Unit 2-1 Listening 分子、太阳、考试

Matter is made of atoms and molecules. Water, for example, is the H2O molecule. This means that a molecules of water has 3 atoms. A water molecule has 2 Hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Substances like sugar have many atoms in their molecules. A molecule of sugar has many atoms, including carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Matter is made of molecules, such as H20, which is the water molecule. Matter can be in one of three states, solid, liquid or gas. Water and ice are the same substance, but they are in different states. These states depend on the temperature of the molecules. When we heat a substance, the molecules move faster and try to take up more space. When we cool a substances, the molecules move slowly. When we cool a substance in its freezing point, it becomes a solid.

In a solid, the molecules move very little. Their positions are almost fixed. To be fixed means that their positions don’t change. If we heat the molecules they move faster and away from each other. The solid begins to melt, like ice cream on a hot day.

At a certain temperature, a solid begins to change into a liquid. The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid depends on the substance. For water, the solid begins to change into a liquid when its temperature rises to about 0 degree Celsius. For some substances, such as steel, the temperature at which it becomes a liquid is much higher. Steel often melts at around 1370℃.

If we continue to heat the liquid, the molecules move even faster. At a certain temperature, the liquid begins to change into a gas. For water, the liquid begins to change into a gas at 100 degrees Celsius. This is the boiling point of water.

Inside the start, such as our sun, the temperature is very high. Everything inside the sun is a gas. According to scientists, there are over 65 elements inside the sun. These include oxygen and iron. Over 90% of the sun is hydrogen gas.

Yesterday there was an important science test. Lisa, Tom and 20 other classmates took the test. The test was about the states of matter and how they are different. There were 25 questions on the text, and they had 45 minutes to take it.

Here are some of the test results. Two students got perfect scores. The lowest score was 68 out of a hundred. The average score was 86.3. Eleven students scored higher than average. 11 students had below average scores.

Tom missed 2 questions on the test, so his score was 92. His score was the eighth highest in the class. Lisa missed 2 and a half question, so her score was 90. Her score was the  tenth highest score. Her score was 4 points higher than the average score.

Lisa was disappointed with her test results. She studied hard for the test, but she still didn’t do well. As a result, she plans to study harder for next test. The next test will be in about 2 weeks.

Tom was surprised and happy with his test results. He didn’t study hard, so his result was better than he expected. He was also happy that he did better than Lisa did.

Unit 2-1 vocabulary  情绪、爱好

She is screaming because she is really scared. Something is chasing her，so she is screaming for help.

He’s shouting because he is angry. When he is really angry, he often shouts like this.

She’s sleeping because she is tired. Last night she didn’t get enough sleep so today she has no energy.

She’s crying because she is sad. She got some bad news a few minutes ago.

She’s smiling because she’s happy. Her boyfriend was just called and he is returning from a long trip.

This man is hiking up a mountain trail. He is wearing hiking boots and is carrying a pack on his back.

This man enjoys cooking. He attends a cooking class once a week.

This woman enjoys gardening. She grows flowers such as roses and vegetables such as tomatoes in her garden.

This boy loves playing games. He likes all kinds of games including this video game on his computer.

This old couple enjoys traveling. They take several trips a year often to different countries.

Unit 2-1 dialogue    迟到、考试

F: Oh, there you are finally.

M: Yeah, I’m sorry.

F: Why are you so late? You were supposed to be here 30 minutes ago.

M: I got on a wrong subway by mistake.

F: Why didn’t you call? I was really worried.

M: I don’t have my phone. I left it in the office because I was in such a hurry to get here.

F: Ok, you’re here now. we don’t have much time.

M: Yes, we will have to hurry. The meeting starts in 15 minutes, right?

F: Yes, it supposed to if everyone gets here on time.

F: Did you read my presentation?

M: Yes, I did. It’s good and but it’s a bit too long. I’m afraid there won’t be enough time for questions.

F: Do you have any suggestions?

M: Yes, I do. I think the company introduction can be cut in half. They know what we do.

F: Ok, I won’t show the video, it’s about 2 minutes long.

M: There’s a good idea. The video is on our website and it’s not that good anyway.

F: Do you have other suggestions?

