从setContentView开始，了解View的加载过程
setContentView主要看两个方向，一个是继承Activity，另一个是集成AppCompatActivity(谷歌工程师提供的兼容包)，带着下面的4个问题看源码。
问题：
- setContentView到底做了些什么，为什么调用后就可以显示出我们想要的布局界面？
- phoneWindow到底是什么东西，window和他是什么关系？
- DecorView是干什么用的？和我们的布局有什么关系？
- getWindow().requestFeature 去除标题栏，为什么要放到setContentView之前才有效？
继承自Activity
点进setContentView的源码，可以看到里面调用了window的setContentView方法，然后初始化了windowDecorView的ActionBar和DecorView
public void setContentView(@LayoutRes int layoutResID) {
getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID);
initWindowDecorActionBar();
}
- getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID);
getWindow()返回值是一个Window对象,而Window是一个抽象类，仅有的实现类是PhoneWindow,这个从Window的注释上就可以看的出来。
/**
* Abstract base class for a top-level window look and behavior policy. An
* instance of this class should be used as the top-level view added to the
* window manager. It provides standard UI policies such as a background, title
* area, default key processing, etc.
*
* <p>The only existing implementation of this abstract class is
* android.view.PhoneWindow, which you should instantiate when needing a
* Window.
*/
public abstract class Window {
......
}
所以setContentView真正的调用其实是PhoneWindow的setContentView()方法。
@Override
public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
// Note: FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS may be set in the process of installing the window
// decor, when theme attributes and the like are crystalized. Do not check the feature
// before this happens.
if (mContentParent == null) {
installDecor();
} else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
mContentParent.removeAllViews();
}
if (hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
final Scene newScene = Scene.getSceneForLayout(mContentParent, layoutResID,
getContext());
transitionTo(newScene);
} else {
mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);
}
mContentParent.requestApplyInsets();
final Callback cb = getCallback();
if (cb != null && !isDestroyed()) {
cb.onContentChanged();
}
mContentParentExplicitlySet = true;
}
首先，先判断mContentParent是否为null，mContentParent是window内容的区域，不是decorView本身，也不是DecorView的子类，如果是，installDecor().从注释区域也写的很明白，window.requestFeature()方法要写到此方法之前。看一下啊installDecor中的方法，因为太长了，只看关键的部分。
if (mDecor == null) {
mDecor = generateDecor(-1);
mDecor.setDescendantFocusability(ViewGroup.FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS);
mDecor.setIsRootNamespace(true);
if (!mInvalidatePanelMenuPosted && mInvalidatePanelMenuFeatures != 0) {
mDecor.postOnAnimation(mInvalidatePanelMenuRunnable);
}
} else {
mDecor.setWindow(this);
}
先判断mDecorView是否为null，如果是，就初始化一个DecorView，如果不是，把当前的window塞给这个DecorView。generateDecor这个方法很简单，看下代码，很简单，仅仅初始化了一个decorView。
protected DecorView generateDecor(int featureId) {
// System process doesn't have application context and in that case we need to directly use
// the context we have. Otherwise we want the application context, so we don't cling to the
// activity.
Context context;
if (mUseDecorContext) {
Context applicationContext = getContext().getApplicationContext();
if (applicationContext == null) {
context = getContext();
} else {
context = new DecorContext(applicationContext, getContext().getResources());
if (mTheme != -1) {
context.setTheme(mTheme);
}
}
} else {
context = getContext();
}
return new DecorView(context, featureId, this, getAttributes());
}
继续看isntallDecor方法
if (mContentParent == null) {
mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor);
// Set up decor part of UI to ignore fitsSystemWindows if appropriate.
mDecor.makeOptionalFitsSystemWindows();
final DecorContentParent decorContentParent = (DecorContentParent) mDecor.findViewById(
R.id.decor_content_parent);
.........
}
先判断mContentParent是否为null，如果是，就生成一个mContentParent。看下generateLayout()这个方法。这个方法太长了。看几个关键点。主要思想分为两点：
- 先判断这个布局的样式是什么样式。
- 加载不同的布局文件
这也能回到上面的问题4。
if (mIsFloating) { //判断样式
setLayout(WRAP_CONTENT, WRAP_CONTENT);
setFlags(0, flagsToUpdate);
} else {
setFlags(FLAG_LAYOUT_IN_SCREEN|FLAG_LAYOUT_INSET_DECOR, flagsToUpdate);
}
if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowNoTitle, false)) {
requestFeature(FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
} else if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowActionBar, false)) {
// Don't allow an action bar if there is no title.
