在Ingress Nginx主流程一文中,已经介绍了Ingress Nginx的驱动流程,系统的主要驱动逻辑是监控API Server中相关资源的变化,并通过事件回调去驱动系统的运行。本篇主要介绍关键的部分,如何准实时的更新Nginx的配置,与Ingress资源保持同步。
数据驱动回顾
基于SharedIndexInformer,我们可以实时感知到Ingress、CongMap、Secret、Endpoint、Service等资源的变化,并通过事件回调处理,通知到同步任务队列去定期更新Nginx的配置文件。
资源变化,同步事件的生成代码为例子为:
updateCh.In() <- Event{
Type: CreateEvent,
Obj: obj,
}
目前支持的事件类型有:
const (
// CreateEvent event associated with new objects in an informer
CreateEvent EventType = "CREATE"
// UpdateEvent event associated with an object update in an informer
UpdateEvent EventType = "UPDATE"
// DeleteEvent event associated when an object is removed from an informer
DeleteEvent EventType = "DELETE"
// ConfigurationEvent event associated when a controller configuration object is created or updated
ConfigurationEvent EventType = "CONFIGURATION"
)
Event的Obj成员一般就是发生变化的资源数据。
同步任务队列
同步任务队列负责接收同步事件,并保持Nginx的配置与资源的同步。
n.syncQueue = task.NewTaskQueue(n.syncIngress)
func NewTaskQueue(syncFn func(interface{}) error) *Queue {
return NewCustomTaskQueue(syncFn, nil)
}
// NewCustomTaskQueue ...
func NewCustomTaskQueue(syncFn func(interface{}) error, fn func(interface{}) (interface{}, error)) *Queue {
q := &Queue{
queue: workqueue.NewRateLimitingQueue(workqueue.DefaultControllerRateLimiter()),
sync: syncFn,
workerDone: make(chan bool),
fn: fn,
}
if fn == nil {
q.fn = q.defaultKeyFunc
}
return q
}
同步任务队列负责把为每个入队的元素调用syncFn,而这里的syncFn实际调用NGINXController.syncIngress方法。
这里有一个问题要考虑的就是如果资源变化非常频繁,那会不会造成我们要频繁的去更新Nginx的配置文件,频发的发起Nginx的Reload操作,这个操作对于业务量大的服务来说,还是影响比较大的。
上面这个问题,其实就跟这个任务队列的实现有关了,任务队列实现了流控,并且还会针对变更资源的时间进行一些处理,忽略掉一些变更事件比同步事件旧的变更事件。这里暂时不做分析。
同步处理
同步处理是syncIngress方法,虽然他带了一个参数,但是我们可以看到这个参数基本是忽略的,syncIngress对每类资源的变更都是执行相同的操作。
// syncIngress collects all the pieces required to assemble the NGINX
// configuration file and passes the resulting data structures to the backend
// (OnUpdate) when a reload is deemed necessary.
func (n *NGINXController) syncIngress(interface{}) error {
n.syncRateLimiter.Accept() // 流控处理,防止更新太频繁
if n.syncQueue.IsShuttingDown() {
return nil
}
// sort Ingresses using the ResourceVersion field
ings := n.store.ListIngresses() // 从缓存中获取所有的Ingress服务
sort.SliceStable(ings, func(i, j int) bool {
ir := ings[i].ResourceVersion
jr := ings[j].ResourceVersion
return ir < jr
})
upstreams, servers := n.getBackendServers(ings) // 从ings中提取所有的upstreams和servers
// 这样做的主要原因在于:相同的upstream可能被多个servers共享(条件:namespace、service、port相同即可)
var passUpstreams []*ingress.SSLPassthroughBackend
for _, server := range servers {
if !server.SSLPassthrough {
continue
}
for _, loc := range server.Locations {
if loc.Path != rootLocation {
glog.Warningf("Ignoring SSL Passthrough for location %q in server %q", loc.Path, server.Hostname)
continue
}
passUpstreams = append(passUpstreams, &ingress.SSLPassthroughBackend{
Backend: loc.Backend,
Hostname: server.Hostname,
Service: loc.Service,
Port: loc.Port,
})
break
}
}
pcfg := &ingress.Configuration{ // 生成新的ingress配置
Backends: upstreams,
Servers: servers,
TCPEndpoints: n.getStreamServices(n.cfg.TCPConfigMapName, apiv1.ProtocolTCP),
UDPEndpoints: n.getStreamServices(n.cfg.UDPConfigMapName, apiv1.ProtocolUDP),
PassthroughBackends: passUpstreams,
BackendConfigChecksum: n.store.GetBackendConfiguration().Checksum,
}
if n.runningConfig.Equal(pcfg) { // 判断新旧配置是否相同,相同则不用继续处理
glog.V(3).Infof("No configuration change detected, skipping backend reload.")
