Lesson 29 Taxi!
【New words and expressions】(10)
★taxi n.出租汽车taxi driver 出租车司机
take a taxi，take a bus，take a lift
★land vi.着陆
★plough v.耕地
plough n.梨；v. 耕, 犁, 犁耕, 费力穿过, 艰苦前进, 在考试中淘汰farm n.农田，家场
★lonely adj.偏僻的, 人迹罕见的(地方)
lonely adj.孤独的, 孤僻的(人)
alone adj.单独的, 独一无二的, 孤独的, 独自的；adv. 独自地
★roof n.楼顶(从外面看)
raise the roof v.喧闹, 大声抱怨
ceiling n.天花板(从里面看)hit
the ceiling勃然大怒, 暴跳如雷, 怒发冲冠(美口语)
★block n.块, 一座大楼
★flat n. 公寓房a block of
flats 公寓楼 (英国英语)
a block of apartments公寓楼(美语，apartment n.公寓)officeblock 办公楼 写字楼
★desert v.废弃 n.沙漠, 不毛之地
【课文讲解】
1、The 'taxi'is a small Swiss aeroplane called a 'Pilatus Porter'.
called a ‘Pilatus
Porter’是过去分词短语,作aeroplane的定语。一般过去分词短语作定语时要放在所修饰的名词/代词之后，而一个单独的分词作定语时则往往放在所修饰的名词/代词前面。
He landed in adeserted car park.
a race across theAtlantic
call sb. sth. 叫某人……be called 被称为……
过去分词做定语时是作为被动状态来翻译的
a ploughedfield 被耕过的田；a deserted car park 被废弃的车场writtenEnglish 书面语 ；spoken English 口语colloquiallanguage 口语
2、Since then,Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual places.
since then 从那时起(强调起点)so far =up to now 强调终点
★fly ① vi. 飞，飞行② vt. 空运(乘客)
fly sb./sth.To… 开飞机送某人/物去……
He has flown his car to France.
drive sb. to… 开车送某人去……
3、Once helanded on the roof of a block of flats and on another occasion, he landed in adeserted car park.
once…and on anotheroccasion 一次……还有一次……
4、Captain
Fawcett has just refused a strange request from a businessman. request from sb.来自某人的请求request for sth. 要求得到
5、The manwanted to fly to Rockall, a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean, but CaptainFawcett did not take him because the trip was too dangerous.
take sb. to … 送某人……
too 在副词或形容词前表示否定含义，强调程度大到了人们不愿去做very 强调程度深
【Composition】
The plane (notonly) (neither) (flew) (threw) close to the river, (but) (or) also flew under abridge. (Then) (However) it (climbed) (ran) into the air. The people on thebridge (waved) (shook) to the pilot (and) (yet) he did not (notice) (lookafter) them.
not only，flew，but，Then，climbed(ran也对, 但没有climb表达更确切)，waved，yet，notice
【Key structures】
一般过去时和现在完成时
一般过去时往往强调动作本身，而现在完成时则表示始于过去并持续到现在的动作或表示过去不确定的时间发生过的并与现在有某种联系的动作。
【Special Difficulties】
Refuse and Deny
refuse to dosth. 拒绝做某事
deny doing sth. / deny that +从句 否认(指控、做过某事等).当refuse作为及物/不及物动词表示“拒绝接受”时，不可与deny混用；当refuse作为及物动词表示“拒绝给予、拒绝要求”时，它与deny可以互相替换。 All those not holding tickets will be refused/denied entry. 无票者不得入内。
Bring，Take与Fetch
bring v.从某处将某物“带来”，离说话人越来越近take v.拿走，离说话人越来越远fetch v.去某地将某物“取来”，是个双程动作，去了再来
9 Theploughed field is ready for ___b___ .
a. sewing b. sowingc. seeding d. growing
be readyfor/to… 为……作准备
“seed”种植，只与播种子相联系, 一般作名词, 强调把种子种下去；而“sow”种植，只说明把...种下去, 并不一定是 “种子”
Lesson30 Football or polo?
【New words and expressions】(8)
★cut ① vt. &vi. 切，割，剪
cut one's hair =have a hair cut 理发
cut down the tree =cut the tree down 砍倒树
cut the headoff 砍脑袋(off = away from)
cut offelectricity 切断电源
cut sth. intopieces 把……切成小片(碎)
② vt. 割破，划破cutoneself 割伤自己
③ vi. 横穿，穿越(介词用across/through)
cutacross/through 直着穿过
cut a corner 走捷径，超近路
No pains, no gains.
★row ① vt.& vi. 划船
My brother isrowing. 划船 (row强调动作)
go boating 去划船(强调玩)
② vt. 划船载运
Can you row meup/across the river? 你能划船将我送到河的上游/对岸吗？
★kick v.踢
kick me 踢我一脚kickback n.回扣, 佣金
I get a kickback of2000 Yuan.
kick upstairs 明升暗降
well to go (美语) = well done
(英语) 做得不错
★sight n.眼界, 视域
catch sightof… 看见
out of sight 在视线之外in sight 在视线之内
Out of sight, outof mind. 眼不见心不烦
long sighted 眼光长远, 远视眼short sighted 目光短浅, 近视
【课文讲解】
1、Some people on the bank called out to the manin the boat, but he did not hear them.
call out 大声呼叫，叫喊
call out tosb. 对……大声喊
2、The ball struck him so hard that he nearlyfell into the water.
so…that… 如此……以致于…… (that 引导的结果状语从句)so的后面跟副词或形容词, 如后跟名词时要用such +n. +that…
【Composition】
Thewind(threw)(blew)his hat into the river. He(put)(took)out his hand (and)(but)tried to (reach)(catch)it(so)(but) he could not(so) (but) he(jumped)(fell) into the river(and)(but) got it.
blew 吹 ，take out 拿出(put out 扑灭)， and，reach够得着(catch 接住 抓住)， but，so，jump 自己跳 (fall 掉进去)，and
【Summary writing 】
4.The man in theboat neither saw the ball nor heard people shouting.
6.However,the manwas not angry and he threw the ball back to the bank.
but连接两个句子, 中间可用逗号隔开；however只是副词, 只表示意思上得转折, 它可以放在句首也可以放在句中, 只是用一个逗号把它和其他的词隔开就可以
【Key structures】
The, Some and Any
some不用于否定句，any通常用于否定句和疑问句，some在表示邀请的语气中或在疑问句中如果所期望的回答是肯定的，可以取代any
Do you want some? /Would you want something?
Do you want any
drink?你想要喝点什么吗?(不愿意给别人喝)
在姓名、地名、国名(非复合词)前面通常不加任何冠词。但在特指的海洋、河流、山脉以及部分复合词形式的国名前，一定要用定冠词the；在表示世界上独一无二的东西时，通常要加定冠词the.
Many great cities
are built on rivers. Paris is on the Seine, London is on the Thames and Rome is
on the Tiber. 许多大城市都建在河岸上. 巴黎在塞纳河上, 伦敦在泰晤士河上,罗马在第伯尔河上.
Exercises D (在必要的地方填上冠词a或the)
1 ______refrigerators are necessary in ______ hot countries.
