一、Time Distribution
Look at these two pie graphs.
They show how these two people spend their days, not including weekends.
The one on the top shows how Emma divides up her days.
She is a designer who works for a large company.
As Emma's graph shows, the biggest portion of her day is spent working.
She works an average of 8 hours a day, which is one third of her day.
She gets an average of 6 hours of sleep, which is 25% of her day.
That's less sleep than Martin gets.
According to his graph, he gets an average of 7 hours of sleep, which is about 29% of his day.
On the other hand, Martin, who is an engineer, works more hours than Emma does.
Martin averages 9 hours a day at work, compared to Emma's 8.
That's 37.5% compared to 33%.
Other factors shown in the graphs include time for meals and commuting to work.
Q：What percent of the day does Emma spent their work?
A：33%
Other activities include getting dressed and household chores, such as doing laundry and paying bills.
As you can see, for Martin, commuting is taking a large amount of his time.
If he could reduce his commute time, he would have more time for other things.
And it isn't just the time.
When the traffic is really heavy, his commute is stressful.
It would be great if he could work from home one or two days a week.
His life would be more enjoyable.
Q：If Martin could work at home two days a week,how much would he cut his average commute time?
A：It would cut his commute time by 6 hours.
Martin's life would be more enjoyable if he could reduce his commute time.
And looking at Emma's graph, we see that she probably needs more sleep.
Perhaps she should spend a bit less time socializing with her friends.
On the other hand, socializing with her friends is something she really values.
As for putting on make up, she isn't willing to change that.
For her, exercising, socializing and staying beautiful help her deal with the stress of work.
In conclusion, Emma and Martin both wish that there were more hours in the day.
二、Job Satisfaction Factors
This next graph shows how various factors compare in importance to 1350 job applicants.
These applicants were between 20 and 25 years old.
They were asked to list which factors were most important in a good job.
As the graph shows, money was the most important factor for 25 percent of the applicants.
However, other factors were also important.
The second most important factor was the work environment.
In other words, for many, money isn't everything.
People want to like where they work.
In fact, if we combine Work Environment and Co-workers, the total is 35%.
This is well above the 25% for salary and benefits.
Taken together, they are more important than salary and benefits.
Career path is also important, especially for younger applicants.
They want to see that their job helps build a successful career.
For older workers, this may not be as important.
Older workers often put a higher value on the balance between life and work.
What do you think?
People who want their work to be challenging are people who enjoy solving problems.
The best jobs satisfy several needs, not just salary and benefits.
三、Political Terms
political
英 [pəˈlɪtɪkl] 美 [pəˈlɪtɪkl]
adj.政治的;政府的;政权的;政党的;党派的;关心政治的;政治上活跃的
term
英 [tɜːm] 美 [tɜːrm]
n.词语;术语;措辞;学期(尤用于英国，学校一年分三个学期);期;期限;任期
v.把…称为;把…叫做
political terms
英 [pəˈlɪtɪkl tɜːmz] 美 [pəˈlɪtɪkl tɜːrmz]
政治术语
territory
英 [ˈterətri] 美 [ˈterətɔːri]
n.领土;版图;领地;(个人、群体、动物等占据的)领域，管区，地盘;(某人负责的)地区
boundary
英 [ˈbaʊndri] 美 [ˈbaʊndri]
n.边界;界限;分界线;使球越过边界线的击球(得加分)
border
英 [ˈbɔːdə(r)] 美 [ˈbɔːrdər]
n.国界;边界;边疆;边界地区;镶边;包边;(草坪边等的)狭长花坛
v.和…毗邻;与…接壤;沿…的边;环绕…;给…镶边
army
英 [ˈɑːmi] 美 [ˈɑːrmi]
n.陆军，陆上作战军队;陆军部队;(一国的)陆军;大批;大群
air force
英 [ˈeə fɔːs] 美 [ˈer fɔːrs]
n.空军
navy
英 [ˈneɪvi] 美 [ˈneɪvi]
n.海军;海军部队
justice
英 [ˈdʒʌstɪs] 美 [ˈdʒʌstɪs]
n.公平;公正;公道;合理;公平合理;司法制度;法律制裁;审判
The government of a country, is its control system.
Governments make laws and provide services to their citizens.
The land over which a government has controlled is its territory.
A country's territory has boundaries or borders.
When you leave or enter a country's territory, you usually need a passport.