return nil
}
// 是否启动了动态配置支持并且目前的变更能够支持动态配置
if n.cfg.DynamicConfigurationEnabled && n.IsDynamicConfigurationEnough(pcfg) {
glog.Infof("Changes handled by the dynamic configuration, skipping backend reload.") // 符合动态条件,就不用变更配置文件
} else { // 不符合,就需要变更配置文件
glog.Infof("Configuration changes detected, backend reload required.")
hash, _ := hashstructure.Hash(pcfg, &hashstructure.HashOptions{
TagName: "json",
}) // 生成配置文件的hash值,看起来主要是做metric监控收集使用
pcfg.ConfigurationChecksum = fmt.Sprintf("%v", hash)
err := n.OnUpdate(*pcfg) // 变更Nginx配置文件,后面详细分析
if err != nil {
n.metricCollector.IncReloadErrorCount()
n.metricCollector.ConfigSuccess(hash, false)
glog.Errorf("Unexpected failure reloading the backend:\n%v", err)
return err
}
glog.Infof("Backend successfully reloaded.")
n.metricCollector.ConfigSuccess(hash, true)
n.metricCollector.IncReloadCount()
n.metricCollector.SetSSLExpireTime(servers)
}
if n.cfg.DynamicConfigurationEnabled { // 这里走到动态配置变更功能
isFirstSync := n.runningConfig.Equal(&ingress.Configuration{})
go func(isFirstSync bool) {
if isFirstSync {
glog.Infof("Initial synchronization of the NGINX configuration.")
// it takes time for NGINX to start listening on the configured ports
time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
}
err := configureDynamically(pcfg, n.cfg.ListenPorts.Status) // 动态配置处理,这块也会在后面分析
if err == nil {
glog.Infof("Dynamic reconfiguration succeeded.")
} else {
glog.Warningf("Dynamic reconfiguration failed: %v", err)
}
}(isFirstSync)
}
ri := getRemovedIngresses(n.runningConfig, pcfg)
re := getRemovedHosts(n.runningConfig, pcfg)
n.metricCollector.RemoveMetrics(ri, re)
n.runningConfig = pcfg // 修改更新后的配置
return nil
}
syncIngress方法的逻辑比较清晰,主要的功能都写在注释中了。下面详细讲述OnUpdate方法,该方法实现了Nginx配置文件的更新和reload。
OnUpdate
OnUpdate是在同步操作时发现需要变更Nginx配置文件时,就会被调用。后端配置与ConfigMap的配置会合并之后再创建最终的配置文件。
- PassthroughBackends
TODO:
func (n *NGINXController) OnUpdate(ingressCfg ingress.Configuration) error {
cfg := n.store.GetBackendConfiguration()
cfg.Resolver = n.resolver
if n.cfg.EnableSSLPassthrough {
servers := []*TCPServer{}
for _, pb := range ingressCfg.PassthroughBackends {
svc := pb.Service
if svc == nil {
glog.Warningf("Missing Service for SSL Passthrough backend %q", pb.Backend)
continue
}
port, err := strconv.Atoi(pb.Port.String())
if err != nil {
for _, sp := range svc.Spec.Ports {
if sp.Name == pb.Port.String() {
port = int(sp.Port)
break
}
}
} else {
for _, sp := range svc.Spec.Ports {
if sp.Port == int32(port) {
port = int(sp.Port)
break
}
}
}
// TODO: Allow PassthroughBackends to specify they support proxy-protocol
servers = append(servers, &TCPServer{
Hostname: pb.Hostname,
IP: svc.Spec.ClusterIP,
Port: port,
ProxyProtocol: false,
})
}
n.Proxy.ServerList = servers
}
.......