2 Which riveris ______ longest, ______ Nile, ______ Amazon, or ______ Mississippi?
3 Heyerdahlcrossed ______ Pacific on ______ raft.
4 Why is______ Britain sometimes called ______ United Kingdom?
5 We sailedup ______ Red Sea and then went through ______ Suez Canal.
1.不填in hot
countries: 指的是炎热的那类国家, 故不用the2. the，the，the，the Nile 尼罗河 ； Amazon 亚马逊河 ； Missisippi 密西西比河
3.the，athe
Atlantic 大西洋raft n.木筏子(如用by，则不用加任何修饰by raft，用“on，in”一般都要加“the，a/an”，这里指的是这一类，没特指，故加“a”) 4. \，the 如果以单个的词作为国家, 基本上不加the,比方说China,America,Britain,一旦这个词成为缩略形式, 前面就要加the，如：the USA
5.the，the横渡海峡用“across”；和运河相连介词用through，不用“across”
【Multiple choice questions】
4. It cuts across the park. It goes ___a___ it.
a. through b. over c.round d. along
round 围绕 ；along 沿着
across 从……的表面穿过
through 从……的内部穿过
over 在……上方，与下面没接触，over在用于穿越讲时，表示穿过弧形over the bridge, over the mountains, overthe hill
Lesson31 Success story
【New words and expressions】(8)
★retire v.退休
retire =stopworking =stop doing this
★company n.公司firm n.商行
corporation n.责任公司
limitedcorporation 有限责任公司(缩略形式：Ltd.Co)business n.生意，公司
★save ① vt. 挽救，救助，拯救saveone's face 挽会面子② vt. 积蓄，储蓄
西方人不喜欢提钱, 所以用 save up 表示存钱
Save it for a rainyday. 未雨绸缪, 为将来需要而做好准备
★workshop n.车间(工作并且可以拿出来卖)
workhouse n.感化院(强迫劳动的地方)
★helper n.帮手, 助手assistant n.助理
★employ v.雇佣
employee n.雇员 ；employer n.雇主
trainer n.教练 ；trainee n.接受训练的人
【课文讲解】
1、Before heretired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy heused to work in a small shop.
head是“首领、头目”的意思，“the head of+名词”的意思是“……的老板，头”
used to dosth. 过去常常, 但是现在不做
work…as… 作为……工作.
as a boy = as he wasa boy (as是“当……的时候”)
2、In histwenties Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes.
in one's -ies 在某人几十岁的时候
in one's
twenties/thirties/forties/fifties/nineties，十的倍数的复数形式可用于表达近似的、非确定的数量，与所有格形容词连用时表示大约的年龄。
in the 1980s 在二十世纪八十年代
3、Frank smiledwhen he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success.
one’s hard early
years =early in one’s life 某人的早年艰辛(生活)
the long road tosuccess 通往成功的长路
There is a long wayto go. 还有很长的路要走。
remember v.记得, 回忆起
memory n.记忆 ；memorize v.记住
【Key structures】
过去进行时与一般过去时
过去进行时表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作，和一般过去时经常在一个句子里使用。与一般过去时相比，它更强调动作的持续性，一般过去时则表示比较短暂的动作或事件。在叙述故事时，过去进行时往往用来表示背景。
When I was wateringthe garden, it began to rain.
As I was getting onthe bus, I slipped and hurt my foot.
used to do
used to do表示过去有过但现在已不存在的习惯，以便将过去与现在形成对照。它后面经常用由but now…，but not…any more/any longer等构成的、用了一般现在时的句子以强调过去和现在的不同之处。I used to smoke, but I don’t any more/longer.
used to仅用于一般过去。它的疑问句和否定句形式可以不用助动词do而用used本身。
Used he to smoke?He usedn’t /used not to smoke.
但比较常用的形式是did和didn’t
Did he use to smoke?He didn’t use to smoke.
在针对used to提问时，一般也用did：
【Special
Difficulties】
Experience① n. 经历(可数名词)② n. 经验(不可数名词)③ vt. 经验，体验
experienced adj.有经验的，经验丰富的
Save① vt.& vi. 救助，搭救，拯救
save one'slife 挽救某人的生命
② vt.& vi. 储蓄，积攒
save money 存钱(多余的钱)
save it for a rainyday 未雨绸缪
economize .经济，节省(能不用就不用，节衣缩食)
Work and Job
work和job都翻译为“工作”，job为可数名词，一般与“职业、职位”有关，或表示某人的“份内事”；work作“工作”讲时是不可数名词，常指具体的“劳动、作业”或“(待做的)工作或事务”等，也可能表示“上班”。John is looking for a new job.
I’m looking forwork as a driver.
【Composition】
Frank (not only)(neither) (repaired) (made)his grandson's bicycle, (but)(also)went for a rideon it(as well)(both).He(said)(told)melater:‘I(make)(do)aeroplanes, (and) (but)I prefer bicycles.’
not only / repaired/ but /as well / told /make/ but
go for a ride/go
for a walk 骑车出去/出去散步
ride acar/bicycle/horse
go for a ride on
sth (对自行车只能用“on” ) 出去骑车prefer vt.更喜欢, 宁愿
【Multiple choice questions】
4 He used to work fourteen hours a day. He didthis ___c___ day. a. one b.some c. each d. a
every day / each
day 每天
one day 有一天 ； some
day 某一天 ； a 作为计量单位的一部分
8 Frank is the ___a___ of a business company.
a. director b.headmaster c. superior d. leader
leader n.起带头作用的人headmaster n.校长director n.管理公司或单位整个事务的人superiorn. 监理
12 He was still smiling when the door opened andhis wife ___c___.
a. went in b.entered in c. entered d. entered into
into 后面一定要加地点enter既是及物动词, 也是不及物动词enter＝go in/come in go in与 come in 都可以用enter代替,但go in(离说话人越来越远) 与 come in(离说话人越来越近) 方向不一样,文中强调的是 “进去” 而非 “进来”
Lesson 32 Shopping made easy
【New words and expressions】(6)
★once adj.曾经, 以前
①once = long longago 很久以前
②once 一次I③once 连接从句，表示“一旦”
★temptation n 诱惑
temptation to dosth. ……的诱惑
resist thetemptation to do sth. 抵抗不了……的诱惑 (resist vt.抵抗, 反抗, 抗, 忍得住)
★article ① n. 文章This is agood article.
② n. 物品, 东西(强调的是商店里的一个一个的东西, 是可数名词, 单独的东西, 独立的个体)
thing n.指任何的东西(和article不可相互取代)cargo n.船货, (车、船、飞机等运输的)货物
goods n.货物, 商店里的货物的总称
★wrap v.包裹
wrap sth. up 把……打包
pack v.打包(指为了携带, 运输的方便而打包)
I will
take/get/have it. Please wrap them for me. /★simply adv.仅仅simply = only = just
★arrest ① vt. 逮捕，扣留
(criminal n. 罪犯, 犯罪者；adj. 犯罪的, 犯法的, 罪恶的)② n. 逮捕，扣留sb. be under arrest 某人被逮捕control/undercontrol 控制/被控制
③ vt. 吸引(注意等)arrest one's attention 吸引某人的注意
【课文讲解】
1\People are not sohonest as they once were.
as…as… 和……一样(as+ adj./adv.
+as +比较对象)
as…as…的否定形式是notso…as…/not as…as…
I am taller thanyou/you are not as tall as I.
less +原级 +than＝not as…as…=not so…as… 不如……那样……(比较状语从句)
once表示“以前，曾经”时只能与动词的过去式连用：
2、Thetemptation to steal is greater than ever before--especially in large shops.