M: Not, I don’t. I’m sure you will do the great job. Are you ready?

F: Yes, I’m ready. The meet room is on the 21st floor.

M: OK, let’s go.

G: How did you do this yesterday science test?

B: I did better than expected. How about you.

G: I didn’t do very well. I expected to do better than I did.

B: What was your score?

G: I got a 90. What about you?

B: I got a 92. I only missed 2 questions.

G: So you did better than I did. And I really study for it too.

B: That Is a surprise. You usually do better than I do.

G: Yes, I wasn’t careful. I made one really stupid mistake.

B: What was it?

G: I said 90% of the sun is Helium instead of hydrogen.

B: Wow, there was a stupid mistake.

B: What was the average score for the class? Do you know?

G: The average score is 86.3 and the lowest is 68.

B: Do you know got the lowest test score?

G: No, I don’t. I don’t know who got the lowest score.

B: It’s probably a secret. Did it anyone get a perfect score?

G: I think Ada and Sanjay both get a perfect score.

B: Yes, they always do well. I wish I were as smart as they are.

Unit 2-2 Listening  出差、见朋友

In 6 weeks, Paul is going on a trip. He is going to Japan and China. There are a couple of reasons for the trip. One reason is for business. He’s thinking about starting restaurants in both countries. The other reason is for pleasure. He enjoys traveling, and he’d like to visit some friends.

Yesterday he went online and made airline reservations. There were plenty of seats on the plane, so it was easy. He also got a good discount. Unfortunately, he needs a new passport. His old passport is expiring next week. This is something he didn’t expect. Getting a new passport will take at least a week. He needs to apply for one right away.

Paul also needs a visa to enter China. The last time he went to china was 3 years ago. Getting a visa may also take a week or even two. So he doesn’t have much time. He needs to hurry. He can’t get the visa until he gets his new passport. He’ll have to go to the Chinese consulate in Toronto. Hopefully there won’t be any delays.

Paul has several friends in each country. One of his best friend lives near the Mount Fuji. His friend lives near a beautiful lake about 3 hours from Tokyo. His friend is a great cook and owns a little restaurant. The restaurant is located on the hill above the lake. It has wonderful view, and the food is wonderful. He is looking forward to eating there. Then he will spend the night at his friend’s house.

One way to get to his friend’s house is to go by train. If he takes a train, his friend will meet him at the train station. There is a train station about half an hour from his friend’s house. On the other hand, he may decide to go by car. He can rent a car for a few days and see more of the country. He can use a GPS to help him with directions. He doesn’t speak Japanese, so the directions need to be in English.

In china, Paul has a good friend who lives in Beijing. They studied at the same university in Canada more than 15 years ago. His Chinese friend wants to help Paul with his business. He friends has lots of business experience. His friend can help Paul learn about doing business in china. Paul knows there is a lot to learn. He will certainly need his friend’s help.

While in Beijing, they plan to visit several Italian restaurants. They may meet with some of the owners too, but it isn’t certain yet. Most of the owners are Chinese. One or two of them may want to do business with Paul. If he has time, he may go to the Great Wall of China. It’s a few hours outside of Beijing by car.

Altogether, the trip may take 3 or more weeks. Paul still isn’t sure how long he will stay in each country. He may spend a week in Japan and 2 weeks in china. He may decide to stay longer. Everything decides on his friends. He expects to get more information from them in a day or two.

Unit 2-2 vocabulary  运动、城市设施

In basketball, players score points by shooting a ball through a hoop. Each side has 5 players and the game is played in the basketball court.

Football is probably the world most popular sport. Each team tries to score a goal by kicking the ball into a net.

Baseball is team sport where each side has 9 players. Baseball players use a bat to try to hit the ball and get on base.

Golf is an individual sport where players try to hit the ball into a hole on the ground. The game is played in the golf course with 18 holes.

In boxing, the two boxers stand in a boxing ring and hit each other. Sometimes a boxer, like this one, knocks the other one out.

When people fall down, they can break a bone. A broken bone can be very painful.

If someone is cut, they will bleed. A knife or a sharp object and can cut someone and cause bleeding.

