第八天:可见性(Visibility)
Kotlin中,一切都是默认为public。当然,它还有一套丰富的可见性修饰符以供使用:private, protected, internal
。他们分别在不同程度上降低可见性。
// public by default
val isVisible = true
// only in the same file
private val isHidden = true
// internal to compilation ‘module’
internal val almostVisible = true
class Foo {
// public by default
val isVisible = true
// visible to my subclasses
protected val isInheritable = true
// only in the same class
private val isHidden = true
}
第九天:缺省参数
重载的方法数多到难以控制啦?给函数参数指定一个缺省值吧。还可以用命名参数让代码变得更加可读:
// parameters with default values
class BulletPointSpan(
private val bulletRadius: Float = DEFAULT_BULLET_RADIUS,
private val gapWidth: Int = DEFAULT_GAP_WIDTH,
private val color: Int = Color.BLACK
) {…}
// using only default values
val bulletPointSpan = BulletPointSpan()
// passing a value for the first argument, others default
val bulletPointSpan2 = BulletPointSpan(
resources.getDimension(R.dimen.radius))
// using a named parameter for the last argument, others default
val bulletPointSpan3 = BulletPointSpan(color = Color.RED)
第十天:密封类
Kotlin的密封类可以让你轻松地处理错误数据。与LiveData结合时,你可以仅用一个LiveData来表示成功和失败的路径。某种程度上好于使用两个变量吧。
sealed class NetworkResult
data class Success(val result: String): NetworkResult()
data class Failure(val error: Error): NetworkResult()
// one observer for success and failure
viewModel.data.observe(this, Observer<NetworkResult> { data ->
data ?: return@Observer // skip nulls
when(data) {
is Success -> showResult(data.result) // smart cast to Success
is Failure -> showError(data.error) // smart cast to Failure
}
})
你也可以在RecyclerView的adapter使用密封类,它们非常适合ViewHolders--有确定的一些类型对应不同的holder。当作为一个表达式使用时,类型没有匹配完全时编译器将会报错。
// use Sealed classes as ViewHolders in a RecyclerViewAdapter
override fun onBindViewHolder(
holder: SealedAdapterViewHolder?, position: Int) {
when (holder) { // compiler enforces handling all types
is HeaderHolder -> {
holder.displayHeader(items[position]) // smart cast here
}
is DetailsHolder -> {
holder.displayDetails(items[position]) // smart cast here
}
}
}
更深入地探讨下RecyclerViews。如果RecyclerView的item有很多callback,比如详情点击,分享,删除动作时,我们可以使用密封类,
一个使用密封类的callback就可以搞定一切啦。
sealed class DetailItemClickEvent
data class DetailBodyClick(val section: Int): DetailItemClickEvent()
data class ShareClick(val platform: String): DetailItemClickEvent()
data class DeleteClick(val confirmed: Boolean):
DetailItemClickEvent()
class MyHandler : DetailItemClickInterface {
override fun onDetailClicked(item: DetailItemClickEvent) {
when (item) { // compiler enforces handling all types
is DetailBodyClick -> expandBody(item.section)
is ShareClick -> shareOn(item.platform)
is DeleteClick -> {
if (item.confirmed) doDelete() else confirmDetele()
}
}
}
}
第十一天:Lazy
懒加载是个好东西!延迟开销大的属性初始化动作直到需要使用他们的时候,这时请使用lazy。计算后的值将会被保存以供后面使用
sealed class DetailItemClickEvent
data class DetailBodyClick(val section: Int): DetailItemClickEvent()
data class ShareClick(val platform: String): DetailItemClickEvent()
data class DeleteClick(val confirmed: Boolean):
DetailItemClickEvent()
class MyHandler : DetailItemClickInterface {
override fun onDetailClicked(item: DetailItemClickEvent) {
when (item) { // compiler enforces handling all types
is DetailBodyClick -> expandBody(item.section)
is ShareClick -> shareOn(item.platform)
is DeleteClick -> {
if (item.confirmed) doDelete() else confirmDetele()
}
}
}
}
第十二天
在Android中,onCreate或者其他回调中初始化对象。Kotin中非空对象必须初始化。怎么办?使用lateinit啊,来承诺最终将会初始化。
恰当地使用它将会带来空值安全。
class MyActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
// non-null, but not initalized
lateinit var recyclerView: RecyclerView
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
// …
// initialized here
recyclerView = findViewById(R.id.recycler_view)
}
}
第十三天:Require and Check
你的函数实参是有效的么?使用它们之前用require来检查下,
如果它们无效,将会抛出IllegalArgumentException,
fun setName(name: String) {
// calling setName(“”) throws IllegalArgumentException
require(name.isNotEmpty()) { “Invalid name” }
// …
}
外部类的状态是否正确呢?使用check来验证。如果检查的值为false将会抛出IllegalStateException
fun User.logOut(){
// When not authenticated, throws IllegalStateException
check(isAuthenticated()) { “User $email is not authenticated” }
isAuthenticated = false
}
第十四天:Inline
迫不及待地想使用lambdas来生成一个新的api?Kotlin允许你指定一个函数为inline----意味着你的调用将会被函数体替代。深呼吸一下,你马上就可以零开销地使用基于lambda的api啦
// define an inline function that takes a function argument
inline fun onlyIf(check: Boolean, operation: () -> Unit) {
if (check) {
operation()
}
}
// call it like this
onlyIf(shouldPrint) { // call: pass operation as a lambda
println(“Hello, Kotlin”)
}
// which will be inlined to this
if (shouldPrint) { // execution: no need to create lambda
println(“Hello, Kotlin”)
}