The temptation to smoke is strong forhim. 要表现现在与过去的比较, 有两种方式:
① they are 与 they were 或 it is /it was等在用不同时态比
they are 与 they were 在用不同时态比
You are morebeautiful than you were. You lookbetter than you were. (省略句: Youlook better.)
You wereworse. (表示You are better.你过去更差劲, 表示现在比以前更好了)
I think 我想……I thought 我原以为……
②用短语than everbefore
People are not sohonest as before. = People are not so honest as they once were.
3、A detectiverecently watched a well-dressed woman who always went into a large store on Mondaymornings.
watch v.观察, 监视; 当心(口语中)watch the enemy. watch sth. 当心 Watch your head! (威胁)
“well+动词的过去分词”组成复合形容词，做定语
well-designed 设计得不错well-educated 有教养的
4、One Monday,there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the woman came in, so itwas easier for the detective to watch her.
as usual 象平常 ；than usual 比平常
It be动词+形容词+for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做什么事……out of politeness 出于礼貌 (politeness n. 有礼, 优雅)
5、After alittle time, she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handedit to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible.
after a littletime 过了一会儿
hand…to… 递给(比较有权威的人)
(前一个以 “o” 结尾, 后一个以 “元音” 开头的, 读时需再在它们之间加一个[]音, 又如：my heart goon. [])
pass sth. tosb. 一个一个的传递(更常用)
hand in 上交wrap sth. up for sb. 为某人打包……as … aspossible 尽可能……
6、When she wasarrested, the detective found out that the shop assistant was her daughter.
find out 发现……(后跟的宾语一般是抽象的)
find out the truth 发现真相
find sth. 找到……(sth. 是看得见, 模得着的, 具体的)
7、The girl'gave' her mother a free dress once a week !
free adj.免费的
fee adj.交费fee parking 收费的停车场
“once a +表示时间的名词”可以表示频率：
【Key structures】
比较状语从句
比较状语从句含有或暗含有“与……相比”的意思。除了than…或more…than…这种结构外，它还包括as+形容词/副词+as…，not so/as…as…，less…than…等结构。当句子里两动词相同、时态也一样时，则第二个动词可省略，比较从句就成了含蓄的从句。如果对比的东西很明显，那么为了避免重复，从句中有些成分、甚至整个从句都省略，因此这类句子往往不完整People aren’t so kind as they used to be.
little和few的用法
little和a little与不可数名词一起使用。little表示否定，有“几乎一点儿也没有”的含义，在口语中常用not much；a
little表示肯定，具有some的含义。
few和a few与复数可数名词连用。few表示否定，与little相似，在口语中多用not many；a few表示肯定，有some的含义。little的比较级为less，few的比较级为fewer。
【Special Difficulties】
A and One
不定冠词a通常用于表示不确定的人或事物以及第一次提到的人或事物，a强调的是后面的名词； one强调的是“一个” 的意思.不表示强调时，a和one有时可以互换：叙述故事时常将one+表示时间的名词用于句首，而不用a：
【Multiple choice
questions】
9 The womanfirst bought a few small articles. She bought some small ___a___.
a. things b. pieces c.bits d. parts
10 The assistant wrapped it. She ___d___ it.
a. papered b.turned c. enveloped d. made a parcel of made a parcelof 制作一个包裹
12 The dress was free. It ___c___.
a. waspriceless b. was worthless c.cost nothing d. was grateful
priceless adj.无价的, 极贵重的
worthless adj.不值钱的(Something cost money.)
free adj.免费的(I pay nothing.)
grateful adj.感激的, 感谢的
Lesson 33 Out ofthe darkness
【New words and expressions】(12)
★darkness n.黑暗
in thedarkness 在黑暗中(在没有光线的情况下)
★explain v.解释, 叙述explanation n.解释
Could you give mean explanation?
interpret v.解释, (强调翻译)语言之间的解释
interpreter n.解释程序，解释者，口译人员，翻译员，讲解员interpretation n.解释, 阐明, 口译, 通译interpretress n.女翻译员
★coast n.海岸(地理意义上的海岸, 海岸线等, 感觉旁边是岩石, 很陡峭
seashore n.海岸(跟游玩有关系, 为了游玩的)
seaside n.海边 seashore/ seaside 给人的感觉是旁边是沙滩, 可以进行日光浴的感觉
bank n.河岸，坝，堤(两边比水面高)
★storm n.暴风雨 (只解释为“风暴”)
Snowstorm n. 暴风雪thunderstorm n. [气]雷暴，雷雨rain heavily 表示雨下得很大
pour v.灌注, 倾泻, 涌入, 流, 倾盆大雨
The rain ispouring. 倾盆大雨
It's raining catsand dogs. 滂沱大雨
★towards prep.向, 朝, 接近
towards 强调nearer and
nearer(强调越来越近)
★rock n.岩石, 礁石
rock 表示hugestone
★ahead adv.在前面
a开头的词(asleep，awake，alive，ahead，alight…)往往是表语形容词。不管是作表语形容词，还是副词，都放在名词的后面，一般形容词放在名词前面
ahead 的用法：
①放在被修饰词的后面作定语,定语后置
light ahead 前方的灯光
②ahead of… 在……前面
He went ahead of
me.他走在我前面
③ go ahead 朝前走；请随便(回答请求时用)
--Would you mind myusing your telephone? / Can I use your telephone?--Ok, go ahead.
★hospital v.医院
hospital前面是否加the，和它的功能有关系，一旦+the, 只表示地点go to hospital 看病 ；go to thehospital 去医院(看望病人)
in hospital 住院 ；in the hospital 在医院
【课文讲解】
1、Nearly aweek passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her.
nearly adv.将近
“一段时间以后”句型：
sometime later…
Three days later,
my mother returned. (强调某人做某事，简单句)Three days passed and then my mother returned.并列句, 既强调某人做某事, 又强调时间(有多久)…passed before…
Three days passedbefore my mother returned.
强调时间(这么久的时间, 时间状语从句, 后面是从句)be
able to强调有能力, 且能够成功(还强调成功)；can 只表示能力
2、Oneafternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm.
set out = set off =begin a journey 出发
set out from… 从……出发
be caught in+灾难 (突然)遇到/上(风暴等)
He was caught in arain when he left. 遇上人用meet, 遇上灾难用be caught in…
3、Towardsevening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea. towardsevening 天越来越晚
strike强调的往往是猛烈的撞击
4、Then she swamto the shore after spending the whole night in the water.
“to”强调朝那个方向去, 但没有强调越来越近；“towards”朝那个方向去，强调距离越来越近
5、During thattime she covered a distance of eight miles.
cover可笼统地表示“行过(一段路程)”，根据上下文可具体译为“走过、飞过、游过”等。
The bird covered the distance in three minutes.
a distance of+具体长度 多长的距离，表示具体的距离thered army covered a distance of 25000…
6、Early nextmorning, she saw a light ahead.
a light ahead 前方的一盏灯(ahead 放在被修饰词的后面)
7、On arrivingat the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen.