}
- ServerNameHash
if cfg.ServerNameHashBucketSize == 0 {
nameHashBucketSize := nginxHashBucketSize(longestName)
glog.V(3).Infof("Adjusting ServerNameHashBucketSize variable to %q", nameHashBucketSize)
cfg.ServerNameHashBucketSize = nameHashBucketSize
}
serverNameHashMaxSize := nextPowerOf2(serverNameBytes)
if cfg.ServerNameHashMaxSize < serverNameHashMaxSize {
glog.V(3).Infof("Adjusting ServerNameHashMaxSize variable to %q", serverNameHashMaxSize)
cfg.ServerNameHashMaxSize = serverNameHashMaxSize
}
- Headers
Headers包括setHeaders和addHeaders两种,他们的都是放在configMap中。
这里再提一下configMap是通过参数--configmap=ingress-nginx/nginx-configuration带入的,举例说明:
# cat configmap.yaml
apiVersion: v1
data:
proxy-set-headers: "ingress-nginx/custom-headers"
add-headers: "ingress-nginx/custom-headers"
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: nginx-configuration
namespace: ingress-nginx
labels:
app: ingress-nginx
我们在上面的configmap中,指定了proxy-set-headers和add-headers的值都是ingrss-nginx/custom-headers,这里的ingress-nginx/custom-headers也是一个configmap,创建customer-headers的脚本如下:
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/master/docs/examples/customization/custom-headers/custom-headers.yaml \
| kubectl apply -f -
custom-headres.yaml的实际内容为:
apiVersion: v1
data:
X-Different-Name: "true"
X-Request-Start: t=${msec}
X-Using-Nginx-Controller: "true"
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: custom-headers
namespace: ingress-nginx
下面是处理setHeaders和addHeaders的代码:
setHeaders := map[string]string{}
if cfg.ProxySetHeaders != "" {
cmap, err := n.store.GetConfigMap(cfg.ProxySetHeaders)
if err != nil {
glog.Warningf("Error reading ConfigMap %q from local store: %v", cfg.ProxySetHeaders, err)
}
setHeaders = cmap.Data
}
addHeaders := map[string]string{}
if cfg.AddHeaders != "" {
cmap, err := n.store.GetConfigMap(cfg.AddHeaders)
if err != nil {
glog.Warningf("Error reading ConfigMap %q from local store: %v", cfg.AddHeaders, err)
}
addHeaders = cmap.Data
}
通过上面的代码,基于我们的例子配置来说,cfg.ProxySetHeaders值为“ingress-nginx/custom-headers”,通过n.store.GetConfigMap调用,最终得到setHeaders值为
map[string]string{
"X-Different-Name": "true",
"X-Request-Start": "t=${msec}",
"X-Using-Nginx-Controller": "true"
}
- 生成配置文件内容
代码如下所示,这块主要使用了text/template模块的功能来生成配置文件。主要功能在于模板的内容,后面再具体分析这块内容。
// 构建模板配置参数
tc := ngx_config.TemplateConfig{
ProxySetHeaders: setHeaders,
AddHeaders: addHeaders,
MaxOpenFiles: maxOpenFiles,
BacklogSize: sysctlSomaxconn(),
Backends: ingressCfg.Backends,
PassthroughBackends: ingressCfg.PassthroughBackends,
Servers: ingressCfg.Servers,
TCPBackends: ingressCfg.TCPEndpoints,
UDPBackends: ingressCfg.UDPEndpoints,
HealthzURI: ngxHealthPath,
CustomErrors: len(cfg.CustomHTTPErrors) > 0,
Cfg: cfg,
IsIPV6Enabled: n.isIPV6Enabled && !cfg.DisableIpv6,
NginxStatusIpv4Whitelist: cfg.NginxStatusIpv4Whitelist,
NginxStatusIpv6Whitelist: cfg.NginxStatusIpv6Whitelist,
RedirectServers: redirectServers,
IsSSLPassthroughEnabled: n.cfg.EnableSSLPassthrough,
ListenPorts: n.cfg.ListenPorts,
PublishService: n.GetPublishService(),
DynamicConfigurationEnabled: n.cfg.DynamicConfigurationEnabled,
DisableLua: n.cfg.DisableLua,
}
tc.Cfg.Checksum = ingressCfg.ConfigurationChecksum
// 调用模板,生成配置文本内容
content, err := n.t.Write(tc)
if err != nil {
return err
}
- 生成opentracing配置文件
如果启动了opentracing,就需要生成opentracing配置文件,opentracing的配置文件为/etc/nginx/opentracing.json,它支持两种zipkin、jaeger两种opentracing系统。它们的模板文件如下所示:
const zipkinTmpl = `{
"service_name": "{{ .ZipkinServiceName }}",
"collector_host": "{{ .ZipkinCollectorHost }}",
"collector_port": {{ .ZipkinCollectorPort }},
"sample_rate": {{ .ZipkinSampleRate }}