Poisons are very dangerous and can cause death. Some snakes or spiders are poisonous, so be careful.

A heart attack can happen very suddenly. If someone has a heart attack, call for an ambulance right away.

If you catch a fire, fall to the ground and roll. Getting too close to a fire can be very dangerous.

Unit 2-2 dialogue 睡眠不足、厕所坏了

M: What’s the matter? You look very tired today.

F: I’m tired. I didn’t sleep well last night.

M: Bad dream?

F: Yes. Exactly. I had a terrible dream, a real nightmare.

M: So it woke you up.

F: Yes, it woke me up. I was really scared.

M: I’ve had those kinds of dreams too.

F: It was so scared that I was afraid to go back to sleep.

M: Was something chasing you?

F: No, nothing was chasing me but it was falling. I was falling faster and faster and it was dark. I couldn’t see or hear anything.

M: Can you remember anything?

F: Yes, I remember now. In my dream I was screaming, but there was no sound. I thought I was going to die at any second.

M: Wow, that is scary.

M: So what did you do when you woke up?

F: I didn’t want to go back to sleep so I checked the news online. Then I played a game.

M: You didn’t go back to sleep?

F: Actually, I got so tiredly playing the game that I fell asleep.

M: Well, at least you got some sleep. Some sleep is better than no sleep.

F: I guess so but I’m still tired. I hope I can get through the day.

M: Have a good lunch and then work out in the afternoon.

F: Thanks, I’m already feeling a bit better.

M: Hey look, the boss is coming! Look like you’re working hard.

M: Hey, what’s that awful smell?

F: The toilet is broken in the men’s bathroom.

M: Wow, I can’t work when it smells this bad. I need some fresh air.

F: Ok, let’s take a break and go out for a walk. Get your computer and we can work at a coffee shop.

M: Good idea. When do you think it will be cleaned up?

F: A plumber is coming and he should be here soon. By the time we get back, the smell should be gone.

M: That’s one job that I wouldn’t want. I hate to be around bad smells. What about you?

F: Me too. I wouldn’t want to be a plumber.

M: There are lots of jobs that I wouldn’t want.

F: We can talk about that later. Get your computer and let’s get out of here.

Unit 2-3 Listening    出差行程

Last month Paul want on the trip. He went to Japan and China. There were a couple of reasons for the trip. One reason for the trip was for the business. He wanted to start some restaurants in both countries. The other reason was for pleasure. Paul enjoys traveling, and he wanted to visit some friends.

Before leaving on trip Paul had several problems. First, his passport was going to expire. As a result, he needed to apply for a new passport. Second, he needed to get a visa to enter China. In order to apply for a visa, he needed his new passport. He had 6 weeks to get everything done.

After applying for a new passport, it took 2 weeks to get it. Once he got the passport, he went to the Chinese consulate in Toronto and applied for a visa. He filled out an application form and stood in a long line. He was surprised by how many people were applying for visas. It took more than an hour to submit his application.

He submitted his application for the visa on a Friday. A week later he went back to the consulate to pick up his visa. To his surprise, when he got there, the consulate was closed. The consulate was closed because it was a Chinese holiday. Paul was angry at himself for not checking the Consulate website. On its website the consulate’s schedule was posted. There was a notice saying that the consulate would be closed that day.

As a result, Paul had to come back the next Monday. This was because the consulate is closed on weekends. Finally, on Monday, he got the visa and he was ready to go.

Another problem with the trip was his travel schedule. He needed to extend his stay in Japan. One week in Japan wasn’t enough. 3 Japanese restaurant owners wanted to meet with him. He needed more time for the meetings than a couple of days. And he didn’t want to miss staying with a good friend of his.

His friend lives near Mt. Fuji and owns a great restaurant. This was one thing Paul didn’t want to miss. As a result, he extended his stay in Japan. Instead of staying for just a week, he decided to stay for 10 days.

As a result, he had to change the dates for his stay in China. The meetings in China were delayed by 3 days. Instead of arriving on the first of the month, he arrived on the fourth. Fortunately, there were no problems with his new schedule in China.