“on +动名词”相当于一个由as soon as＝the moment或when引导的时间状语从句，as soon as＝the moment后面要加句子，on 后面一定要加动词ing, 承认动词是由主句主语做的
“…up the cliff towards the…”用两个介词起到动词的作用，up在此处为介词，表示“沿着……往上”
8、That was allshe remembered.
all作表语，是先行词, she
remember 修饰 all 作定语从句, 省略that
9、When shewoke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.
find +宾语+宾补 发现……(宾补可以由形容词或介词短语充当)
【Key structures】
表示方向和目的地的介词和副词
①表示“上、下”的两对小品词是on和off，up和down
Jim’s standing onthe roof. I hope he won’t fall off.
Tom’s climbing upthe tree. I hope he won’t fall down.
②表示“来、去”的一对小品词是from和to；towards(强调越来越近)的意义和to(强调目标)相近，表示“朝，向，接近”等；for在有些动词后面也表示“往，向”的意思
He went for home.
leave for… 动身到某地(强调离开，出发)
set out for… 动身到某地
head for/to 前往 (强调“去”)
③表示“进去，出来”这两种方向的介词为into(进、入)和out of(从...出来)；表示“在某个地方”或“在……里面/外面”可用at(含有一种瞄准的概念，方向性)，in，out of等；表目的地或位置往往用at
aim at，fire at(瞄准开火)，throw at，threw tothe bank
④表示“穿过，越过，绕过”等动词时，往往用through，across，under，over，round等介词
How did you getover the wall?
【Special difficulties】
Pass and Past
pass和past的区别主要是词义上的区别，pass是动词，其过去式为passed，过去分词是passed或past。当作及物动词用时，可表示“经过，通过(考试)，超过”等，作不及物动词用时可表示“(时间等)消逝”。I’ve passed/past my French test.
A month has passed/past since I left home.
past可以作形容词、介词、名词等，作形容词时表示“以前的，过去的”等；作介词时表示“经过，超出范围等)”；作名词时表示“过去，昔时，往事”等。Frank is proud of his past experience.
I go past thegarden.
Can you tell mesomething about your past?
Next and Other
next表示时间顺序上“紧接的，下一个”，如果以现在为基准，则next前一般不加the；如果以过去或将来的某一时间为基准，则next前面要加the或其他修饰词。
next day第二天
the other day =a few days ago (几天前)，
the other day出现一定是过去时；next day有可能是过去式, 有可能是将来式
【Multiple choice questions】
4 She swam to theshore ___a___ the night in the water.
a. having spent b. havingspending
c. when spending d. hadspent
只有谓语动词才有时态，句子中如果没有连词, 但有两个动词, 要把其中一个动词变成非谓语动词
从语法上讲 a, c 都对.用“when +doing”句型(when是连词的标志)时主语要跟主句的相同，谓语动词含有be
doing 结构 (两个条件必须满足)
5 How ___c___ wasthe shore? Eight miles.
a. away far b. far from c.far away d. long
far from +地点(必须加)
对距离提问：How faraway…? (away可省略)
What's thedistance…?
Lesson 34 Quick work
【New words and expressions】(2)
★station n. (警察)局 (一定是与军方, 警方有关系的)post office 邮局 police office 警局I went to thepolice. 我去警察局
communicationbureau 交通局(bureau n.局)
★most adv.相当, 非常
① adj. 用于最高级，表示“最……”
This is the mostbeautiful car I’ve even seen.
② adj. 大多数的大部分的Most
doctors don’t smoke.③ adv. 非常，很(相当于very，但通常用于表达主观感情、见解等)
只有加“the”时为“最”加“a”或什么也不加时译为“非常，相当”(“very” 的概念)，常与形容词作用的过去分词连用。a most interesting book 非常有趣的书
【课文讲解】
1、Quick work
quick adj.动作的快；fast adv.速度的快；soon adv.时间快have a quickmeal quick freeze 速冻
2、Last Tuesdayhe received a letter from the local police. the local police 当地警察局
local adj.地方性的，当地的，本地的
local color 当地色彩, 地方色彩
local people 当地人 ；local call 市话
native n.土著人；adj. 土生土长的
3、In theletter he was asked to call at the station.
call at (someplace) 拜访某地call on sb. 拜访某人
ask/tell/expect/want/allow/request/ordersb. to do sth.
sb. was told 某人被告知；有人告诉某人
4、Ted wonderedwhy he was wanted by the police, but he went to the station yesterday and nowhe is not worried any more.
want用于被动语态时可以表示“想与(某人见面、谈话等)”或“缉拿，追捕”
Please wait a minute. I’m wanted on thephone. 请等一下，有我的电话。
This is the man (who is) wanted by thepolice.
not......any more =no more 不再, 再也不
5、Five daysago, the policeman told him, the bicycle was picked up in a small village fourhundred miles away.
pick up (偶然地、意外地)找到、获得、学会
five miles away这一类结构可以直接做定语, 放在被修饰词后面The school is five miles away. 学校在五里外 the school five miles away 五里外的学校
6、It is nowbeing sent to his home by train.
这句语是被动语态用于现在进行时，其结构为“am/is/are +being +过去分词”
【letter
writting】
在地址中我们通常使用缩略形式, 如 : “St.” (Street); “Rd.” (Road); “Sq.” (Square);
“Ave.” (Avenue); “Pl.” (Place),而有些词则不用缩略形式, 如 “Lane” 和“Drive”(行车道)
pics.[ pictures；secs. seconds
【Special difficulties】
与call有关的短语动词
①call on sb. 拜访，探望
②call (sb.) up 给某人打电话(美语)
③ call at +地点 对(某人家或地方)进行短暂访问
④call out 大声叫喊
⑤call off 取消(某项活动)
⑥call in 召集
Exercise 练习
2 It's toolate to go to the pictures. Why don't we call the whole thing ______?go to thepictures 去看电影 call the whole thing off 取消
【Multiple choice questions】
8 All the police atthe station are ___b___ men.
a. topical b.local c.native d.neighbourly
local adj.当地的； native adj.自己在这里(祖祖辈辈都在这里)topical adj.时事问题的，热门话题的，题目的neighbourly adj.邻居的
Lesson 35 Stop thief!
【New words and expressions】
★while n.一段时间= some time 一小会儿
wait for awhile 等一会儿after a while 隔了一会
★regret v.后悔
①regret sth. 后悔……
②regret to dosth. 很遗憾要去做……
③regret doingsth. 很遗憾已经做了……
④ regret that +从句 遗憾……
遗憾：pity<n.>、sorry<adj.>、regret
It's a pity I am sorry to…
★far adv.非常
far＝much, 修饰形容词或副词比较级, 注意most 是修饰形容词或副词的,而不是比较级.比较级前可以加修饰词，表示程度，多一点点用a
little，多很多用much
★rush ① vi. 冲，奔vi. (用腿)冲
run v.跑(速度很快)
② vt.&vi. 仓促行事，仓促完成；赶紧做
Roy rushed(through) his lunch and left for the staion.
③ n. 猛冲，奔Roy madea rush at the thieves.
★act v.行动
Act! (口语) 行动!take
action to do sth. 采取行动
★straight ① adj. 直的，笔直的
He drew a straightline on the paper.
② adv. 笔直地gostraight on 径直往前走
You’ll see a towerstraight ahead. 你会看到正前方有个塔。③ adv. 径直地，直接地
John always goes straighthome after work.
