版本记录

前言

自动化Test可以通过编写代码、或者是记录开发者的操作过程并代码化，来实现自动化测试等功能。接下来几篇我们就说一下该技术的使用。感兴趣的可以看下面几篇。
1. 自动化Test使用详细解析（一） —— 基本使用（一）
2. 自动化Test使用详细解析（二） —— 单元测试和UI Test使用简单示例（一）
3. 自动化Test使用详细解析（三） —— 单元测试和UI Test使用简单示例（二）
4. 自动化Test使用详细解析（四） —— 单元测试和UI Test（一）
5. 自动化Test使用详细解析（五） —— 单元测试和UI Test（二）
6. 自动化Test使用详细解析（六） —— 关于Unit Testing 和 UI Testing（一）

源码

1. Swift

首先看下工程组织结构

下面就是源码了

1. AppDelegate.swift

import UIKit

@UIApplicationMain
class AppDelegate: UIResponder, UIApplicationDelegate {
  var window: UIWindow?
}`

2. BullsEyeGame.swift

import Foundation

class BullsEyeGame {
  var round = 0
  let startValue = 50
  var targetValue = 50
  var scoreRound = 0
  var scoreTotal = 0

  var urlSession: URLSessionProtocol = URLSession.shared

  init() {
    startNewGame()
  }

  func startNewGame() {
    round = 1
    scoreTotal = 0
  }

  func startNewRound(completion: @escaping () -> Void) {
    round += 1
    scoreRound = 0
    getRandomNumber { newTarget in
      self.targetValue = newTarget
      DispatchQueue.main.async {
        completion()
      }
    }
  }

  @discardableResult
  func check(guess: Int) -> Int {
    let difference = abs(targetValue - guess)
    scoreRound = 100 - difference
    scoreTotal += scoreRound
    return difference
  }

  func getRandomNumber(completion: @escaping (Int) -> Void) {
    guard let url = URL(string: "http://www.randomnumberapi.com/api/v1.0/random?min=0&max=100&count=1") else {
      return
    }
    let task = urlSession.dataTask(with: url) { data, _, error in
      do {
        guard
          let data = data,
          error == nil,
          let newTarget = try JSONDecoder().decode([Int].self, from: data).first
        else {
          return
        }
        completion(newTarget)
      } catch {
        print("Decoding of random numbers failed.")
      }
    }
    task.resume()
  }
}

3. ViewController.swift

import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController {
  var defaults = UserDefaults.standard

  @IBOutlet weak var targetGuessLabel: UILabel!
  @IBOutlet weak var targetGuessField: UITextField!
  @IBOutlet weak var roundLabel: UILabel!
  @IBOutlet weak var scoreLabel: UILabel!
  @IBOutlet weak var slider: UISlider!
  @IBOutlet weak var segmentedControl: UISegmentedControl!

  let game = BullsEyeGame()
  enum GameStyle: Int { case moveSlider, guessPosition }
  let gameStyleRange = 0..<2
  var gameStyle = GameStyle.guessPosition

  override func viewDidLoad() {
    super.viewDidLoad()

    let defaultGameStyle = defaults.integer(forKey: "gameStyle")
    print(defaultGameStyle)
    if gameStyleRange.contains(defaultGameStyle) {
      gameStyle = GameStyle(rawValue: defaultGameStyle) ?? .moveSlider
      segmentedControl.selectedSegmentIndex = defaultGameStyle
    } else {
      gameStyle = .moveSlider
      defaults.set(0, forKey: "gameStyle")
    }
    updateView()
  }