However, there were fewer meetings than he expected. There wasn’t much interest in opening new Italian restaurants. Still, he had one very good meeting. He met a young Chinese restaurant owner who was interested. The young man already has the restaurant, but he wants to improve it. He and Paul liked each other right away. They met twice in Beijing and are planning to meet again.

The young Chinese man’s name is Yi. He is planning to come to see Paul. They are going to meet late next week in Toronto. Together they will work on a business plan. Paul is glad that he took the trip. He thinks it was a successful and enjoyable trip.

Unit 2-3 vocabulary 救护车、轮椅、天气

Ambulances are used for transport injured or sick people to a hospital. An ambulance’s trained medical personnel who can treat injured or sick people.

A wheelchair is for people who can’t walk. Wheelchairs have 4 wheels and are often pushed by people from behind.

Fire engines are used to fight fires. Firefighter, like this one, often rescues people from burning buildings.

Tow trucks are used to tow cars. This tow truck is towing a car to a repair shop.

Helicopters are used to rescue people from dangerous places. This helicopter is lifting someone from a sinking boat.

This tree is blending over because of the strong wind. It’s going to be windy for the next few days.

It’s a very clear night so they can look up and see many stars. There isn’t a single cloud in the sky.

It’s very cold today so they are wearing very warm clothes. Without warm clothes, they would freeze to death.

It’s nice to eat ice cream on a hot day. This mother is buying ice cream for her daughter.

This old man has to wear glasses to read. Without reading glasses, he can’t see clearly enough to read.

Unit 2-3 dialogue  北京的工作、交友

M: How was Ada’s job in Beijing?

F: It seems to be going well. I talked with her last night.

M: How much is she getting pay?

F: I’m not sure. She said she’s earning more but I don’t know how much she’s getting.

M: Where was she living? Has she found a flat?

F: No, not yet. She’s living with a friend until she can find one of her own. Farther more expensive there and the quality isn’t good.

M: Did she say anything else?

F: Her biggest complaint is the air quality. She hates the pollution. On some days, the pollution is so bad that she’s afraid to breathe.

M: Yeah, I wouldn’t want to live there.

F: She’s hoping it will get better.

M: I’m sure it will but able take time especially with all the cars.

F: She also said she’s still looking for a new boyfriend.

M: That shouldn’t be difficult. She’s nice and she’s good looking. Has she met anyone?

F: No, I don’t think so. She’s looking for someone on the internet.

M: Maybe she will be lucky.

F: Maybe she will. I think I’m going to try that too.

M: Really?

F: What other tries do I have? It’s so difficult to meet someone new. I never have anytime.

M: Me too. I’m always working. Maybe I will try online dating too.

M: If I’m lucky, I may meet someone new, like this girl friend.

M: Oh, come on. You are joking right? I hope you can find someone better than her.

M: Steve seems happy enough.

M: Yes, but he is blinded by love. You know that. I’m sure it will not late for long. As soon as she gets bored, she will find someone else.

M: You may be right. Let’s wait and see.

M: Hey, what about dinner?

F: Sure, it’s getting late and maybe I’ll be the woman of your dreams.

M: Well, let’s take a one night at a time. Let’s have some Indian food, ok?

F: Ok, take chicken for me and I’m hungry.

Unit 2-4 Listening  地球概况、最长河流

Earth is where we all live. It is our home in the solar system. There is no other place for us to live. Earth isn’t just any planet. It’s a very special place. It’s special because we depend on it for many things. Because of its importance we need to take care of it.

We depend on the Earth for its air, its water and many of its natural resources. Natural resources, such as coal and oil, give us energy. Other natural resources we depend on include forests and soil. Forests provide clean air and wood for building houses. Soil is needed to grow plans and keep them healthy. We need to take care of these resources and not waste them.

The earth is a large, rotating sphere, about 4.5 billion years old. The equator, which divides the earth into 2 hemispheres, is about 40,000 kilometers long. The earth’s diameter is 12,756 kilometers. Its radius is half that, or 6378 kilometers. The radius is the distance from the Earth’s center to its surface. Most of the Earth’s surface is covered by water. The rest of the Earth’s surface is land.

