前言
笔者学习Spring Boot有一段时间了,附上Spring Boot系列学习文章,大家有兴趣可以参考参考:
- 5分钟入手Spring Boot;
- Spring Boot数据库交互之Spring Data JPA;
- Spring Boot数据库交互之Mybatis;
- Spring Boot视图技术;
- Spring Boot之整合Swagger;
- Spring Boot之junit单元测试踩坑;
- 如何在Spring Boot中使用TestNG;
- Spring Boot之整合logback日志;
- Spring Boot之整合Spring Batch:批处理与任务调度;
- Spring Boot之整合Spring Security: 访问认证;
在上一篇文章Spring Boot之整合Spring Security:访问认证中,我们一起学习了Spring Security的访问认证实现,旨在探索如何用Spring Security进行访问认证控制,简单的说就是:
-
未登录状态下,站点的所有访问均跳转到登录页面,包括API;
而这样的操作或设置远不能代表真实场景,一般我们会面临以下问题:
1. 未登录状态下,访问API应返回HTTP 状码401,并伴随提示性response body;
2. 不同用户需要不同的访问权限,即权限管理;
今天我们就来探索如何实现这2个需求!
项目代码仍用已上传的Git Hub仓库,欢迎取阅:
整体步骤
- 准备不同角色的用户;
- 准备测试接口;
- 美化登录页面;
- 授权管理配置;
- 验证授权效果;
1. 准备不同角色的用户;
1). 规范化角色;
在上一篇文章Spring Boot之整合Spring Security:访问认证,我们在多处使用角色信息:
.roles("admin")
...
.roles("user")
...
SimpleGrantedAuthority authority = new SimpleGrantedAuthority("admin");
...
像这种多处使用的数据,应该做个集中管理与限制,因此,我们在项目中创建constant包,创建一个枚举类:UserTypeEnum,代码如:
package com.github.dylanz666.constant;
/**
* @author : dylanz
* @since : 09/07/2020
*/
public enum UserTypeEnum {
ADMIN,
USER
}
然后把所有角色进行重构替换,这样我们将角色进行集中管理与限制,更为严谨;
- User实体类增加userType;
package com.github.dylanz666.domain;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* @author : dylanz
* @since : 08/31/2020
*/
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Data
@Component
public class User implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private String username;
private String password;
private String userType;
}
- 创建用户时存储角色信息,查询时也查询出角色信息;
package com.github.dylanz666.service;
import com.github.dylanz666.constant.UserTypeEnum;
import com.github.dylanz666.domain.User;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
/**
* @author : dylanz
* @since : 08/31/2020
*/
@Service
public class UserDetailsServiceImpl implements UserDetailsService {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
@Autowired
private UserDetailsImpl userService;
@Autowired
private UserDetails userDetails;
@Override
public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
//Spring Security要求必须加密密码
BCryptPasswordEncoder passwordEncoder = new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
//模拟从数据库中取出用户信息,使用的sql如: SELECT * FROM USER WHERE USER_NAME='cherrys'
List<User> userList = new ArrayList<>();
User firstUser = new User();
firstUser.setUsername("cherrys");
firstUser.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encode("123"));
firstUser.setUserType(UserTypeEnum.USER.toString());
userList.add(firstUser);
User secondUser = new User();
secondUser.setUsername("randyh");
secondUser.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encode("456"));
secondUser.setUserType(UserTypeEnum.USER.toString());
userList.add(secondUser);
List<User> mappedUsers = userList.stream().filter(s -> s.getUsername().equals(username)).collect(Collectors.toList());
//判断用户是否存在
User user;
if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(mappedUsers)) {
logger.info(String.format("The user %s is not found !", username));
throw new UsernameNotFoundException(String.format("The user %s is not found !", username));
}
user = mappedUsers.get(0);
return new UserDetailsImpl(user);
}
}
- 使用角色信息时,均在限定范围内:
.roles(UserTypeEnum.ADMIN.toString())
...
.roles(UserTypeEnum.UAER.toString())
...
SimpleGrantedAuthority authority = new SimpleGrantedAuthority(this.currentUser.getUserType());
...