requestFeature(FEATURE_ACTION_BAR);
}
if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowActionBarOverlay, false)) {
requestFeature(FEATURE_ACTION_BAR_OVERLAY);
}
if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowActionModeOverlay, false)) {
requestFeature(FEATURE_ACTION_MODE_OVERLAY);
}
if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowSwipeToDismiss, false)) {
requestFeature(FEATURE_SWIPE_TO_DISMISS);
}
if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowFullscreen, false)) {
setFlags(FLAG_FULLSCREEN, FLAG_FULLSCREEN & (~getForcedWindowFlags()));
}
if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowTranslucentStatus,
false)) {
setFlags(FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_STATUS, FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_STATUS
& (~getForcedWindowFlags()));
}
//加载不同的布局文件
if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_SWIPE_TO_DISMISS)) != 0) {
layoutResource = R.layout.screen_swipe_dismiss;
} else if ((features & ((1 << FEATURE_LEFT_ICON) | (1 << FEATURE_RIGHT_ICON))) != 0) {
if (mIsFloating) {
TypedValue res = new TypedValue();
getContext().getTheme().resolveAttribute(
R.attr.dialogTitleIconsDecorLayout, res, true);
layoutResource = res.resourceId;
} else {
layoutResource = R.layout.screen_title_icons;
}
// XXX Remove this once action bar supports these features.
removeFeature(FEATURE_ACTION_BAR);
// System.out.println("Title Icons!");
} else if ((features & ((1 << FEATURE_PROGRESS) | (1 << FEATURE_INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS))) != 0
&& (features & (1 << FEATURE_ACTION_BAR)) == 0) {
// Special case for a window with only a progress bar (and title).
// XXX Need to have a no-title version of embedded windows.
layoutResource = R.layout.screen_progress;
// System.out.println("Progress!");
} else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_CUSTOM_TITLE)) != 0) {
// Special case for a window with a custom title.
// If the window is floating, we need a dialog layout
if (mIsFloating) {
TypedValue res = new TypedValue();
getContext().getTheme().resolveAttribute(
R.attr.dialogCustomTitleDecorLayout, res, true);
layoutResource = res.resourceId;
} else {
layoutResource = R.layout.screen_custom_title;
}
// XXX Remove this once action bar supports these features.
removeFeature(FEATURE_ACTION_BAR);
} else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_NO_TITLE)) == 0) {
// If no other features and not embedded, only need a title.
// If the window is floating, we need a dialog layout
if (mIsFloating) {
TypedValue res = new TypedValue();
getContext().getTheme().resolveAttribute(
R.attr.dialogTitleDecorLayout, res, true);
layoutResource = res.resourceId;
} else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_ACTION_BAR)) != 0) {
layoutResource = a.getResourceId(
R.styleable.Window_windowActionBarFullscreenDecorLayout,
R.layout.screen_action_bar);
} else {
layoutResource = R.layout.screen_title;
}
// System.out.println("Title!");
} else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_ACTION_MODE_OVERLAY)) != 0) {
layoutResource = R.layout.screen_simple_overlay_action_mode;
} else {
// Embedded, so no decoration is needed.
layoutResource = R.layout.screen_simple; //这个布局看一下
// System.out.println("Simple!");
}
随便看一个布局，screen_simple，布局文件很简单：看代码
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
android:orientation="vertical">
<ViewStub android:id="@+id/action_mode_bar_stub"
android:inflatedId="@+id/action_mode_bar"
android:layout="@layout/action_mode_bar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:theme="?attr/actionBarTheme" />
<FrameLayout
android:id="@android:id/content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:foregroundInsidePadding="false"
android:foregroundGravity="fill_horizontal|top"
android:foreground="?android:attr/windowContentOverlay" />
</LinearLayout>
整个布局如下图所示：
image
继续看isntallDecor方法，后面的方法就是把主题样式设置给布局。installDecor就看完了，返回去看PhoneWindow的setContentView方法。
public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
// Note: FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS may be set in the process of installing the window
// decor, when theme attributes and the like are crystalized. Do not check the feature
// before this happens.