Just above the Earth’s surface is the atmosphere. The atmosphere is a layer of gases about 500 kilometers thick. These gases included oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. This mixture of gases is the air that we breathe. As we move about the Earth’s surface the air gets thinner. At high altitudes, the air is too thin to breathe. At the edge of atmosphere is space. There is no air at all in space.

Most of the Earth’s water is in the oceans. The 2 largest oceans are the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Unfortunately, we can’t drink ocean water. This is because ocean water has too much salt. Fortunately, there is also water in lakes and rivers. This water isn’t salty, so we can drink it. Only about 2% of the world’s water is fresh water. Without fresh drinking water, we can’t live. A person can’t live for more than a few days without water.

Rivers are important. Most rivers begin in mountains and end in the oceans. The water flows from high ground to low ground. At first, rivers are small and are called creeks or steams. As water enters from other streams, a river grows.

Some rivers become very large and long. The longest river in the world is the Nile River, in Africa. It’s almost 6500 kilometers long. As for the water volume, the Amazon is the largest river. The volume of water flowing through it per second is more than in any other river.

Another use of rivers is for energy. The energy of falling water is used to produce electricity. This use of water supplies over 20% of the world’s electricity. Rivers are also important for agriculture. Without water, farmers cannot grow food. And of course rivers can be used for transportation. River boats are used for carry things to inland cities or lakes.

Unit 2-4 vocabulary  锻炼、习惯、大陆分布

This man goes running 5 days a week if the weather is good. On the weekend he runs 10 kilometers unless the weather is bad.

This woman really enjoys reading, especially works of fiction. She has read hundreds of books.

This young couple enjoys watching old movies such as titanic. They both cried when it sink and many people went down with the ship.

These young boys enjoy playing sports on the weekend. Sometimes they play basketball and sometimes they play football.

This young man eats too many sweets, so he is overweight. He needs to eat fewer sweets and exercise more.

Here are 6 of the Earth’s 7 continents. Asia is the largest continent both in land and in population. Asia covers 30% of the Earth’s land area.

Africa is the second largest continent. Of all continents, Africa has the youngest population.

Europe is to the west of Asia and is the second smallest continent. Europe is the birth place of classic music and some of the world’s greatest art and literature.

North and South America are bordered on the west of Pacific Ocean and on the east of Atlantic Ocean. The first human beings to live in America came from Asia more than 15,000 years ago.

Australia is the world’s smallest continent and the world’s largest island. Australia is surrounded by the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Unit 2-4 dialogue  无人驾驶车、服务电话

M: Hey! Look at that.

M: Look at what. Look out the window. Did you see the young lady in the red dress?

M: Yeah, I see her. Wow, she’s beautiful and hot. Look at the way she walks.

M: Yes, no behind her. Look at the car that’s following her.

M: I’d rather to look at the young lady.

M2: So what’s the special about the car?

M1: Look at the driver! Do you see one?

M2: No, I don’t. There isn’t anybody driving the car.

M1: Right, there is one of those new driverless car.

M2: Maybe it’s the woman’s car. It’s following her.

M1: I don’t know. Maybe you’re right.

M2: Now that’s a smart car. Maybe I’ll go outside and follow her too.

M1: Hey, get back to work!

F: Thank you for calling our customers support. Please listen to following menu to help us to direct your call. Please say or press 1 to pay your bill. Please say or press 2 to upgrade your service plan. Please say or press 3 to report a technical problem. Please say or press 4 if you want to hear this tries again.

M: I don’t want any these choices.

F: You may also go to our website for help.

M: I went to your website but it didn’t help. I want to speak to a human being.

F: Your business is very important to us.

F: Please say or press 5 or hang up to end this call.

M: None of these! I want a human being. I want to cancel my service.

F: Please wait while we connect you to a service representative.

M: Finally, this is what they called customer services?

F: To assist our representative, please say your first and last name.

M: Tom smith.

F: We heard tom smith. If this is correct, say or press 1. If this is not correct, say or press 2.

M: 1.

F: Thank you. For security purposes, what’s your father middle name?

M: He didn’t have a middle name.

F: Thank you, a customer service representative will be with you shortly.

F: I’m sorry but our offices are closed. Please call back during business hours. Our business offices are open Monday to Friday, from 8 am to 6 pm. Thank you for calling.