2. 准备测试接口;
我们准备4种接口,用于Demo授权管理:
- 任何角色登录均可访问;
- 无需登录即可访问;
- ADMIN角色登录方可访问;
- USER及比USER权限大的角色登录方可访问;
package com.github.dylanz666.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
* @author : dylanz
* @since : 08/30/2020
*/
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@GetMapping("/hello")//任何角色登录均可访问;
public String sayHello() {
return "Hello!";
}
@GetMapping("/ping")//无需登录即可访问;
public String ping() {
return "Success!";
}
@GetMapping("/admin/hello")//ADMIN角色登录方可访问;
public String adminHello() {
return "Hello admin!";
}
@GetMapping("/user/hello")//USER及比USER权限大的角色登录方可访问;
public String userHello() {
return "Hello user!";
}
}
3. 美化登录页面;
在上一期文章中,我们使用了自定义的登录页面,但样子实在丑,有同学也许想看下,我们如何自己做个美丽的登录页面,因此我也稍微美化了一下:
1). 在resources文件夹下创建static文件夹,用于放置静态资源,如图片、CSS文件、js文件等,我们用于放一张登录背景图:
2). 更新resources/templates/login.html模板文件:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Spring Security Example</title>
</head>
<body class="body">
<div class="main">
<div class="welcome">Welcome</div>
<hr/>
<form th:action="@{/login}" method="post">
<div>
<input type="text" name="username" placeholder="username" class="input">
</div>
<div>
<input type="password" name="password" placeholder="password" class="input">
</div>
<div th:style="'vertical-align:middle'">
<button class="button">Sign In</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</body>
<style>
.body {
background-image: url("/20200907.jpg");
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: fixed;
background-size: cover
}
.welcome {
font-size:36px;color: white;
}
.main {
border:5px solid white;
border-radius: 5px;
width: 320px;
height: 220px;
margin: 120px auto;
display: table;
text-align: center;
line-height: 40px;
vertical-align: middle;
display: table;
}
.button {
margin-top: 10px;
border: none;
background-color: #4CAF50;
color: white;
padding: 12px 30px;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none;
display: inline-block;
font-size: 14px;
border-radius: 3px;
}
.input {
margin-top: 10px;
border: 2px solid #a1a1a1;
background: white;
width: 200px;
height: 18px;
padding: 12px 30px;
border-radius: 5px;
padding: 10px 28px;
text-decoration: none;
display: inline-block;
font-size: 14px;
border-radius: 3px;
}
</style>
</html>
3). 登录页面效果:
感觉漂亮多了吧!
4. 授权管理配置;
1). 自定义无权限报错实体类;
在授权之前,我们先自定义一个无权限报错实体类,定义当无权限访问时,告知客户端的信息。在domain包下创建AuthorizationException实体类,代码如下:
package com.github.dylanz666.domain;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* @author : dylanz
* @since : 09/07/2020
*/
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Data
@Component
public class AuthorizationException implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private int code;
private String status;
private String uri;
private String message;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "{" +
"\"code\":\"" + code + "\"," +
"\"status\":\"" + status + "\"," +
"\"message\":\"" + message + "\"," +
"\"uri\":\"" + uri + "\"" +
"}";
}
}
2). 开放静态资源访问;
修改config包下的WebMvcConfig类,如:
package com.github.dylanz666.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ViewControllerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
/**
* @author : dylanz
* @since : 08/30/2020
*/
@Configuration
public class WebMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/home.html").setViewName("home");
registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("home");
registry.addViewController("/hello.html").setViewName("hello");
registry.addViewController("/login.html").setViewName("login");
}
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
registry.addResourceHandler("/**").addResourceLocations("classpath:/static/");
}
}
3). 授权管理配置;
- 修改WebSecurityConfig如下:
package com.github.dylanz666.config;
import com.github.dylanz666.constant.UserTypeEnum;
import com.github.dylanz666.domain.AuthorizationException;
import com.github.dylanz666.service.UserDetailsServiceImpl;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.access.hierarchicalroles.RoleHierarchy;