}`
const jaegerTmpl = `{
"service_name": "{{ .JaegerServiceName }}",
"sampler": {
"type": "{{ .JaegerSamplerType }}",
"param": {{ .JaegerSamplerParam }}
},
"reporter": {
"localAgentHostPort": "{{ .JaegerCollectorHost }}:{{ .JaegerCollectorPort }}"
}
}`
- 测试配置文件的正确性
由NGINXController.testTemplate方法实现,主要功能为:
1)生成测试配置文件
2)调用nginx -c ${Config} -t来测试配置文件的正确性
- 生成配置文件并重载配置文件
生成/etc/nginx/nginx.conf文件,调用nginx -s reload触发配置加载。
Ingress的更新分析完了,到这里我们还遗留了两个问题:
1)动态配置功能
2)配置文件模板
动态配置功能
动态配置把一个Backend封装成JSON格式,并把内容POST到内部的被Lua处理的HTTP服务。
Backend描述了关联到service的一个或者多个远程服务(endpoints)。
譬如,下面是一个ingress的yaml文件,对应的backend的概念就是对应的rules->host:foo.bar.com->paths->path->backend
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: test-ingress
annotations:
ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /
namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
rules:
- host: foo.bar.com
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: my-service
servicePort: 1005
动态配置代码如下:
func configureDynamically(pcfg *ingress.Configuration, port int) error {
// 生成新的backends,TODO:为什么这里要生成新的,不直接用pcfg.Backends???
// 看起来是去掉了service字段信息
backends := make([]*ingress.Backend, len(pcfg.Backends))
for i, backend := range pcfg.Backends {
luaBackend := &ingress.Backend{
Name: backend.Name, // <namespace>-<name>-<port>
Port: backend.Port,
Secure: backend.Secure,
SSLPassthrough: backend.SSLPassthrough,
SessionAffinity: backend.SessionAffinity,
UpstreamHashBy: backend.UpstreamHashBy,
LoadBalancing: backend.LoadBalancing,
}
var endpoints []ingress.Endpoint
for _, endpoint := range backend.Endpoints {
endpoints = append(endpoints, ingress.Endpoint{
Address: endpoint.Address,
FailTimeout: endpoint.FailTimeout,
MaxFails: endpoint.MaxFails,
Port: endpoint.Port,
})
}
luaBackend.Endpoints = endpoints
backends[i] = luaBackend
}
// 把所有的backends打包成json
buf, err := json.Marshal(backends)
if err != nil {
return err
}
glog.V(2).Infof("Posting backends configuration: %s", buf)
// post backends数据到nginx的http服务,让lua去处理
url := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/configuration/backends", port)
resp, err := http.Post(url, "application/json", bytes.NewReader(buf))
if err != nil {
return err
}
......
return nil
}
对于configuration/backends的endpoint的处理逻辑,我们可以看一下nginx.tmpl文件中的片段:
{{ if $all.DynamicConfigurationEnabled }}
location /configuration {
{{ if $cfg.EnableOpentracing }}
opentracing off;
{{ end }}
allow 127.0.0.1;
{{ if $IsIPV6Enabled }}
allow ::1;
{{ end }}
deny all;
# this should be equals to configuration_data dict
client_max_body_size "10m";
proxy_buffering off;
content_by_lua_block {
configuration.call()
}
}
{{ end }}
最终调用了lua代码configuration.call()。
配置文件模板
nginx的配置文件模板是基于text/template模块实现的,这里就不详细介绍text/template了。
前面我们知道,模板中使用的变量是TemplateConfig结构,TemplateConfig的结构定义如下:
type TemplateConfig struct {
ProxySetHeaders map[string]string // SetHeaders中的内容
AddHeaders map[string]string // AddHeaders中的内容
MaxOpenFiles int // 最大打开文件数
BacklogSize int
Backends []*ingress.Backend // 所以的backends
PassthroughBackends []*ingress.SSLPassthroughBackend
Servers []*ingress.Server // servers信息
TCPBackends []ingress.L4Service // TCP反向代理
UDPBackends []ingress.L4Service // UDP反向代理
HealthzURI string
CustomErrors bool
Cfg Configuration
IsIPV6Enabled bool
IsSSLPassthroughEnabled bool
NginxStatusIpv4Whitelist []string
NginxStatusIpv6Whitelist []string
RedirectServers map[string]string
ListenPorts *ListenPorts
PublishService *apiv1.Service
DynamicConfigurationEnabled bool
DisableLua bool
}
nginx的配置文件模板为/etc/nginx/template/nginx.tmpl,在前面动态配置分析中,我们列举了一部分内容。