  @IBAction func chooseGameStyle(_ sender: UISegmentedControl) {
    if gameStyleRange.contains(sender.selectedSegmentIndex) {
      gameStyle = GameStyle(rawValue: sender.selectedSegmentIndex) ?? .moveSlider
      updateView()
    }
    defaults.set(sender.selectedSegmentIndex, forKey: "gameStyle")
  }

  func updateView() {
    switch gameStyle {
    case .moveSlider:
      targetGuessLabel.text = "Get as close as you can to: "
      targetGuessField.text = "\(game.targetValue)"
      targetGuessField.isEnabled = false
      slider.value = Float(game.startValue)
      slider.isEnabled = true
    case .guessPosition:
      targetGuessLabel.text = "Guess where the slider is: "
      targetGuessField.text = ""
      targetGuessField.placeholder = "1-100"
      targetGuessField.isEnabled = true
      slider.value = Float(game.targetValue)
      slider.isEnabled = false
    }
    roundLabel.text = "Round: \(game.round)"
    scoreLabel.text = "Score: \(game.scoreTotal)"
  }

  @IBAction func checkGuess(_ sender: Any) {
    var guess: Int?
    switch gameStyle {
    case .moveSlider:
      guess = Int(lroundf(slider.value))
    case .guessPosition:
      targetGuessField.resignFirstResponder()
      guess = Int(targetGuessField.text ?? "")
    }
    if let guess = guess {
      showScoreAlert(difference: game.check(guess: guess))
    } else {
      showNaNAlert()
    }
  }

  func showScoreAlert(difference: Int) {
    let title = "you scored \(game.scoreRound) points"
    let message = "target value \(game.targetValue)"
    let alert = UIAlertController(title: title, message: message, preferredStyle: .alert)
    let action = UIAlertAction(title: "OK", style: .default) { _ in
      self.game.startNewRound {
        alert.dismiss(animated: true, completion: nil)
        self.updateView()
      }
    }
    alert.addAction(action)
    present(alert, animated: true, completion: nil)
  }

  func showNaNAlert() {
    let alert = UIAlertController(
      title: "Not A Number",
      message: "Please enter a positive number",
      preferredStyle: .alert
    )
    let action = UIAlertAction(title: "OK", style: .default, handler: nil)
    alert.addAction(action)
    present(alert, animated: true, completion: nil)
  }

  @IBAction func startOver(_ sender: Any) {
    game.startNewGame()
    updateView()
  }
}

4. URLSessionStub.swift

import Foundation

typealias DataTaskCompletionHandler = (Data?, URLResponse?, Error?) -> Void
protocol URLSessionProtocol {
  func dataTask(
    with url: URL,
    completionHandler: @escaping DataTaskCompletionHandler
  ) -> URLSessionDataTask
}

extension URLSession: URLSessionProtocol { }

class URLSessionStub: URLSessionProtocol {
  private let stubbedData: Data?
  private let stubbedResponse: URLResponse?
  private let stubbedError: Error?

  public init(data: Data? = nil, response: URLResponse? = nil, error: Error? = nil) {
    self.stubbedData = data
    self.stubbedResponse = response
    self.stubbedError = error
  }

  public func dataTask(
    with url: URL,
    completionHandler: @escaping DataTaskCompletionHandler
  ) -> URLSessionDataTask {
    URLSessionDataTaskStub(
      stubbedData: stubbedData,
      stubbedResponse: stubbedResponse,
      stubbedError: stubbedError,
      completionHandler: completionHandler
    )
  }
}

class URLSessionDataTaskStub: URLSessionDataTask {
  private let stubbedData: Data?
  private let stubbedResponse: URLResponse?
  private let stubbedError: Error?
  private let completionHandler: DataTaskCompletionHandler?

  init(
    stubbedData: Data? = nil,
    stubbedResponse: URLResponse? = nil,
    stubbedError: Error? = nil,
    completionHandler: DataTaskCompletionHandler? = nil
  ) {
    self.stubbedData = stubbedData
    self.stubbedResponse = stubbedResponse
    self.stubbedError = stubbedError
    self.completionHandler = completionHandler
  }

  override func resume() {
    completionHandler?(stubbedData, stubbedResponse, stubbedError)
  }
}