★fright n.害怕
get a fright 得到惊吓的感觉(类似get asurprise)
You give me afright. 你吓了我一跳
give sb. sth. 给人带来感觉
give me apleasure/an excitement/a fright
frighten vt.使惊吓；vi. 惊恐Youfrighten me.
frightening adj.令人感到可怕的；frightened adj.自己感到可怕的
一个动词能够加ing/ed,证明这个动词跟人的情感有关, 他的宾语就会是人
frightful＝terrible adj.可怕
Your handwriting isfrightful. 你的字真糟糕
Cold isfrightful. 寒冷是可怕的
★battered adj.撞坏的
battered (loseone's shape) 被撞变形的
battered bag 破旧不堪的包(battered与软的东西连用时，表示用旧了，破旧不堪的)
batter [n. 击球手；v. 打坏, 猛击
damaged adj.被刮坏的
destroyed car车子被损害不能修 ；damaged car 车子坏了，但能修 ；battered car 车变形
★afterwards adv.以后
shortly afterwards ＝soon 不久以后
shortly＝soon； afterwards＝later 后来, 以后
【课文讲解】
1、A short whileago, however, he became a bus driver and he was not regretted it.
a short while ago＝a short timeago 不久以前
while作名词表示“一会儿，(一段)时间”时常与a连用，有时也与the，this等连用：
however可以放句首, 可以放句中；如果一个词两边有逗号，证明这个词是插入语
2、He isfinding his new work far more exciting.
find 可以用一般现在时态, 可以用进行时态
He is finding histrip very exciting.
far moreexciting 更有趣(在形容词和副词的比较级与最高级前面，可以用far(相当much)来表示强调，译为“很，大大的”)
It’s far/much colder today than it wasyesterday.
3、When he was driving along Catford Streetrecently, he saw two thieves rush out of a shop and run towards a waiting car.
see和一些感知动词(如smell, feel, hear, watch, notice等)可以用在动词+名词/代词宾语+不带to的不定式结构(省略to)中，如果全过程用do，过程中的一瞬间用doing：
see sb. dosth. 看见某人做某事(强调全过程)
see sb. doingsth. 看见某人正在做某事
4、The one withthe money got such a fright that he dropped the bag.
with 一旦出现在名词或代词后就做定语, 出现在动词之后做状语
He came in with abook. (作状语)
The boy with a bookcame in. (作定语)
get a fright 吓了一跳
so+形容词(副词)+that…/such+(修饰词或形容词)+名词+that… 如此……以致……
一旦有名词, 就认为形容词修饰的是名词, 前面的词也修饰的是名词
drop vt.由于抓什么没抓住不小心掉下drop sth.)
fall vi.从上往下落 (sth. fall)
drop the money /the money fall
5、As thethieves were trying to get away in their car, Roy drove his bus into the backof it.
as = when 当..时候get away ＝run away 逃跑
by car /in the car 开车
drive into… 撞上……
6、While thebattered car was moving away, Roy stopped his bus and telephoned the police.
stopped his car，the car
stopped(与当时说话时的视觉概念有关，一个是人为停，一个是自己停下来)
7、The thieves'
car was badly damaged and easy to recognize.…and easy to recognize = and the
car was easy to recognize (用主动表被动含义)
如果一个不定式的前面是一个形容词, 如果主句的结局是“系表结构+to”，不定式当中常用主动表被动, 在不定式的表达方式当中, 动词的宾语如果刚好是这句话的主语, 这个宾语一定不能出现
The apple is sweetenough to eat.
The apple is toosour to eat.
The boy is enoughclever to answer the question.
这个小孩足够聪明以至于能回答这个问题。 (the question不是主语故一定要出现)
文中 “…easy to
recognize(car)” 因car是主语, 所以不能出现.在不定式当中, 也许有可能用主动表达被动含义, 及物动词后面一般加宾语(这个宾语就是这句话的主语就不加), 又如：The clothes are too comfortable toware.
【Special difficulties】
So and Such
such和so都可以用于表示程度，但so只能作副词和连词，such则是形容词，因此so通常位于形容词、副词之前，而such只能位于名词之前：
引导结果状语从句时，它们的结构分别是：
so +形容词(副词) +that…/ such +(a, an修饰词或形容词)+名词+that… 如此……以至于……
一旦有名词, 就认为形容词修饰的是名词, 前面的词也修饰的是名词，如果名词是可数名词单数才要加a和an, 反过来如果是可数名词单数, 前面一定要加a或an.such除了表示“这样的，如此的”等意思外，还可以表示“像这一类的”，so不能表示这种意思。He often talks about such things.
如果形容词是表示数量的(many, much, little, few), 一律用soThere is so little time left that we must hurry.There is such a
little(小) bird that I can't see it.
(little不会和可数名词连用，如连用不会译成“数量少”，而应译为“小”)如果有几个以上的形容词共同修饰一个名词的时候, 冠词放在第一位, 这句话中冠词不放在第一位, 说明“a” 与 “boy” 有关系, “lazy” 从意思上与 “boy” 有关系, 但从强调点上与“boy” 没关系, 它的强调点在 “lazy” 上
【Multiple choice questions】
1 Roy Trenton___a___.
a. prefers drivinga bus to driving a taxi
prefer…to… 更喜欢这个东西(和后面的东西比), 宁可也不
prefer+名词+to<prep.>+名词(如为动词则+ing)
prefer to(不定式的标志)+动词原形…rather than… 比起……更喜欢……
He prefers to drivebus rather than drive a taxi.
【New words and expressions】(8)
★record n.记录； vt.记录
break therecord 破记录
set up a record =make a record 创记录
hold the record =keep the record 保持记录
equalize therecorder 平记录 (equalize vt.使相等, 补偿)recorder n.录音机
如果同一词音节落在第一个音节的重音, 肯定是名词, 重音落在第二个音节肯定是动词
record present n.礼物；adj. 现在的； v.赠送
desert n.沙漠； v.废弃
★strong adj.强壮的
as strong ashorse 象牛一样壮(马)
strong wind 大风； heavy
rain 大雨
strong girl (隐示不是很瘦, 结实)
strong mind 意志坚强
Out of sight,out ofmind. 眼不见, 心不烦
Sturdy adj. 结实的, 强健的
robust adj.身体结实 (“乐百事” 英文名)
strong +运动员 获胜把握比较大，强有力的(“强有力的对手”中的“强有力”就用strong表达)
★swimmer n.游泳的人, 游泳者
swimmer 确切的意思是游泳者, 游泳的人
strong swimmer 游泳能手
athlete n.运动员(运动会上常说的运动员)
swimmingathlete 游泳运动员 (这里的“-ing”意为 “用来” )
★succeed v.成功
succeed in doingsth. 做……成功
success n. 成功, 成功的人successful adj.成功的
be successful indoing sth
fail v.失败 fail to do sth. 做……失败
failure n.失败, 失败者, 缺乏, 失灵, 故障, 破产, 疏忽, <美>不及格
★train v.训练
train sb. to do
sth. 训练某人做……(教, 而且有让人形成某种技能)
teach sb. to dosth. 教某人做……(只是教, 会不会不管)trainer n.教练； trainee n.受训的人
trainingcenter 训练中心
★anxiously adv.焦急anxious adj.焦急的
★intend v.打算
intend to do sth.＝be going todo sth. 打算做某事
★solid ① adj. 固体的
② adj. 硬的，结实的，坚固的(指家具、建筑物等)
③ n. 固体
【课文讲解】
1、Across theChannel
across 横渡
the Channel＝the English
Channel 英吉利海峡(当“C”大写时, 一定是指the English Channel)
2、She is goingto set out from the French coast at five o'clock in the morning.
set out 出发；set out from… 从某地出发
3、She is astrong swimmer and many people feel that she is sure to succeed.
feel (that) +从句 认为……，相信……(宾语从句中的that 可以省略)
be sure to do sth. 一定能够, 必定会(肯定语气比“must”(must + 动词原形，表示一定, 一种推测)强，对某件事情动词有把握)
be sure of… (对某件事情, 名词做宾语)
be sure that… (对某件事情, 某人做某事有把握)
4、Debbie'sfather will set out with her in a small boat.
