1 概述
使用过Spring Boot的都会知道，我们可以在application.properties文件中进行一系列的配置，该配置会被自动注入到我们需要使用的bean中，下面我们就介绍配置注入的实现原理。
首先，要知道在application.properties中的配置是通过BeanPostProcessor进行注入的，具体完成该功能的BeanPostProcessor实现类是ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor。
本文接下来会介绍ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor是在何时被加入到beanfactory中的，以及@EnableConfigurationProperties、@ConfigurationProperties注解的实现原理。
2 实例
Spring Boot自动配置中充斥着大量使用通过application.properties进行扩展配置的实现，比如我们熟悉的MybatisAutoConfiguration：
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({SqlSessionFactory.class, SqlSessionFactoryBean.class})
@ConditionalOnSingleCandidate(DataSource.class)
//使用MybatisProperties类获得application.properties中的实现
@EnableConfigurationProperties({MybatisProperties.class})
@AutoConfigureAfter({DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, MybatisLanguageDriverAutoConfiguration.class})
public class MybatisAutoConfiguration implements InitializingBean {
...
}
下面我们在看下MybatisProperties类的定义：
//指定扩展配置在application.properties中的配置前缀为mybatis
@ConfigurationProperties(
prefix = "mybatis"
)
public class MybatisProperties {
public static final String MYBATIS_PREFIX = "mybatis";
...
}
通过如上的注解，MyBatis就可以获得我们在application.properties中的配置了，比如如下配置：
mybatis.config-location=classpath:configurations/mybatis/mybatis-config.xml
3 配置注入实现原理
要了解配置注入的实现原理，首先要找到上文介绍到的ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor是何时被注册到beanfactory中的，通过阅读源码发现，在spring.factories文件中有如下一行：
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
...
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
...
可见，是通过@EnableAutoConfiguration注解引入了相关的配置，@EnableAutoConfiguration通过@Import注解自动配置的原理这里不再介绍。我们看下ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration类的实现：
//两个重要的注解Configuration使得该类被视为配置类进行处理
//EnableConfigurationProperties则实现了配置注入
@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties
public class ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration {
}
首先ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration被@Configuration注解，因此会在beanfactory加载时被作为配置类处理，具体在ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry调用ConfigurationClassParser.parse进行处理。
我们再看@EnableConfigurationProperties定义：
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Import(EnableConfigurationPropertiesImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableConfigurationProperties {
/**
* Convenient way to quickly register {@link ConfigurationProperties} annotated beans
* with Spring. Standard Spring Beans will also be scanned regardless of this value.
* @return {@link ConfigurationProperties} annotated beans to register
*/
Class<?>[] value() default {};
}
@EnableConfigurationProperties通过@Import(EnableConfigurationPropertiesImportSelector.class)向容器中注入了相关的处理类，@Import也是在ConfigurationClassParser.parse进行处理的。
EnableConfigurationPropertiesImportSelector类定义如下：
class EnableConfigurationPropertiesImportSelector implements ImportSelector {
private static final String[] IMPORTS = { ConfigurationPropertiesBeanRegistrar.class.getName(),
ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessorRegistrar.class.getName() };
//该类主要通过@Import实现机制向beanfactory进行了配置注入相关类的注册
//其中ConfigurationPropertiesBeanRegistrar负责找到所有EnableConfigurationProperties
//注解中声明的配置类，并将其注册到beanfactory中，如上面例子中的
//@EnableConfigurationProperties({MybatisProperties.class}),
//MybatisProperties将被注入到beanfactory中
//ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessorRegistrar则负责
//在实例化类时，检测该类是否被ConfigurationProperties注解，如果是的话
//则从application.properties获取相应前缀的配置，然后进行配置注入
@Override
public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata metadata) {
return IMPORTS;
}
/**
* {@link ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar} for configuration properties support.