5. NetworkMonitor.swift

import Network

class NetworkMonitor {
  static let shared = NetworkMonitor()
  var isReachable: Bool { status == .satisfied }

  private let monitor = NWPathMonitor()
  private var status = NWPath.Status.requiresConnection

  private init() {
    startMonitoring()
  }

  func startMonitoring() {
    monitor.pathUpdateHandler = { [weak self] path in
      self?.status = path.status
    }
    let queue = DispatchQueue(label: "NetworkMonitor")
    monitor.start(queue: queue)
  }

  func stopMonitoring() {
    monitor.cancel()
  }
}

6. BullsEyeTests.swift

import XCTest
@testable import BullsEye

// swiftlint:disable implicitly_unwrapped_optional
class BullsEyeTests: XCTestCase {
  var sut: BullsEyeGame!

  override func setUpWithError() throws {
    try super.setUpWithError()
    sut = BullsEyeGame()
  }

  override func tearDownWithError() throws {
    sut = nil
    try super.tearDownWithError()
  }

  func testScoreIsComputedWhenGuessIsHigherThanTarget() {
    // 1. given
    let guess = sut.targetValue + 5

    // 2. when
    sut.check(guess: guess)

    // 3. then
    XCTAssertEqual(sut.scoreRound, 95, "Score computed from guess is wrong")
  }

  func testScoreIsComputedWhenGuessIsLowerThanTarget() {
    // 1. given
    let guess = sut.targetValue - 5

    // 2. when
    sut.check(guess: guess)

    // 3. then
    XCTAssertEqual(sut.scoreRound, 95, "Score computed from guess is wrong")
  }

  func testScoreIsComputedPerformance() {
    measure(metrics: [XCTClockMetric(), XCTCPUMetric(), XCTStorageMetric(), XCTMemoryMetric()]) {
      sut.check(guess: 100)
    }
  }
}

7. BullsEyeFakeTests.swift

import XCTest
@testable import BullsEye

// swiftlint:disable implicitly_unwrapped_optional
// swiftlint:disable force_unwrapping
class BullsEyeFakeTests: XCTestCase {
  var sut: BullsEyeGame!

  override func setUpWithError() throws {
    try super.setUpWithError()
    sut = BullsEyeGame()
  }

  override func tearDownWithError() throws {
    sut = nil
    try super.tearDownWithError()
  }

  func testStartNewRoundUsesRandomValueFromApiRequest() {
    // given
    // 1
    let stubbedData = "[1]".data(using: .utf8)
    let urlString = "http://www.randomnumberapi.com/api/v1.0/random?min=0&max=100&count=1"
    let url = URL(string: urlString)!
    let stubbedResponse = HTTPURLResponse(
      url: url,
      statusCode: 200,
      httpVersion: nil,
      headerFields: nil)
    let urlSessionStub = URLSessionStub(
      data: stubbedData,
      response: stubbedResponse,
      error: nil)
    sut.urlSession = urlSessionStub
    let promise = expectation(description: "Completion handler invoked")

    // when
    sut.startNewRound {
      // then
      // 2
      XCTAssertEqual(self.sut.targetValue, 1)
      promise.fulfill()
    }
    wait(for: [promise], timeout: 5)
  }
}`

8. BullsEyeMockTests.swift

import XCTest
@testable import BullsEye

class MockUserDefaults: UserDefaults {
  var gameStyleChanged = 0
  override func set(_ value: Int, forKey defaultName: String) {
    if defaultName == "gameStyle" {
      gameStyleChanged += 1
    }
  }
}

// swiftlint:disable implicitly_unwrapped_optional
class BullsEyeMockTests: XCTestCase {
  var sut: ViewController!
  var mockUserDefaults: MockUserDefaults!

  override func setUpWithError() throws {
    try super.setUpWithError()
    sut = UIStoryboard(name: "Main", bundle: nil)
      .instantiateInitialViewController() as? ViewController
    mockUserDefaults = MockUserDefaults(suiteName: "testing")
    sut.defaults = mockUserDefaults
  }

  override func tearDownWithError() throws {
    sut = nil
    mockUserDefaults = nil
    try super.tearDownWithError()
  }

  func testGameStyleCanBeChanged() {
    // given
    let segmentedControl = UISegmentedControl()

