this properties 3");
}
}
输出如下:
#show this properties 1
#Mon Dec 25 17:52:12 CST 2017
name=demon
#show this properties 2
#Mon Dec 25 17:52:12 CST 2017
age=123
name=demon
#show this properties 3
#Mon Dec 25 17:52:12 CST 2017
age=123
name=demon.li
key=value
读入的三个配置文件内容为:
properties_InputStream:
name = demon
properties_Reader
name = demon
age = 123
XML_properties_InputStream
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE properties SYSTEM "http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd">
<properties>
<entry key="name">demon.li</entry>
<entry key="key">value</entry>
</properties>
1.输入
Properties 从流中读入配置时调用的三个方法:
public synchronized void load(Reader reader) throws IOException {
load0(new LineReader(reader));
}
public synchronized void load(InputStream inStream) throws IOException {
load0(new LineReader(inStream));
}
public synchronized void loadFromXML(InputStream in)
throws IOException, InvalidPropertiesFormatException
{
XmlSupport.load(this, Objects.requireNonNull(in));
in.close();
}
可以看到,load(Reader reader)
、load(InputStream inStream)
是为load0 (LineReader lr)
方法做了代理,分析load(InputStream inStream)
方法和Properties$LineReader
内部类,可以看到,load0 (LineReader lr)
调用了lr.readLine()
方法从流中解析出一行有效的配置,再解析成对应的key和value,调用Object java.util.Hashtable.put(Object key, Object value)
将解析出来的key-value添加到自身(Hashtable)中
//java.util.Properties.load0(LineReader)
String key = loadConvert(lr.lineBuf, 0, keyLen, convtBuf);
String value = loadConvert(lr.lineBuf, valueStart, limit - valueStart, convtBuf);
put(key, value);
loadFromXML(InputStream in)
方法调用了java.util.Properties.XmlSupport.load(Properties, InputStream)
最终调用的是sun.util.spi.XmlPropertiesProvider.load(Properties arg0, InputStream arg1)
方法,相对复杂但是从使用效果上看,和load是保持一致的,最后还是会将解析出来的key-value添加到自身去。
这种设计可以同时load多个配置文件,先load的配置有可能被覆盖
要修改或增加配置,最好调用java.util.Properties.setProperty(String, String)
方法,即使它只是做了代理
public synchronized Object setProperty(String key, String value) {
return put(key, value);
}
2.输出
Properties提供了list、save、store一系列方法帮助我们将配置写入输出流中,具体方法请alt+/
其中java.util.Properties.save(OutputStream, String)
方法已废弃,可以看到它代理了java.util.Properties.store(OutputStream, String)
方法,我们使用时直接调用store系列方法即可
java.util.Properties.store(OutputStream, String)
和java.util.Properties.store(Writer, String)
方法是java.util.Properties.store0(BufferedWriter, String, boolean)
方法的代理,从源码可以看出该方法遍历打印了所有的key-value,list方法也大同小异
private void store0(BufferedWriter bw, String comments, boolean escUnicode)
throws IOException
{
if (comments != null) {
writeComments(bw, comments);
}
bw.write("#" + new Date().toString());
bw.newLine();
synchronized (this) {
for (Enumeration<?> e = keys(); e.hasMoreElements();) {
String key = (String)e.nextElement();
String val = (String)get(key);
key = saveConvert(key, true, escUnicode);
/* No need to escape embedded and trailing spaces for value, hence
* pass false to flag.
*/
val = saveConvert(val, false, escUnicode);
bw.write(key + "=" + val);
bw.newLine();
}
}
bw.flush();
}
java.util.Properties.storeToXML(OutputStream, String)
、java.util.Properties.storeToXML(OutputStream, String, String)
这两个方法和java.util.Properties.loadFromXML(InputStream)
方法一样,最后最为调用的是sun.util.spi.XmlPropertiesProvider.store(Properties arg0, OutputStream arg1, String arg2, String arg3)
方法,效果和java.util.Properties.store(OutputStream, String)
和java.util.Properties.store(Writer, String)
方法保持一致。
两个list方法和两个store方法类似。
补充:需要注意,properties.load进去后,输入流不会被关闭,在读取完配置文件后,应该手动关闭掉输入流