A country's military provides defense for its territory and its citizens.
The military includes an army, an air force, and a navy.
The main purpose of a military is to defend a country from attack.
A country's criminal justice system includes the police, courts, and prisons.
Its purpose is to enforce the law and protect people from criminal activities.
A country's social services system provides support to people in need.
It provides basic health care services and helps poor people support their children.
Most of the citizens of a country live within its territory.
The territory of a country is defined by its boundaries.
四、Types of Government
anarchy
英 [ˈænəki] 美 [ˈænərki]
n.无政府状态;混乱;无法无天
autocracy
英 [ɔːˈtɒkrəsi] 美 [ɔːˈtɑːkrəsi]
n.独裁政体;专制制度;独裁国家;专制国家
autocrat
英 [ˈɔːtəkræt] 美 [ˈɔːtəkræt]
n.独裁者;专制统治者;专制君主;专横的人;独断专行的人
oligarchy
英 [ˈɒlɪɡɑːki] 美 [ˈɑːləɡɑːrki]
n.寡头政治;寡头统治集团;寡头统治的国家
constitution
英 [ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃn] 美 [ˌkɑːnstɪˈtuːʃn]
n.宪法;章程;身体素质;体质;体格;构成;构造
A state of anarchy exists when a country has no effective government.
In an anarchy, there is nobody to make decisions or enforce the laws.
An autocracy is the simplest form of government.
In an autocracy, the government is controlled by a single individual, known as the autocrat.
Whether or not an autocracy is successful depends on the character and ability of the leader.
In an oligarchy, a small group of people controls the government.
Membership in this group often depends on family connections, wealth, or military power.
In a republic, individuals are elected to represent the citizens.
The power of the government in a republic is limited by a constitution.
A constitution is a written document that makes the rules for a government to follow.
This limits the power of the government.
A constitution defines the relationship between the government and its citizens.
Without a government there is nobody to make decisions or enforce the laws.
Without a good government，decisions that need to be made，won't be made.
五、Quitting a Job
yell
英 [jel] 美 [jel]
v.叫喊;大喊;吼叫
n.喊叫;叫嚷;大喊;(为运动队加油的)呐喊，欢呼
threaten
英 [ˈθretn] 美 [ˈθretn]
v.扬言要;威胁;恐吓;预示凶兆;有…危险;危及;对…构成威胁
straw
英 [strɔː] 美 [strɔː]
n.(收割后干燥的)禾秆，麦秆，稻草;一根禾秆(或麦秆、稻草);(喝饮料用的)吸管
resume
英 [rɪˈzjuːm] 美 [rɪˈzuːm]
n.摘要;概述;概要
v.重新开始;(中断后)继续;恢复席位 / 地位 / 职位
I hear you lost your job.
Is that right?
Yes, that's right.
I quit.
I quit because of the way my boss treats people.
What happened?
I wasn't feeling good one day, and he yelled at me.
When I told him not to yell at me, he threaten me.
Is that all?
That's what bosses do.
Sure, sometimes maybe.
But my boss treated everyone badly, and I was tired of it.
It was the last straw.
The last straw?
Yes, you know, it reached the point where I couldn't take it anymore.
Q：How did his boss treat his employees?
A：badly
Q：What did his boss do?
A：His boss threatened him
I see.
So now you don't have a job?
Right, I don't have a job.
But at least I don't have to deal with my boss anymore.
What are you going to do now?
To be honest, I'm not sure, but I'll find something.
I'll get a job, even if it pays less than before.
Q：What doesn't he have to deal anymore?
A：his ex-boss
Q：What is he going to look for?
A：a new job
Are you sorry you quit?
Yes, and no.
I guess I should have found another job first, and then quit.
Why didn't you?
As I said, he push me too far.
There are something I just won't take.
Q：What won't he take?
A：being treated badly and threatened.
What about your wife?
She isn't happy that I don't have a job, but she understands.
She knows I have a temper.
And she knows I wasn't happy working there.
Q：What does his wife know about him?
A：He has a temper.
Well, I guess I'm lucky.
My job isn't great, but I like the people I'm working with, and I like my manager.
Are you planning to stay there?
I don't know.
For now it's OK, but of course it all depends on how things change.
Well if you hear of any job openings, let me know, OK?
Sure, send me your resume, and I'll let people know you're looking.
Thanks.