...with her 同她一道by boat ， in a boat乘船
5、Tomorrow hewill be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England.
will be doing 将来进行时表达将来
as＝when swim + 距离 游过多长距离
6、Debbieintends to take short rests every two hours.
rest作“休息”讲时，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词：
Today is my day of rest. 今天是我的休息日。
After a long rest, he went on with his work.
have(take) a break(rest) 休息
take shortrests 休息短时间
every用在表示时间的名词之前时可译为“每”，every twohours 每两个小时
7、Most ofDebbie's school friends will be waiting for her on the English coast.
most +n. = most ofthe +n. 大多数的……
will bewaiting 将来进行时
on the coast 在海边
8、Among themwill be Debbie's mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl.
among prep.在……之中, ……之一(三者或三者以上) between them 左右各一个人
限定性定语从句/非限定性定语从句
如果是有逗号的是非限定性定语从句, 没有逗号的是限定性定语从句， 非限定性定语从句不可以用that，限定性定语从句少了后面的句子, 这句话意思不完整,非限定性定语从句前面的句子完整, 后面的句子起着补充说明的作用，非限定性定语从句一旦有逗号隔开, 后面的句子和前面的句子关系不紧密, 起补充作用。
Among them will be
Debbie's mother. 这句是一个倒装句，正常的语序应为Debbie’s mother will be among them.
倒装句：地点+will+名词
常见的倒装句：Hereyou are. / Here is my ticket.
全部倒装：地点(介词短语或副词)+动词+名词
倒装句型中如果主语是名词,放在动词后面, 如果是代词, 放在动词前面, 如Here you are.
在运动场上常用的口语：
Well to go. / Welldone. / Yea! / Yeah!
bingo int.(因出乎意料的成功而表示兴奋的叫声)瞧!
Go！ 加油
【Letter Writing】
当书写地址时，常常不写地区或邮区的全称。有时只写名称的一部分或只用大写字母。如：Berkshire写成Berks.，California写成Calif.，North West 3缩写成N.W.3，New York缩写成N.Y.。
【Key structure】
将来时
表示将来的结构：
① be to ② be about to ③be going to 表将来
④ intend to do sth.＝be going todo sth. 打算做某事⑤plan to dosth. 计划做某事
⑥mean to dosth. 打算做某事:
⑦aim to dosth. 打算做某事
⑧ I will do sth.＝I intend todo sth.
plan to do / mean
to do / aim to do / hope to do / want to do 这类词本身没有将来时态, 本身就表示将来, 用一般现在时表示将来时
be going to常用于口语中，在正式的书面语中通常用will而不用be going to。在陈述句和疑问句中, 常常可用be going to来替代shall或will。但有时不能用be going to代替shall或will：
在非正式语体下，要表示意图、打算，强调计划和安排，表示说话人也许对即将发生的事预先有所了解时，一般用be going to 而不用will：
如果表示说话时决定去做某事，或者表示建议、请求、肯定或不肯定等含义时，要用will而不用 be going to：You won’t forget to bringsomething to sleep in, will you? (表示建议)Don’t worry! I’ll bring a sleeping bag. (表示决定)I shan’t beable to look after the baby and cook lunch. (表示肯定)
I’ll look after thebaby while you cook lunch. (表示决定)Tomorrowwill be Tuesday.
【Special Difficulties】
Watch, Look at,Follow
Watch (somethinghappening) 观看 (正在发生的事情)，注视，注意看
How long have you been watching the race?
Look at 仔细看，(留意)看
Follow (goafter) 跟随 (走在后面)
在特定的时候，follow也可表注视，即用目光“跟随” Have you ever seen a cat follow/watch a
bird’s every movement?你有没有见过猫注视鸟的一举一动？
Solid, Firm, Stable
Solid (notliquid) 固体的 (非流体的)，硬的(固体)；结实的，坚固的(指家具、建筑物等)
This is a solidtable. 这张桌子很结实。
Firm ① (not loose) 稳固的 (不松动)，不会更改的，牢固的 I've fixed that hook. It is firm now.
② (not doubtful) (无疑) 表示态度、信念等坚定的、坚决的
He gave me a firmrefusal. 他断然拒绝.
He is firm aboutgoing abroad. 在出国这件事上他态度很坚决。
③ (not lenient) 严格的，严厉的
You must be veryfirm with that child. 对那个孩子你一定要非常严格.
Stable (often describingcharacter) 坚定的，稳重的, 可靠的，可信赖的(指人的性格)；稳定的，稳固的(指工作、机构、环境等)
He is a very stableperson. 他是一个性格坚定的人.
Exercise 练习 用上面的词填空:
1 I came to a______ decision and I will not change my mind.2 I stood on the bridge and______ the boats passing by.3 May I ______ your photograph album?4 The ice in the pond is so ______ that you can walk to it.5 I tried topersuade him but he remained ______.
1. firm come to adecision/make a decision 下定决心
come to aconclusion 得出结论 (conclusion n.结束, 缔结, 结论)2.watchedwatch sb. doing sth.(句型结构)3.look at4.so solid如此的坚硬
5. firm. (不改变主意的用“firm” )
【Multiple choice questions】
9 She is sureto succeed. She's sure to be ___a___.
a. successful b.success c. succession d. a succession
succession n.连续, 继承, 继任者, 演替, [农业] 轮栽, 连续性be +adj. 系表结构
be+n. 前者＝后者 (前者和后者是等号关系)
【New words and expressions】(9)
★Olympic adj.奥林匹克的
the Olympicgames 奥林匹克运动会(简称the
Games，一般大型运动会用games)
★hold (held，held) ① vt. 拿着，抓住，抱住
②容纳，装得下，包含
The stadium canhold 20,000 people.
③举行，进行(会议、会谈等)；庆祝(节日)；纪念have a meeting = hold a meeting 召开会议
hold习惯用被动：
A festival is heldat Edinburgh every year.
★immense adj. 极大的, 无边的, 一望无际的
★fantastic adj.巨大的
The universe isimmense./immense ocean
big adj.(一般的)大的big man 大人物
large adj.数量的大, 尺寸的大large man 大块头
great adj.伟大的, 重要的greatman 伟人
huge adj.(体积的)巨大的, 庞大，极大的, 无限的
fantastic 巨大的(建筑等，表惊叹)，好极的, 宏伟的
★stadium n.露天体育场
playground n.操场
sports field 运动场, 体育场(sports 各种各样的运)gymnasium =gym n. 健身房，体育馆；体育
篮球场 gym；足球场 stadium
★standard n.标准high standard 高标准
Olympic-standard 奥林匹克标准(运动会中的最高标准)(复合形容词：形容词+名词)
★capital n.首都
capital adj.大写的, 重要的
capitalpunishment 极刑(punishment n.惩罚, 处罚, 惩处) hot seat 电椅(国外的极刑)
★design ① vt. &vi. 设计图样
② vt. &vi. 打算(做……)，计划
He designed toenter for the competition.