import org.springframework.security.access.hierarchicalroles.RoleHierarchyImpl;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.WebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.provisioning.InMemoryUserDetailsManager;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
/**
* @author : dylanz
* @since : 08/30/2020
*/
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Autowired
private UserDetailsServiceImpl userDetailsService;
@Autowired
private AuthorizationException authorizationException;
@Override
public void configure(WebSecurity web) throws Exception {
web.ignoring().antMatchers("/*.jpg", "/*.png", "/*.css", "/*.js");
}
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity httpSecurity) throws Exception {
httpSecurity
.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/", "/home.html", "/ping").permitAll()//这3个url不用访问认证
.antMatchers("/admin/**").hasRole(UserTypeEnum.ADMIN.toString())
.antMatchers("/user/**").hasRole(UserTypeEnum.USER.toString())
.anyRequest()
.authenticated()//其他url都需要访问认证
.and()
.formLogin()
.loginPage("/login.html")//登录页面的url
.loginProcessingUrl("/login")//登录表使用的API
.permitAll()//login.html和login不需要访问认证
.and()
.logout()
.permitAll()//logout不需要访问认证
.and()
.csrf()
.disable()
.exceptionHandling()
.accessDeniedHandler(((httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse, e) -> {
httpServletResponse.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);
httpServletResponse.setContentType("application/json");
authorizationException.setCode(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);
authorizationException.setStatus("FAIL");
authorizationException.setMessage("FORBIDDEN");
authorizationException.setUri(httpServletRequest.getRequestURI());
PrintWriter printWriter = httpServletResponse.getWriter();
printWriter.write(authorizationException.toString());
printWriter.flush();
printWriter.close();
}))
.authenticationEntryPoint((httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse, e) -> {
if (httpServletRequest.getRequestURI().equals("/hello.html")) {
httpServletResponse.sendRedirect("/login.html");
return;
}
httpServletResponse.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED);
httpServletResponse.setContentType("application/json");
authorizationException.setCode(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED);
authorizationException.setStatus("FAIL");
authorizationException.setUri(httpServletRequest.getRequestURI());
authorizationException.setMessage("UNAUTHORIZED");
PrintWriter printWriter = httpServletResponse.getWriter();
printWriter.write(authorizationException.toString());
printWriter.flush();
printWriter.close();
});
httpSecurity.userDetailsService(userDetailsService());
httpSecurity.userDetailsService(userDetailsService);
}
@Bean
@Override
public UserDetailsService userDetailsService() {
BCryptPasswordEncoder bCryptPasswordEncoder = new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
UserDetails dylanz =
User.withUsername("dylanz")
.password(bCryptPasswordEncoder.encode("666"))
.roles(UserTypeEnum.ADMIN.toString())
.build();
UserDetails ritay =
User.withUsername("ritay")
.password(bCryptPasswordEncoder.encode("888"))
.roles(UserTypeEnum.USER.toString())
.build();
UserDetails jonathanw =
User.withUsername("jonathanw")
.password(bCryptPasswordEncoder.encode("999"))
.roles(UserTypeEnum.USER.toString())
.build();
return new InMemoryUserDetailsManager(dylanz, ritay, jonathanw);
}
@Bean
public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}
@Bean
public RoleHierarchy roleHierarchy() {
RoleHierarchyImpl roleHierarchy = new RoleHierarchyImpl();
roleHierarchy.setHierarchy("ROLE_" + UserTypeEnum.ADMIN.toString() + " > ROLE_" + UserTypeEnum.USER.toString());
return roleHierarchy;
}
}
我们来解读一下:
- "/.jpg", "/.png", "/.css", "/.js" 这几种类型的资源访问,均不需要认证;
- 对API进行授权,不同API需要不同的角色:
//以admin开头的API,需要ADMIN或更大权限的角色;
.antMatchers("/admin/**").hasRole(UserTypeEnum.ADMIN.toString())
//以user开头的API,需要USER或更大权限的角色;
.antMatchers("/user/**").hasRole(UserTypeEnum.USER.toString())
- 当权限不足时,我们自定义了权限不足逻辑:
(1). 访问的资源时,由于权限不足,角色权限不足,则API报403,且API返回我们自定义的无权限报错信息;
(2). 当用户访问资源时,由于用户未登录,则API报401,且API返回我们自定义的无权限报错信息;
(3). 当用户访问资源时,权限不足且访问的是/hello.html页面,则重定向到登录页面/login.html,这样避免权限不足访问/hello.html页面时也报401;
.exceptionHandling()
.accessDeniedHandler(((httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse, e) -> { httpServletResponse.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);
httpServletResponse.setContentType("application/json");
authorizationException.setCode(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);
authorizationException.setStatus("FAIL");
authorizationException.setMessage("FORBIDDEN");
authorizationException.setUri(httpServletRequest.getRequestURI());
PrintWriter printWriter = httpServletResponse.getWriter();
printWriter.write(authorizationException.toString());
printWriter.flush();
printWriter.close();
}))
.authenticationEntryPoint((httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse, e) -> {
if (httpServletRequest.getRequestURI().equals("/hello.html")) {
httpServletResponse.sendRedirect("/login.html");
return;
}
httpServletResponse.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED);
httpServletResponse.setContentType("application/json");
authorizationException.setCode(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED);
authorizationException.setStatus("FAIL");
authorizationException.setUri(httpServletRequest.getRequestURI());
authorizationException.setMessage("UNAUTHORIZED");
PrintWriter printWriter = httpServletResponse.getWriter();
printWriter.write(authorizationException.toString());
printWriter.flush();
printWriter.close();
});
4). 角色继承;
在实际使用场景中,有些角色拥有其他角色的所有权限,这时,如果为每个角色都单独创建完整的权限表,那么有时候会相当冗余。
因此,这时候我们就要用到Spirng Security中的角色继承;
在WebSecurityConfig类中,我写了一个角色继承的例子:
@Bean
public RoleHierarchy roleHierarchy() {
RoleHierarchyImpl roleHierarchy = new RoleHierarchyImpl();
roleHierarchy.setHierarchy("ROLE_" + UserTypeEnum.ADMIN.toString() + " > ROLE_" + UserTypeEnum.USER.toString());
return roleHierarchy;
}
即:USER继承于ADMIN角色,USER角色只拥有ADMIN的部分功能,而ADMIN拥有USER角色的所有功能;
注意角色继承的写法,每个角色前要加ROLE_,继承时用 > 符号连接,符号左边权限大,符号右边权限小。
5). 资源多角色访问配置;
假设我们有些/any开头的API,可以给多个角色使用,如SUPERVISOR角色(假设有这个角色)和USER角色,我们可以在WebSecurityConfig中这么配置:
.antMatchers("/any/**").hasAnyRole(UserTypeEnum.SUPERVISOR.toString(), UserTypeEnum.USER.toString())
5. 验证授权效果;
启动项目:
开始验证:
1). 访问不用访问认证的API;
2). 访问需要任意角色通过访问认证的API;
-
登录前:
登录后:
3). 访问需要ADMIN角色通过访问认证的API;
-
登录前:
-
登录后:
4). 访问需要USER角色通过访问认证的API;
-
登录前:
-
登录后:
-
访问权限外API:(注意,此时的API status code为403,可以从浏览器的Network中查看)
5). 访问不存在的API;
我没有额外定制不存在的错误信息或错误页面,默认为:
Controller中授权管理
除了上述在WebSecurityConfig统一对API进行授权,我们还可以在项目的Controller中进行授权管理,步骤:
1. WebSecurityConfig类添加注解:@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true),如:
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
...
2. Controller内增加另外的API,并在API中配置权限,而不是在WebSecurityConfig中配置:
@GetMapping("/controller/hello")
@PreAuthorize(value="isAuthenticated()")//任何角色登录均可访问;
public String controllerAnyHello() {
return "Hello controller any!";
}
@GetMapping("/controller/admin/hello")
@PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")//ADMIN角色登录方可访问;
public String controllerAdminHello() {
return "Hello controller admin!";
}
@GetMapping("/controller/both/hello")
@PreAuthorize("hasAnyRole('ADMIN', 'USER')")//ADMIN或USER角色登录方可访问;
public String controllerBothHello() {
return "Hello controller both!";
}
简单分析一下:
1). 使用@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity注解后,Controller中的@PreAuthorize方可生效;
2). @PreAuthorize注解内可以指定权限,如:
- @PreAuthorize(value="isAuthenticated()"),代表//任何角色登录均可访问;
- @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')"),代表ADMIN角色登录方可访问;
- @PreAuthorize("hasAnyRole('ADMIN', 'USER')"),可用hasAnyRole为指定的多个角色进行授权;
- 这种注解方式,hasRole和hasAnyRole内的角色不能引用UserTypeEnum内的值,只能手填hard code;
效果:
与在WebSecurityConfig配置的效果是一样的,但该方式可对每个API进行单独配置,不会导致WebSecurityConfig配置在复杂应用里头的配置很长,并且对开发人员更加直观,授权管理也更加灵活;
总结
至此,我们学会了对API、资源进行授权管理,若结合之前学的访问认证,则我们已能够对应用进行灵活的访问控制和权限控制,可以满足大部分认证授权场景!
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谢谢!