if (mContentParent == null) {
installDecor();
} else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
mContentParent.removeAllViews();
}
if (hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
final Scene newScene = Scene.getSceneForLayout(mContentParent, layoutResID,
getContext());
transitionTo(newScene);
} else {
mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);
}
mContentParent.requestApplyInsets();
final Callback cb = getCallback();
if (cb != null && !isDestroyed()) {
cb.onContentChanged();
}
mContentParentExplicitlySet = true;
}
用加载器加载一个布局出来，mContentParent从新绘制。这样window就把整个布局加好了,然后在Activity的attach方法中实例化出Window，在ActivityThread中启动Activity的时候添加出来。
继承自AppCompatActivity
继承自AppCompatActivity做了兼容的操作，但是原理还是一样的。看代码，首先先调用了AppCompatDelegate的setContentView();
@Override
public void setContentView(@LayoutRes int layoutResID) {
getDelegate().setContentView(layoutResID);
}
AppCompatDelegate的setContentView()是个抽象方法，真正的实现类为：AppCompatDelegateImplV9的setContentView();
@Override
public void setContentView(int resId) {
ensureSubDecor();
ViewGroup contentParent = (ViewGroup) mSubDecor.findViewById(android.R.id.content);
contentParent.removeAllViews();
LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(resId, contentParent);
mOriginalWindowCallback.onContentChanged();
}
从方法体的第一行可以看出这个方法就是确定一个subDecorView的。看代码：
private void ensureSubDecor() {
if (!mSubDecorInstalled) {
mSubDecor = createSubDecor();
// If a title was set before we installed the decor, propagate it now
CharSequence title = getTitle();
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(title)) {
onTitleChanged(title);
}
applyFixedSizeWindow();
onSubDecorInstalled(mSubDecor);
mSubDecorInstalled = true;
// Invalidate if the panel menu hasn't been created before this.
// Panel menu invalidation is deferred avoiding application onCreateOptionsMenu
// being called in the middle of onCreate or similar.
// A pending invalidation will typically be resolved before the posted message
// would run normally in order to satisfy instance state restoration.
PanelFeatureState st = getPanelState(FEATURE_OPTIONS_PANEL, false);
if (!isDestroyed() && (st == null || st.menu == null)) {
invalidatePanelMenu(FEATURE_SUPPORT_ACTION_BAR);
}
}
}
大体意思就是这么几个方向：
- 创建以个subDecorView
- 获取title
- 将View和Window的大小相匹配
- 安装subDecor
接下来看下createSubDecor()这个方法。代码太多了，看其中的重要的部分，其思想也是和上面Activity一样： - 先判断feature
- 再加载相应的布局。
/**
先判断feature
*/
if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.AppCompatTheme_windowNoTitle, false)) {
requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
} else if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.AppCompatTheme_windowActionBar, false)) {
// Don't allow an action bar if there is no title.
requestWindowFeature(FEATURE_SUPPORT_ACTION_BAR);
}
if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.AppCompatTheme_windowActionBarOverlay, false)) {
requestWindowFeature(FEATURE_SUPPORT_ACTION_BAR_OVERLAY);
}
if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.AppCompatTheme_windowActionModeOverlay, false)) {
requestWindowFeature(FEATURE_ACTION_MODE_OVERLAY);
}
mIsFloating = a.getBoolean(R.styleable.AppCompatTheme_android_windowIsFloating, false);
a.recycle();
/**
加载其中的一个布局的一部分代码
*/
if (mIsFloating) {
// If we're floating, inflate the dialog title decor
subDecor = (ViewGroup) inflater.inflate(
R.layout.abc_dialog_title_material, null);
// Floating windows can never have an action bar, reset the flags
mHasActionBar = mOverlayActionBar = false;
} else if (mHasActionBar) {
/**
* This needs some explanation. As we can not use the android:theme attribute
* pre-L, we emulate it by manually creating a LayoutInflater using a
* ContextThemeWrapper pointing to actionBarTheme.
*/
TypedValue outValue = new TypedValue();
mContext.getTheme().resolveAttribute(R.attr.actionBarTheme, outValue, true);
Context themedContext;
if (outValue.resourceId != 0) {
themedContext = new ContextThemeWrapper(mContext, outValue.resourceId);
} else {
themedContext = mContext;
}
// Now inflate the view using the themed context and set it as the content view
subDecor = (ViewGroup) LayoutInflater.from(themedContext)
.inflate(R.layout.abc_screen_toolbar, null);
mDecorContentParent = (DecorContentParent) subDecor
.findViewById(R.id.decor_content_parent);
mDecorContentParent.setWindowCallback(getWindowCallback());
/**
* Propagate features to DecorContentParent
*/
if (mOverlayActionBar) {
mDecorContentParent.initFeature(FEATURE_SUPPORT_ACTION_BAR_OVERLAY);
}
if (mFeatureProgress) {
mDecorContentParent.initFeature(Window.FEATURE_PROGRESS);
}
if (mFeatureIndeterminateProgress) {
mDecorContentParent.initFeature(Window.FEATURE_INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS);
}
}
} else {
if (mOverlayActionMode) {
subDecor = (ViewGroup) inflater.inflate(
R.layout.abc_screen_simple_overlay_action_mode, null);
} else {
subDecor = (ViewGroup) inflater.inflate(R.layout.abc_screen_simple, null);
}
如果是浮动的就加载浮动的布局，如果不是就加载正常布局，从代码中可以看出这个布局是abc_screen_simple，看下这个布局中写了些什么。
<android.support.v7.widget.FitWindowsLinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/action_bar_root"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true">
<android.support.v7.widget.ViewStubCompat
android:id="@+id/action_mode_bar_stub"
android:inflatedId="@+id/action_mode_bar"
android:layout="@layout/abc_action_mode_bar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
