前言
在前面的探索对象alloc流程中，对于对象开辟的空间需要关联类的isa指针.相关源码代码如下
inline void
objc_object::initIsa(Class cls, bool nonpointer, UNUSED_WITHOUT_INDEXED_ISA_AND_DTOR_BIT bool hasCxxDtor)
{
ASSERT(!isTaggedPointer());
isa_t newisa(0);
if (!nonpointer) {
newisa.setClass(cls, this);
} else {
ASSERT(!DisableNonpointerIsa);
ASSERT(!cls->instancesRequireRawIsa());
#if SUPPORT_INDEXED_ISA
ASSERT(cls->classArrayIndex() > 0);
newisa.bits = ISA_INDEX_MAGIC_VALUE;
// isa.magic is part of ISA_MAGIC_VALUE
// isa.nonpointer is part of ISA_MAGIC_VALUE
newisa.has_cxx_dtor = hasCxxDtor;
newisa.indexcls = (uintptr_t)cls->classArrayIndex();
#else
newisa.bits = ISA_MAGIC_VALUE;
// isa.magic is part of ISA_MAGIC_VALUE
// isa.nonpointer is part of ISA_MAGIC_VALUE
# if ISA_HAS_CXX_DTOR_BIT
newisa.has_cxx_dtor = hasCxxDtor;
# endif
newisa.setClass(cls, this);
#endif
newisa.extra_rc = 1;
}
// This write must be performed in a single store in some cases
// (for example when realizing a class because other threads
// may simultaneously try to use the class).
// fixme use atomics here to guarantee single-store and to
// guarantee memory order w.r.t. the class index table
// ...but not too atomic because we don't want to hurt instantiation
isa = newisa;
}
从源码可以看出isa的结构是isa_t类型
探索isa_t结构
union isa_t {
isa_t() { }
isa_t(uintptr_t value) : bits(value) { }
uintptr_t bits;
private:
// Accessing the class requires custom ptrauth operations, so
// force clients to go through setClass/getClass by making this
// private.
Class cls;
public:
#if defined(ISA_BITFIELD)
struct {
ISA_BITFIELD; // defined in isa.h
};
bool isDeallocating() {
return extra_rc == 0 && has_sidetable_rc == 0;
}
void setDeallocating() {
extra_rc = 0;
has_sidetable_rc = 0;
}
#endif
void setClass(Class cls, objc_object *obj);
Class getClass(bool authenticated);
Class getDecodedClass(bool authenticated);
};
从源码可以看出，isa_t 是一个联合体结构！
1.1 什么是联合体呢？
“联合”是一种特殊的类，也是一种构造类型的数据结构。在一个“联合”内可以定义多种不同的数据类型， 一个被说明为该“联合”类型的变量中，允许装入该“联合”所定义的任何一种数据，这些数据共享同一段内存，以达到节省空间的目的（还有一个节省空间的类型：位域）。 这是一个非常特殊的地方，也是联合的特征。另外，同struct一样，联合默认访问权限也是公有的，并且，也具有成员函数。
1.2 union isa_t内部具体分析
isa_t里面有一个
struct {
ISA_BITFIELD; // defined in isa.h
};
ISA_BITFIELD,是一个宏，
# if __arm64__
// ARM64 simulators have a larger address space, so use the ARM64e
// scheme even when simulators build for ARM64-not-e.
# if __has_feature(ptrauth_calls) || TARGET_OS_SIMULATOR
# define ISA_MASK 0x007ffffffffffff8ULL
# define ISA_MAGIC_MASK 0x0000000000000001ULL
# define ISA_MAGIC_VALUE 0x0000000000000001ULL
# define ISA_HAS_CXX_DTOR_BIT 0
# define ISA_BITFIELD
uintptr_t nonpointer : 1;
uintptr_t has_assoc : 1;
uintptr_t weakly_referenced : 1;
uintptr_t shiftcls_and_sig : 52;
uintptr_t has_sidetable_rc : 1;
uintptr_t extra_rc : 8
# define RC_ONE (1ULL<<56)
# define RC_HALF (1ULL<<7)
# else
# define ISA_MASK 0x0000000ffffffff8ULL
# define ISA_MAGIC_MASK 0x000003f000000001ULL
# define ISA_MAGIC_VALUE 0x000001a000000001ULL
# define ISA_HAS_CXX_DTOR_BIT 1
# define ISA_BITFIELD
uintptr_t nonpointer : 1;
uintptr_t has_assoc : 1;
uintptr_t has_cxx_dtor : 1;
uintptr_t shiftcls : 33; /*MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS 0x1000000000*/
uintptr_t magic : 6;
uintptr_t weakly_referenced : 1;
uintptr_t unused : 1;
uintptr_t has_sidetable_rc : 1;
uintptr_t extra_rc : 19
# define RC_ONE (1ULL<<45)
# define RC_HALF (1ULL<<18)
# endif
# elif __x86_64__
# define ISA_MASK 0x00007ffffffffff8ULL
# define ISA_MAGIC_MASK 0x001f800000000001ULL
# define ISA_MAGIC_VALUE 0x001d800000000001ULL
# define ISA_HAS_CXX_DTOR_BIT 1
# define ISA_BITFIELD
uintptr_t nonpointer : 1;