*/
//ConfigurationPropertiesBeanRegistrar是EnableConfigurationPropertiesImportSelector的内部类
public static class ConfigurationPropertiesBeanRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar {
//向beanfactory中注入所有注解EnableConfigurationProperties.value中指定的配置类
@Override
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata metadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
getTypes(metadata).forEach((type) -> register(registry, (ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) registry, type));
}
//获取该配置类EnableConfigurationProperties.value中指定的配置类
private List<Class<?>> getTypes(AnnotationMetadata metadata) {
MultiValueMap<String, Object> attributes = metadata
.getAllAnnotationAttributes(EnableConfigurationProperties.class.getName(), false);
return collectClasses((attributes != null) ? attributes.get("value") : Collections.emptyList());
}
private List<Class<?>> collectClasses(List<?> values) {
return values.stream().flatMap((value) -> Arrays.stream((Object[]) value)).map((o) -> (Class<?>) o)
.filter((type) -> void.class != type).collect(Collectors.toList());
}
private void register(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory,
Class<?> type) {
String name = getName(type);
if (!containsBeanDefinition(beanFactory, name)) {
registerBeanDefinition(registry, name, type);
}
}
private String getName(Class<?> type) {
ConfigurationProperties annotation = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(type, ConfigurationProperties.class);
String prefix = (annotation != null) ? annotation.prefix() : "";
return (StringUtils.hasText(prefix) ? prefix + "-" + type.getName() : type.getName());
}
private boolean containsBeanDefinition(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory, String name) {
if (beanFactory.containsBeanDefinition(name)) {
return true;
}
BeanFactory parent = beanFactory.getParentBeanFactory();
if (parent instanceof ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) {
return containsBeanDefinition((ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) parent, name);
}
return false;
}
private void registerBeanDefinition(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, String name, Class<?> type) {
assertHasAnnotation(type);
GenericBeanDefinition definition = new GenericBeanDefinition();
definition.setBeanClass(type);
registry.registerBeanDefinition(name, definition);
}
private void assertHasAnnotation(Class<?> type) {
Assert.notNull(AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(type, ConfigurationProperties.class),
() -> "No " + ConfigurationProperties.class.getSimpleName() + " annotation found on '"
+ type.getName() + "'.");
}
}
}
好了，到这里，我们已经知道注解@EnableConfigurationProperties.value中指定的配置类是如何被注入到beanfactory中的了，那么注解EnableConfigurationProperties.value中指定的配置类中的属性是如何从application.properties被注入的呢？比如上面的
//指定扩展配置在application.properties中的配置前缀为mybatis
@ConfigurationProperties(
prefix = "mybatis"
)
public class MybatisProperties {
public static final String MYBATIS_PREFIX = "mybatis";
...
}
对应配置如下：
mybatis.config-location=classpath:configurations/mybatis/mybatis-config.xml
这就是我们前面提到的BeanPostProcessor接口实现类ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor类处理的，而ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor则是通过上面EnableConfigurationPropertiesImportSelector中使用类ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessorRegistrar进行注册的：
public class ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessorRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar {
//通过如下方法注入了ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor
@Override
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
if (!registry.containsBeanDefinition(ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor.BEAN_NAME)) {
registerConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor(registry);
registerConfigurationBeanFactoryMetadata(registry);
}
}
private void registerConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
GenericBeanDefinition definition = new GenericBeanDefinition();
definition.setBeanClass(ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor.class);
definition.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE);
registry.registerBeanDefinition(ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor.BEAN_NAME, definition);
}
private void registerConfigurationBeanFactoryMetadata(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
GenericBeanDefinition definition = new GenericBeanDefinition();
definition.setBeanClass(ConfigurationBeanFactoryMetadata.class);
definition.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE);
registry.registerBeanDefinition(ConfigurationBeanFactoryMetadata.BEAN_NAME, definition);
}
}
ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor是接口BeanPostProcessor的实现，会被ApplicationContext检测出来，在实例化每个bean时会被调用进行扩展处理。
//ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor
//类ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor在方法postProcessBeforeInitialization
//进行配置注入，在下面的源码中可以看到我们熟悉的注解@ConfigurationProperties
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
ConfigurationProperties annotation = getAnnotation(bean, beanName, ConfigurationProperties.class);
if (annotation != null) {
bind(bean, beanName, annotation);
}
return bean;
}