This book isdesigned for foreign tourist.
③ n. 图样，图纸；设计
Susan has justdrawn a design for a new dress.
designer n.设计师well－designed 设计不错的(复合形容词：副词+过去分词)
【课文讲解】
1、The OlympicGames will be held in our country in four years' time.
in four years’time 四年之后(in常与将来时连用表示“……时间之后”)
2、As a greatmany people will be visiting the country, the government will be building newhotels, an immense stadium, and a new Olympic-standard swimming pool.
as/because原因，as是连词，引出原因状语从句，as用于表示原因时通常位于句首，它所表明的原因对于讲话对象可能是已知的，因此没必要再予以强调。because任何时候都可代替as，来说明一种或几种原因，但as则不一定总能代替because。because一般跟在主句后面，强调讲话的对象可能不知道的原因。As you can’t type the letter yourself, you’ll have to ask Susan todo it for you./Jim’s trying to save more money because he wants to buy a car.
a large number ofpeople = a great many people 大批的人
3、They willalso be building new roads and a special railway line.
be building 修建a specialrailway-line 专线铁路
4、Workers willhave completed the new roads by the end of this year.
by是完成时的标志, 表示“到……为止，在……之前，并不晚于某时的任何时间”，不能与表示一段时间的名词名词连用，只能与表示时间点的名词或词组连用，用于肯定句与用于否定句有一定区别。
I’ll have left by Monday. 到星期一我将已离开。(星期一之前的任何时间)
I won’t have left by Monday.我星期一之前不会离开。 (星期一还在)
5、Everybodywill be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up.
as是连词，相当于while，当“当，正值”讲，引出时间状语从句，它引导的从句虽然表示将来的动作但要用一般现在时，不能用“…will go up”
be built强调建造；go up 建筑物)被兴建起来，拔地而起Many new houses are going up inthis district.
【Letter Writing】
在信的地址下面必须写上完整的日期。日期有两种写法，如：17th April, 19-；April 17th 19-，数字写法如下：1st(1日)；2nd(2日)；3rd(3日)；4th(4日)等。
【Key structures】
一般将来完成时
一般将来时除了可以用来预言将来发生的事以外，还可以表示“意愿”，如允诺、建议、请求、提议等。
The radio hasn’t been mended yet. Never mind! I’ll mend it for you. (允诺)
Will you open the door for me please! (请求)
Shall we go for a swim tomorrow? (建议)
将来进行时除了表示最近或不久的将来正在进行的动作外，还可以表示计划或安排好的事：
A great many people will be visiting thecountry.
将来完成时用于表示到将来某一时刻已经完成的动作。将来完成时由will have+过去分词构成。它常与by和not…till/until+表示时间的名词连用。
I hope they’ll have finished it in time forthe journey.
I expect you willhave changed your mind by tomorrow./I will have finished it until/tilltomorrow.
现在完成式 : 到现在某一点时间为止
过去完成式 : 到过去某一点时间为止
将来完成式 : 到将来某一点时间为止, 某个动作已经发生
【Special Difficulties】
Look的短语
Look forward to(expect with pleasure) 盼望，期待着(to为介词后面只能跟名词、代词和动名词) Look out (be careful) 当心 (注意)，留神
Look out of 朝外看
Look up
①(get informationfrom a reference book) 查阅 (从参考书中获取资料)
②(visit) 拜访，看望
Don't forget tolook me up when you return.
Exercise 练习 用hold或look的正确形式填空:
4 Thestudents' union ______ an interesting debate on capital punishment yesterday.
5 My friendIngrid lives in Stockholm. Why don't you ______ her______ when you're there?
6 Examinations will be ______ next week. I'm not ______ them.
4. held debate on… 辩论…… (debate v.争论, 辩论；n. 争论, 辩论)union n.联合，合并，结合，联盟，协会
口语过程三步：dialogue(对话)；discussion(讨论)；debate(争论)
5. look (her) up look
(sb.) up : 拜访, 看看, 在英文中并不一定是很正式的,只是去看看的意思
6. held；lookingforward to
hold an exam 举行考试 take the exam接受考试
Lesson38 Everything except the weather
【New words and expressions】(6)
Mediterranean n. (the ~)地中海
Mediterranean n.地中海(=Mediterranean sea, 位于欧, 亚, 非三大洲之间)，地中海沿岸的居民；adj. 地中海的, 地中海民族的
★complain v.抱怨
complain to sb.向某人抱怨complain of/about sth. 抱怨某事
★continually adv.连续地, 频繁地(时断时续)
continuously adj. 连续不断地continue v. 继续, 连续, 延伸
★bitterly adv.刺骨地
bitterlydisappointed 彻底的失望(disappoint vt.使失望)bitterly cold 刺骨地寒冷(chilly adj. 寒冷★sunshine n.阳光也可直接用 “sun” 表示阳光
a drop ofsunshine 一缕阳光(a drop of 一缕)
【课文讲解】
1、He had oftendreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country.
dream of… 想, 梦见(梦想)，幻想，向往
think of… 想(思维的活动), 考虑
settle down 定居，安身，安顿
2、He had no sooner returned than he bought ahouse and went to live there.
no sooner…than… 一……就……(关联词，引导时间状语从句，主句里常用过去完成时，than后面的从句用一般过去时)，相同用法的还有as soon as，the moment，on doing
had no sooner
done…than +一般过去时, 固定用法 (时态结构 : 完成时态+ than + 一般过去时)
no sooner放在句首就要倒装
3、Almostimmediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it wasstill summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold.
almost immediately 几乎马上, 很快地 (时间上的快, 常用于写作)for(连词)表示因为(解释说明, 附加的)＝because因为(一定要说的原因)，for与because不同，不能用于句首，并且在for后面必须重复主语：I don’t have a car, for I can’tafford it.
even though =evenif 即使，虽然(让步状语从句)
4、After somany years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock. so many years 这么多年
got a shock 吓了一跳, 吃了一惊
5、He acted asif he had never lived in England before.
as if+句子 似乎, 好像(引导表示方式的状语从句，如果从句为过去完成时则是虚拟语气，描述与事实相反, 后面的条件是假的)
He acted as if he
was poor. (as if 后是真是假, 应根据上下文来看)连词as if/though引导方式状语从句，通常跟在描述行为举止的动词之后，如act，appear，feel，look，smell，sound等后面：
She acted as if she were mad. (虚拟语气)
6、In the end, it was more than he could bear.
more than在这里表示“超过……的范围”
It was more than I could understand.
I can't affard it. ＝It was morethan I can affard.
这种用法与它通常表示“比……更多”的用法稍有不同：Therewere more than ten people in the room.