    // when
    XCTAssertEqual(
      mockUserDefaults.gameStyleChanged,
      0,
      "gameStyleChanged should be 0 before sendActions")
    segmentedControl.addTarget(
      sut,
      action: #selector(ViewController.chooseGameStyle(_:)),
      for: .valueChanged)
    segmentedControl.sendActions(for: .valueChanged)

    // then
    XCTAssertEqual(
      mockUserDefaults.gameStyleChanged,
      1,
      "gameStyle user default wasn't changed")
  }
}

9. BullsEyeSlowTests.swift

import XCTest
@testable import BullsEye

// swiftlint:disable implicitly_unwrapped_optional
// swiftlint:disable force_unwrapping
class BullsEyeSlowTests: XCTestCase {
  var sut: URLSession!
  let networkMonitor = NetworkMonitor.shared

  override func setUpWithError() throws {
    try super.setUpWithError()
    sut = URLSession(configuration: .default)
  }

  override func tearDownWithError() throws {
    sut = nil
    try super.tearDownWithError()
  }

  // Asynchronous test: success fast, failure slow
  func testValidApiCallGetsHTTPStatusCode200() throws {
    try XCTSkipUnless(
      networkMonitor.isReachable,
      "Network connectivity needed for this test.")

    // given
    let urlString = "http://www.randomnumberapi.com/api/v1.0/random?min=0&max=100&count=1"
    let url = URL(string: urlString)!
    // 1
    let promise = expectation(description: "Status code: 200")

    // when
    let dataTask = sut.dataTask(with: url) { _, response, error in
      // then
      if let error = error {
        XCTFail("Error: \(error.localizedDescription)")
        return
      } else if let statusCode = (response as? HTTPURLResponse)?.statusCode {
        if statusCode == 200 {
          // 2
          promise.fulfill()
        } else {
          XCTFail("Status code: \(statusCode)")
        }
      }
    }
    dataTask.resume()
    // 3
    wait(for: [promise], timeout: 5)
  }

  // Asynchronous test: faster fail
  func testApiCallCompletes() throws {
    try XCTSkipUnless(
      networkMonitor.isReachable,
      "Network connectivity needed for this test."
    )

    // given
    let urlString = "http://www.randomnumberapi.com/api/v1.0/random?min=0&max=100&count=1"
    let url = URL(string: urlString)!
    let promise = expectation(description: "Completion handler invoked")
    var statusCode: Int?
    var responseError: Error?

    // when
    let dataTask = sut.dataTask(with: url) { _, response, error in
      statusCode = (response as? HTTPURLResponse)?.statusCode
      responseError = error
      promise.fulfill()
    }
    dataTask.resume()
    wait(for: [promise], timeout: 5)

    // then
    XCTAssertNil(responseError)
    XCTAssertEqual(statusCode, 200)
  }
}

10. BullsEyeUITests.swift

import XCTest

// swiftlint:disable implicitly_unwrapped_optional
class BullsEyeUITests: XCTestCase {
  var app: XCUIApplication!

  override func setUpWithError() throws {
    try super.setUpWithError()
    continueAfterFailure = false

    app = XCUIApplication()
    app.launch()
  }

  func testGameStyleSwitch() throws {
    // given
    let slideButton = app.segmentedControls.buttons["Slide"]
    let typeButton = app.segmentedControls.buttons["Type"]
    let slideLabel = app.staticTexts["Get as close as you can to: "]
    let typeLabel = app.staticTexts["Guess where the slider is: "]

    // then
    if slideButton.isSelected {
      XCTAssertTrue(slideLabel.exists)
      XCTAssertFalse(typeLabel.exists)

      typeButton.tap()
      XCTAssertTrue(typeLabel.exists)
      XCTAssertFalse(slideLabel.exists)
    } else if typeButton.isSelected {
      XCTAssertTrue(typeLabel.exists)
      XCTAssertFalse(slideLabel.exists)

      slideButton.tap()
      XCTAssertTrue(slideLabel.exists)
      XCTAssertFalse(typeLabel.exists)
    }
  }
}

后记

本篇主要讲述了关于Unit Testing 和 UI Testing，感兴趣的给个赞或者关注~~~