在上个世纪50年代，美国教育研究中心的Benjamin Bloom教授就提出一个教育目标分类框架，叫Bloom’s Taxonomy，布卢姆的分类法。这个框架把思维学习分为六个层次，自低到高依次是，记忆、理解、应用、分析、评价、创新。
这个框架一直在指导和影响着美国整个教育体系目标和方法的制定，包括K-12（从学前班Kindergarten到高中12年级）和大学。
从图中我们可以看到，记忆、理解、应用为低阶思维层级，亚洲教育的重心大多放在这三个层级；而分析、评价、创新为高阶思维层级，美式教育非常注重对孩子高阶思维的培养。
所以，在美国，即便是对学前班和一二年级的低龄孩子，老师的教学目标也不仅仅是停留在记忆、理解和应用，而是把这个框架中提到的六层目标都一一体现在教学活动的设计中。
现在我们常常提到“高阶思维”、“批判性思维”、“创造性思维”等概念，相信各位校长、老师对这些概念并不陌生。但是究竟怎样引导孩子，才算是启发了孩子的“高阶思维能力”呢？
威思盾阅读的阅读指导课，采用的就是美式阅读指导思维模式。
威思盾阅读指导师，针对不同思维层级的训练要求，采用不同层级思维的启发式提问和思维导图工具，对孩子加以引导。每一堂阅读指导课，孩子都会由浅入深地思考和回答，六个思维层级相对应的问题。
比如在“Understanding”（理解）这个层级，威思盾阅读指导师会和孩子讨论类似这样的问题：
而在“Creating”（创新）这个层级，威思盾阅读指导师就会和孩子讨论类似这样的问题：
关于阅读提问做了个小整理，针对不同思维层级，有不同的提问角度和提问方式：
1. Remembering 记忆
❤ Can you tell what happened in the beginning, the middle and the end of the story?
❤ Who/What is the main character?
❤ When, where and what surroundings did the story happen?
2. Understanding 理解
❤ Can you tell the story to your dad/mum in your own words?
❤ What is this story mostly about?
❤ Can you draw a picture about what happened in this story and tell me about it?
3. Applying 应用
❤ Can you try to act out this story?
❤ How does that relate to your experience?
❤ Who could you interview?
❤ How do you know it works?
❤ Do you think the story has a certain pattern?
最后一个问题很有趣：你觉得这个故事是不是有某种特定的模式?
威思盾阅读指导师会给孩子举例说明：比如是不是这个模式？“小人物想得到成功，但是遇到很多困难，经过不断努力，最后成功了”。还是这个？“公主受到巫婆的诅咒，后来逆袭找到了她的白马王子，过上了幸福快乐的生活”。
如果说上面这些都是围绕着故事本身，那么，下面这几层，就是跳出这本书和故事，站在一个更高的角度来思考了。也就是威思盾阅读对于孩子的高阶思维层级的提升！
4. Analysing 分析
❤ How is every character in the story similar/different?
❤ Do you feel this story is real or made up? Why do you think so?
❤ Who do you want to be in the story if you can choose one? Why?
❤ What do you think are some reasons/causes that ...?
❤ What evidence can you offer?
❤ Why do you think the author chooses ... to be the bad guy?
5. Evaluating 评价
❤ Is this one of the best/good/dull books you have read? Why?
❤ Tell a book that better/worse than this one, and tell the reason why.
❤ Do you think this book is suitable for children or for adults, for boys or for girls? Why do you think so?
❤ What's another way we could say/explain/express that?
❤ What is a better solution to ...?
6. Creating 创新
❤ How would you compose a song about ...?
❤ How would you rewrite the ending to the story?
❤ What would be different today if that event occurred as ...?
❤ How can you teach that to others?
❤ How would you do it differently?
相信老师们也发现了，其中有不少问题您平时和学生也会讨论到，那就太好啦，因为您已经在有意识地开始培养孩子良好的思维习惯，以及帮助他追求更高层次的学习目标啦！
家长们也许还会发现，高阶思维层级训练，往往更具开放性和启发性，答案也是因人而异的。威思盾阅读课程正是通过这种引导，启发孩子的发散思维和高阶思维，不仅让孩子爱阅读，勤阅读，更让孩子会阅读！
