脸盲症 face blindness
身边有这么一些人，看见熟人都会张口喊一句“那谁！”然后盯着人家半天叫不出名字。这世界上还有那么一些人，他们无法辨认别人的容貌，就算是每天相见的熟人，他们也认不出来。如果说前者是一时语塞，后者却是实实在在的一种病症。
Face blindness refers to difficulty recognizing faces or telling faces apart.
脸盲症（face blindness）指难以辨认或分别人的容貌的状况。
New findings from researchers at Harvard and elsewhere suggest that a surprising number of people are face-blind, so bad at recognizing faces that they routinely snub acquaintances and have trouble following movie plots. In extreme cases, they may greet siblings as strangers and struggle to discern which child is theirs at school pick-up time.
来自哈佛及其他地方的研究人员发现，有相当一部分人都患有脸盲症，而且这个数目是惊人的。这些人完全无法辨识脸部容貌，以至于经常对熟人视而不见，看电影时也跟不上情节。在一些极端案例中，他们会把自己的兄弟姐妹误当成陌生人，到学校接孩子时经常无法判断哪个孩子才是自己家的。
The syndrome, known medically as prosopagnosia, was long thought to be a rare neurological curiosity that resulted from brain damage.
这种综合征的医学学名为prosopagnosia，长期以来一直被看作是罕见的神经科奇症，且由脑损伤引起。
Research has begun to suggest that most face-blindness stems from genes, rather than brain injury, and that it is far more widespread than previously suspected, with up to 2 percent of the population affected to some degree.
不过，有研究显示，大部分脸盲症不是脑损伤引起的，而是由基因导致的；另外，其发病规模也远远超出之前的预测，全球人口中有2%的人都患有不同程度的脸盲症。
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路怒症 road rage
路面上的车越来越多，高峰时段的交通拥堵就难免。而这个时候，开车的人们能够保持心平气和的似乎也不多，稍有不慎便有可能言语相向，甚至动手。当然，堵车至堵心的行为虽然不当，还算事出有因。在路上还有那么一群人，开车无章法，蛮横无理，还随时想要欺负其他的司机，这样的行为就有点病态了，在英语里，我们管这种行为叫做road rage。不管在哪里生的气，放到路面上来发泄怎么说都是不合适的。你说呢？
Road rage is aggressive or angry behavior by a driver of an automobile or other motor vehicle. Such behavior might include rude gestures, verbal insults, deliberately driving in an unsafe or threatening manner, or making threats. Road rage can lead to altercations, assaults, and collisions which result in injuries and even deaths. It can be thought of as an extreme case of aggressive driving. The term supposedly originated in the USA during the 1980s.
“路怒症”指汽车或其它机动车的驾驶人员有攻击性或愤怒的行为。此类行为可能包括：粗鄙的手势、言语侮辱、故意用不安全或威胁安全的方式驾驶车辆，或实施威胁。“路面愤怒症”可引起口角纷争、伤害以及可能导致受伤甚至死亡的撞车事故，这种行为可被认定为攻击性驾驶的极端案例。这个说法上世纪80年代产生于美国。
The following are common manifestations of road rage:
以下是“路怒症”常见的表现形式：
Generally aggressive driving, including sudden acceleration, braking, and close tailgating.
普通的攻击性驾驶，包括突然加速、刹车，以及跟前车太近。
Cutting others off in a lane, or deliberately preventing someone from merging.
突然进入别人的车道，或故意阻止别人并线。
Sounding the vehicle's horn or flashing lights excessively.
急按喇叭或打灯。
Driving at high speeds in the median of a highway to terrify drivers in both lanes.
在公路中间高速行驶以使双方向行驶的司机都受到惊吓。
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动力不足综合症 underload syndrome
近些年，我们经常会听到人们说起“亚健康”这个词，说是现在大多数上班族都或多或少有些亚健康状态，而且多是压力太大引起的。可是，有研究发现人在缺少压力的情况下，身体也是会不舒服的，这种状态叫做underload syndrome，你听说过吗？
Underload syndrome refers to ill health or depression caused by a lack of challenges or stimulation at work.
