Docker其实就是一种封装的迷你的操作系统，比如一个软件需要依赖很多东西才能运行，那么就可以把这个软件的整个依赖系统一起打包进一个docker。由于docker里面已经封装了这个软件的很多操作依赖，从而在迁移到其他系统给别人用的时候而无需考虑新的操作环境的差别，所以让别人用就很方便。
当然docker从出现到现在起码有十年了，所以也有一些新的可以替代docker的，减少了docker的一些缺陷的新的容器方式出现。
2022 年要考虑的 7 种 Docker 替代方案_开源_Sudip Sengupta_InfoQ精选文章
安装
CentOS Docker 安装 | 菜鸟教程 (runoob.com)
使用
Docker 容器使用 | 菜鸟教程 (runoob.com)
(base) [lp@localhost run]$ docker
Usage: docker COMMAND
A self-sufficient runtime for containers
Options:
--config string Location of client config files (default "/home/maolp/.docker")
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
--help Print usage
-H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to (default [])
-l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug", "info", "warn", "error", "fatal") (default "info")
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/home/maolp/.docker/ca.pem")
--tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/home/maolp/.docker/cert.pem")
--tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/home/maolp/.docker/key.pem")
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit
Management Commands:
container Manage containers
image Manage images
network Manage networks
node Manage Swarm nodes
plugin Manage plugins
secret Manage Docker secrets
service Manage services
stack Manage Docker stacks
swarm Manage Swarm
system Manage Docker
volume Manage volumes
Commands:
attach Attach to a running container
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem
events Get real time events from the server
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
history Show the history of an image
images List images
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
info Display system-wide information
inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects
kill Kill one or more running containers
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
login Log in to a Docker registry
logout Log out from a Docker registry
logs Fetch the logs of a container
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
ps List containers
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers
rm Remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images
run Run a command in a new container
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
search Search the Docker Hub for images
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
version Show the Docker version information
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
检验docker是否安装成功。
启动docker服务
service docker start
列出已经存在的docker镜像
docker images
运行hello-world镜像
docker run hello-world
镜像加速网址写入daemon.json文件中,如果不存在就新建此文件。
vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
#新建
# touch /etc/docker/daemon.json
systemctl restart docker
docker info
设置docker开启自启动
systemctl enable docker
docker的常用命令
systemctl start docker
systemctl restart docker
systemctl stop docker
systemctl enable docker #设置docker开机自启
基本命令
docker info
docker version
docker --help
镜像命令
docker images #查看docker镜像列表
docker images -a #列出本地所有镜像
docker images --digests #显示镜像的摘要信息
docker search redis #从docker hub上搜索redis镜像
docker pull redis #从docker hub上下载redis镜像
docker rmi 123456 #删除image id为123456的镜像
运行命令
docker run -d -p 1234:5678 --name myredis redis:latest #根据镜像创建并运行容器
-p 1234:5678 #端口映射：前面为主机部分，后面为容器部分
-d #在后台运行容器并打印容器名称/容器id
--name myredis #表示自定义容器名称为myredis
容器命令
docker container ls 或者 docker ps #查看正在运行的容器
docker container ls -a 或者 docker ps -a #列出所有容器
docker container start 容器ID 或者 容器名称 #启动容器
docker start 容器ID 或者 容器名称
docker container stop 容器ID 或者 容器名称 #停止容器
docker stop 容器ID 或者 容器名称
docker container rm 容器ID 或者 容器名称 #删除容器
docker rm 容器ID 或者 容器名称
docker container logs -f 容器ID 或者 容器名称 #查看容器日志
docker exec -it name /bin/bash #进入name（容器ID或者容器名称）中开启交互式终端，使用exit退出
使用新的系统
docker run -t -i ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash
exit ###退出
docker stop
docker images
docker rmi 13b66b487594 --force ##强制删除
docker images