uintptr_t has_assoc : 1;
uintptr_t has_cxx_dtor : 1;
uintptr_t shiftcls : 44; /*MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS 0x7fffffe00000*/
uintptr_t magic : 6;
uintptr_t weakly_referenced : 1;
uintptr_t unused : 1;
uintptr_t has_sidetable_rc : 1;
uintptr_t extra_rc : 8
# define RC_ONE (1ULL<<56)
# define RC_HALF (1ULL<<7)
# else
# error unknown architecture for packed isa
# endif
我们先来看看arm64架构下ISA_BITFIELD的定义
uintptr_t nonpointer : 1;
uintptr_t has_assoc : 1;
uintptr_t has_cxx_dtor : 1;
uintptr_t shiftcls : 33; /*MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS 0x1000000000*/
uintptr_t magic : 6;
uintptr_t weakly_referenced : 1;
uintptr_t unused : 1;
uintptr_t has_sidetable_rc : 1;
uintptr_t extra_rc : 19
nonpointer:表示是否对 isa 指针开启指针优化 0:纯isa指针，1:不止是类对象地址,isa 中包含了类信息、对象的引用计数等
has_assoc:关联对象标志位，0没有，1存在
has_cxx_dtor:该对象是否有 C++ 或者 Objc 的析构器,如果有析构函数,则需要做析构逻辑, 如果没有,则可以更快的释放对象
shiftcls:存储类指针的值。开启指针优化的情况下，在 arm64 架构中有 33 位用来存储类指针。
magic:用于调试器判断当前对象是真的对象还是没有初始化的空间
weakly_referenced:对象是否被指向或者曾经指向一个 ARC 的弱变量，没有弱引用的对象可以更快释放。
has_sidetable_rc:当对象引用技术大于 10 时，则需要借用该变量存储进位
extra_rc:当表示该对象的引用计数值，实际上是引用计数值减 1， 例如，如果对象的引用计数为 10，那么 extra_rc 为 9。如果引用计数大于 10， 则需要使用到上面的 has_sidetable_rc。
验证一下在x86-64设备上创建一个ZFPerson对象，它的isa指针结构如下
打印出cls的地址,cls = 0x011d800100001541
查看cls地址的二进制数组，刚好与isa_t在x86上的结构数据对应上,第一位是nonpointer，第47到52位是magic值111011H = 59D
__x86_64__
# define ISA_BITFIELD
uintptr_t nonpointer : 1;
uintptr_t has_assoc : 1;
uintptr_t has_cxx_dtor : 1;
uintptr_t shiftcls : 44; /*MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS 0x7fffffe00000*/
uintptr_t magic : 6;
uintptr_t weakly_referenced : 1;
uintptr_t unused : 1;
uintptr_t has_sidetable_rc : 1;
uintptr_t extra_rc : 8
1.3 isa关联类
在isa_t类中有下面两个方法
void setClass(Class cls, objc_object *obj);
Class getClass(bool authenticated);
1.3.1 isa设置类信息
inline void
isa_t::setClass(Class newCls, UNUSED_WITHOUT_PTRAUTH objc_object *obj)
{
// Match the conditional in isa.h.
#if __has_feature(ptrauth_calls) || TARGET_OS_SIMULATOR
# if ISA_SIGNING_SIGN_MODE == ISA_SIGNING_SIGN_NONE
// No signing, just use the raw pointer.
uintptr_t signedCls = (uintptr_t)newCls;
# elif ISA_SIGNING_SIGN_MODE == ISA_SIGNING_SIGN_ONLY_SWIFT
// We're only signing Swift classes. Non-Swift classes just use
// the raw pointer
uintptr_t signedCls = (uintptr_t)newCls;
if (newCls->isSwiftStable())
signedCls = (uintptr_t)ptrauth_sign_unauthenticated((void *)newCls, ISA_SIGNING_KEY, ptrauth_blend_discriminator(obj, ISA_SIGNING_DISCRIMINATOR));
# elif ISA_SIGNING_SIGN_MODE == ISA_SIGNING_SIGN_ALL
// We're signing everything
uintptr_t signedCls = (uintptr_t)ptrauth_sign_unauthenticated((void *)newCls, ISA_SIGNING_KEY, ptrauth_blend_discriminator(obj, ISA_SIGNING_DISCRIMINATOR));
# else
# error Unknown isa signing mode.
# endif
shiftcls_and_sig = signedCls >> 3;
#elif SUPPORT_INDEXED_ISA
// Indexed isa only uses this method to set a raw pointer class.
// Setting an indexed class is handled separately.
cls = newCls;
#else // Nonpointer isa, no ptrauth
shiftcls = (uintptr_t)newCls >> 3;
#endif
}
1.3.2 isa获取class
1.4关于 if __has_feature(ptrauth_calls) || TARGET_OS_SIMULATOR
// ARM64 simulators have a larger address space, so use the ARM64e
// scheme even when simulators build for ARM64-not-e.
//ARM64模拟器有更大的地址空间，所以使用ARM64e
//即使在为ARM64-not-e构建模拟器时也是如此。
ARM64e是arm64e架构，用于Apple A12及更高版本A系列处理器或新型OS_SIMULATOR 模拟器的设备。
__has_feature(ptrauth_calls): 是判断编译器是否支持指针身份验证功能
ptrauth_calls 指针身份验证，针对arm64e架构；使用Apple A12或更高版本A系列处理器的设备（如iPhone XS、iPhone XS Max和iPhone XR或更新的设备）支持arm64e架构
