一个 Grammar 调了很久, 先分解下:
- 解析
[ ]
里面的数据:
use v6;
use Grammar::Debugger;
grammar Lines {
token TOP {
^ <line>+ $
}
token line {
\[
<student>+ % <semicolon>
\]
\n # 换行 \n 是最容易被忽略的地方, 坑了很多次了!
}
token student {
<myname>+ % <comma> # 分隔符也可以是一个 subrule
}
token myname {
<[A..Za..z-]>+ # 字符类的写法 <[...]>
}
token comma {
',' \s+ # 逗号, 分号 不能裸露出现在 token 中
}
token semicolon {
';' \s+
}
}
my $parse = Lines.parsefile('test.txt');
say $parse;
test.txt 的内容如下:
[Lue, Fan]
[Lou, Man-Li]
[Tian, Mijie; Zhou, Lin; Zou, Xiao; Zheng, Qiaoji; Luo, Lingling; Jiang, Na; Lin, Dunmin]
下面的 Grammar 用于解析一个字符串, 由于 tokens 不能回溯, 所以当解析 $str
时使用了 Grammar 的继承, 重写了 university 这个 token:
use v6;
use Grammar::Debugger;
my $string = "[Wang, Zhiguo; Zhao, Zhiguo] Hangzhou Normal Univ, Ctr Cognit & Brain Disorders, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China; [Wang, Zhiguo; Theeuwes, Jan] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Cognit Psychol, Amsterdam, Netherlands";
grammar University::Grammar {
token TOP { ^ <university> $ }
token university { [ <bracket> <info> ]+ % '; ' }
token bracket { '[' <studentname> '] ' }
token studentname { <stdname=.info>+ % '; ' }
token info { <field>+ % ', ' }
token field { <-[,\]\[;\n]>+ }
}
# grammar 像类一样可以继承, 里面的 token 可以被重写
grammar MyUniversity is University::Grammar {
token university { <info>+ % '; ' }
}
my $str = "Zhejiang Univ, Coll Environm & Resources Sci, Dept Resource Sci, Hangzhou 310029, Peoples R China; La Trobe Univ, Dept Agr Sci, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia; Hangzhou Normal Coll, Fac Life Sci, Hangzhou, Peoples R China";
my $parsed = University::Grammar.parse($string);
# my $parsed = MyUniversity.parse($str);
for @($parsed<university><info>) -> $f {
say $f<field>[0];
}