7、He had hardlyhad time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country.
hardly…when… 还没来得及……就……，用法同no sooner…than. hardly had sb. done when… (hardly在句首, 要倒装)
He had hardly
opened his eyes when he was knocked out.(knock out : 打晕, 击倒)
have time to do sth. 有时间做某事
【Composition】
1 He boughtan old car. It was in a very bad state.(but)
2 The enginewas worn out. The gearbox was full of sawdust. (The engine…not only…but…aswell)
3 He couldnot drive it. He could no sell it. He could not even give it away.(neither…nor…nor)
1. in a badstate 状态不太好
though 虽然, even
though＝even if 即使，这些词出现在两句之间, 就不再加but，
2. The engine wasnot only worn out but the gearbox was full of sawdust.
worn out 破旧不堪的 engine n.发动机, 机车, 火车头gearbox n. 变速箱 sawdust n. 锯屑, 木头屑子 (sawn. 锯；v. 锯)not only出现在句首要倒装,一般不会放在句首
3. He could neither
drive it nor sell it nor even give it away. /He could neither drive it nor sell
it even nor give it away. (这样写更好)
neither do sth. nordo sth. nor do sth. 既不能也不能更不能
【Letter writing】
日期：每年下列月份写出全称：3月，4月，5月，6月和7月，剩余的月份写成：Jan.
(1月)；Feb. (2月)；Aug. (8月)；Sept. (9月)；Oct. (10月)；Nov. (11月)和Dec. (12月)。
【Key structures】
过去完成时
过去完成时经常与一般过去时连用，表示过去某个动作发生前完成的动作。与过去完成时连用的表示时间的词或词组有when，after，as soon
as，(not) until，by that time，(never) before，already，for，since，just，no sooner…than，hardly…when等。过去完成时不能与副词ago连用(ago只与一般过去时连用)。
He hadn’t finished
it by yesterday evening. 到昨天晚上他还没做完。
【Special Difficulties】
No sooner…than andHardly…when
no sooner…than (一……就……)；hardly…when (几乎未来得及……就……)这两组连词意义都和as
soon as相近，但比as soon as正式。它们通常都与过去完成时连用。当no sooner和hardly位于句首时，后面的主谓结构都要颠倒顺序，即句子变为no sooner/hardly +助动词+主语 +动词形式的语序。
No sooner had he begun speaking than he wasinterrupted.
Country andCountryside
country n.国家，祖国；乡下(做“乡下”讲时常与the连用)Whichcountry do you come from?
He had planned tosettle down in the country.
countryside n.农村地区(强调景色)，乡下
I grew up in thecountryside.
Continuously andContinually
continuously adv.不断地，连续地(指动作中间没有间断)continually adv.频繁地，反复地(指动作中间有间断但又持续很久)
It rainedcontinually. 天频繁地下雨。
【Multiple choice questions】
11 He___d___as if he had never lived in England before.
a. made b. did c. conducted d. behaved
do as I did 按我所做的做seem as
if 看起来象……act as if 行为象……一样look as if 看起来象……一样conduct＝behave可以做动词，表示行为，但conduct为不及物动词, 如果作及物动词, 加oneself
He conductedhimself well. 他表现的很好
He behaved (as)well.
Lesson 39 Am I all right?
【New words and expressions】(10)
★following adj.下一个
the next day, thefollowing day 第二天
★alone adj.独自的 强调人孤单一个
Leave mealone. 我烦着呢, 别理我
★exchange n. (电话的)交换局
① vt. 换，更换，调换(指同类事物之间)
I want to exchangethe red skirt for a blue one.
② vt. 交换，互换
I met Frank at abus stop this afternoon and we exchanged a few words.
③ n. 电话交换台
★inquire ① vt. &vi. 打听，询问
inquire sth. ofsb. 从某人那打听
insquire aboutsth. 打听某事
② vi. 调查，查问Hedidn’t tell the truth when the police inquired into the accident.
③ vi. 求见(某人)，要找(某人)
She inquired for themanager. 她想见经理。
★certain adj.某个
certain后面的名词的数量由它前面的数词来定
某一个a certain
+n.(单数)
a certain patient =some patient 某个病人
某两个two
certain + n.(复数) two certain patients
some+可数名词单数时表示某个(某一个)
for somereason 由于某个理由
【课文讲解】
1、Am I allright?
all right指人的健康状况表示“安然无恙的，良好的”
2、While John Gilbert was in hospital, he askedhis doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful, but thedoctor refused to do so.
So在这里是代词，代替前面的动词不定式(to tell him whether…)。它一般出现believe，do，expect，hope，say，tell，think，appear等之后：
3、The following day, the patient asked for abedside telephone.
the following day =
the next day，这里following表示“紧接着的，其次的”。
ask for 请求，索要，要求(得到某个东西)
bedsidetelephone 床头电话
4、When thedoctor answered the phone, Mr. Gilbert said he was inquiring about a certainpatient, a Mr. John Gilbert.
Certain在这里没有“肯定的，确实的”等含义，而表示“某一，某位”，暗指说话者或说话对象可能对这人/这事不大清楚/熟悉，或所指的这个人身份不大清楚：a+人名前面, 表示某一个拥有这个特征的人或我不认识的某某人，这种情况下a通常与表示“某一”的certain连用：
He is aLeifeng. 表示具有雷锋的特征
A certain Mrs. Hartis waiting to see you.
5、He thenasked when Mr. Gilbert would be allowed to go home and the doctor told him thathe would have to stay in hosptial for another two weeks.
for another twoweeks 又两个星期
another作为限定词表示“另一个，再一个”的时候，通常与可数的单数名词连用，不和复数形式连用；但是后面可以跟基数词/few+复数名词(它们被当成一个整体)：
【Key structures】
直接引语和间接引语
直接引语的疑问句变为间接引语的疑问句时引号和问号不再使用，且直接疑问句中的倒装语序在转述疑问句里要还原为陈述句语序(主语+动词)，有必要还要改变时态。转述一般疑问句时必须使用if或whether，不可省略，助动词do/does和did在转述疑问句里消失了。ask，want
to know，wonder等后面的if和whether通常可以互换，但是whether表示的怀疑程度比if稍大。 I wonder if/whether he’s phoned the
doctor.在表示两者挑一时更常用whether：Sheasked me whether I wanted tea or coffee.
转述疑问句中带有or
not时，通常用whether引导，不用if引导：在转述特殊疑问句时，通常用原来的疑问词。在针对主语提问的间接疑问句中，时态和情态助动词照常有变化，但语序保持不变。
如果直接引语是问句，变为间接引语时，主句不说He said，而用He asked；told可以后跟问句，还可以跟陈述句：直接引语是表示命令、请求、建议的祈使句通常可用适当的动词后跟不定式来转述，常用的这类动词有advise，ask，tell，order，command，warm，invite等，这些动词后往往有间接宾语，在转述这类祈使句的否定形式时，必须将not放在带to的不定式之前：She reminded/told me to turn offall the lights.tell sb. to do sth./ask sb. to do sth.
动词suggest和insist用于转述建议、要求时，其结构为suggest/insist +that从句(用should)：
He still insisted that we should help him.
【Multiple choice questions】
7 He willhave to stay in hospital. That's what he ___b___.
a. has done b. must do c. must be doing d. must havedone
a、has done 已经做的； b、must do必须做的 ；c、must be doing
must+ v.(原形)＝have to 不得不；很可能(对现在或者将来的推测)must +原形, +be doing, +have done属于推测句型的三种结构must be doing 对说话的当时的正在进行的行为的推测
must have beendoing 对过去的正在进行的动作的推测He must have beensleeping.