动力不足综合症（underload syndrome）指因为工作上缺少挑战或动力而出现的身体欠佳或抑郁的状态。
Boredom has exactly the same effect on the body as stress. People who lack stimulation in their working lives are likely to be depressed and suffer from "underload syndrome". The most common health complaints triggered by underload syndrome are headaches, fatigue and recurrent infections; it is also a cause of mild depression.
无聊和压力对身体产生的影响是一样的。工作上缺少动力的人有可能会表现得抑郁，还可能会患上“动力不足综合症”。该综合症最常见的病征有头痛、疲劳以及多发性感染，它还有可能引发轻度抑郁。
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手机幻听 ringxiety
办公室里，键盘敲击声和手机铃声此起彼伏。明明不是自己电话响，却还是忍不住要拿出手机来看一眼。过了一会儿，似乎感觉到放手机的地方在振动，赶紧掏兜看手机，哦，原来手机并没有响动。你是不是也有过这样的经历？告诉你吧，这种情况就是我们常说的“手机幻听”，在英文里叫ringxiety。
Ringxiety is a portmanteau neologism formed from the words "ringtone" and "anxiety." Ringxiety is described as the sensation and the false belief that one can hear his or her mobile phone ringing or feel it vibrating, when in fact the telephone is not doing so.
Ringxiety（手机幻听）是由ringtone（手机铃声）和anxiety（焦虑）两个词组合而成的一个词，指在手机没有响动的情况下，人们听到手机响或者感到其振动的错觉。
Other terms for this concept include phantom ring effect and fauxcellarm. The reasoning for this relates partially to the idea that humans are particularly sensitive to auditory tones between 1,000 and 6,000 hertz, and basic mobile phone ringers often fall within this range. False vibrations are less well understood, however, and could have psychological or neurological sources.
其他可以用来指代“手机幻听”的说法还有phantom ring effect和fauxcellarm。导致这一现象的部分原因可能是人类对1000到6000赫兹的声音频率比较敏感，而手机铃声大都在这一频率范围内。错觉手机振动的反应就不太好解释了，可能有心理或神经方面的原因。
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无手机焦虑症 nomophobia
如果有一天出门太急忘了带手机，你会怎么样？估计很多人都会说，要是走得不远的话一定会回去拿的。从什么时候开始，手机成了我们生活的必需品？而且是时刻要在视野范围内的一个必需品。每天不知道有多少人因为手机没电或者余额不足而焦躁不安。英国的研究人员给这样的症状起了个名字，叫nomophobia。
Nomophobia is the fear of being out of mobile phone contact. The term, an abbreviation for "no-mobile-phone phobia", was coined during a study by the UK Post Office who commissioned YouGov, a UK-based research organization to look at anxieties suffered by mobile phone users. The study found that nearly 53 percent of mobile phone users in Britain tend to be anxious when they "lose their mobile phone, run out of battery or credit, or have no network coverage".
无手机焦虑症（nomophobia）指手机联系不畅通时的恐惧心理。这个词是no-mobile-phone phobia（无手机焦虑症）的缩写形式，是由英国一个名为YouGov的研究机构在受英国邮局委托研究手机用户焦虑症状时首创的一个说法。该研究发现，英国有近53％的手机用户在“手机丢失、手机没电或余额不足、或者不在服务区”的时候会感到焦虑不安。
The study compared stress levels induced by the average case of nomophobia to be on-par with those of "wedding day jitters" and trips to the dentists. Ten percent of those questioned said they needed to be contactable at all times because of work. More than one in two nomophobes never switch off their mobile phones.
该研究发现，一般状况下的无手机焦虑症引发的压力水平相当于“婚礼紧张症”和看牙医时所经历的压力水平。有百分之十的受访者表示因为工作原因需要随时保持手机畅通。一半以上的无手机焦虑症患者从不关机。