<include layout="@layout/abc_screen_content_include" />
</android.support.v7.widget.FitWindowsLinearLayout>
abc_screen_content_include的布局如下
<merge xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<android.support.v7.widget.ContentFrameLayout
android:id="@id/action_bar_activity_content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:foregroundGravity="fill_horizontal|top"
android:foreground="?android:attr/windowContentOverlay" />
</merge>
可以看出，和Activity中的代码很相似，上面一个StubView，下面一个FrameLayout，最外面一个LinearLayout。这不过这个做了兼容而已。大体是一致的。返回去继续看setContentView()方法：
public void setContentView(int resId) {
ensureSubDecor();
ViewGroup contentParent = (ViewGroup) mSubDecor.findViewById(android.R.id.content);//拿到布局
contentParent.removeAllViews();//删除顶层ViewGroup的所有的View
LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(resId, contentParent);//用给定id的布局和contentParent加载一个布局出来
mOriginalWindowCallback.onContentChanged();//刷新界面。
}
从一张图来看下AppCompatActivity的布局设置
image
LayoutInflater
上面代码中有这么一行代码：
LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(resId, contentParent);
那他是怎么加载出来的呢？带着3个问题来看下LayoutInflater的加载布局的源码
- LayoutInflater到底怎么把xml添加到decorView?
- include 为什么不能xml资源布局的根节点？
- merge为什么作为xml资源的根节点？
跟着调用链，最终会调用到这里：从代码中可以看到先定义了一个xml解析器，然后开始解析xml布局文件。
public View inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
final Resources res = getContext().getResources();
if (DEBUG) {
Log.d(TAG, "INFLATING from resource: \"" + res.getResourceName(resource) + "\" ("
+ Integer.toHexString(resource) + ")");
}
final XmlResourceParser parser = res.getLayout(resource);
try {
return inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot);
} finally {
parser.close();
}
}
看下inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot)这个方法里面具体做了些什么
public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "inflate");
final Context inflaterContext = mContext;
final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser);
Context lastContext = (Context) mConstructorArgs[0];
mConstructorArgs[0] = inflaterContext;
View result = root;
try {
// Look for the root node.
int type;
while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG &&
type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
// Empty
}
if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
throw new InflateException(parser.getPositionDescription()
+ ": No start tag found!");
}
final String name = parser.getName();
if (DEBUG) {
System.out.println("**************************");
System.out.println("Creating root view: "
+ name);
System.out.println("**************************");
}
if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
throw new InflateException("<merge /> can be used only with a valid "
+ "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true");
}
rInflate(parser, root, inflaterContext, attrs, false);
} else {
// Temp is the root view that was found in the xml
final View temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, inflaterContext, attrs);
ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;
if (root != null) {
if (DEBUG) {
System.out.println("Creating params from root: " +
root);
}
// Create layout params that match root, if supplied
params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
if (!attachToRoot) {
// Set the layout params for temp if we are not
// attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)
temp.setLayoutParams(params);
}
}
if (DEBUG) {
System.out.println("-----> start inflating children");
}
// Inflate all children under temp against its context.
rInflateChildren(parser, temp, attrs, true);
if (DEBUG) {
System.out.println("-----> done inflating children");
}
// We are supposed to attach all the views we found (int temp)
// to root. Do that now.
if (root != null && attachToRoot) {
root.addView(temp, params);
}
// Decide whether to return the root that was passed in or the
// top view found in xml.
if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
result = temp;
}
}
} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
final InflateException ie = new InflateException(e.getMessage(), e);
ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
throw ie;
} catch (Exception e) {
final InflateException ie = new InflateException(parser.getPositionDescription()
+ ": " + e.getMessage(), e);
ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
throw ie;
} finally {
// Don't retain static reference on context.
mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
mConstructorArgs[1] = null;
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
}
return result;
}
}
先不看代码的意思，很明显能看到一个字符串throw new InflateException("<merge /> can be used only with a valid "+ "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true");能够看出merge标签只能作为根标签。上面的代码就是一层一层的解析xml中的node标签，很简单,然后调用了如下的方法进行解析：
rInflate(parser, root, inflaterContext, attrs, false);
其实这个才是我们真正解析xml的地方。
void rInflate(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, Context context,
AttributeSet attrs, boolean finishInflate) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
final int depth = parser.getDepth();
int type;
while (((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_TAG ||
parser.getDepth() > depth) && type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
continue;
}
final String name = parser.getName();
if (TAG_REQUEST_FOCUS.equals(name)) {
parseRequestFocus(parser, parent);
} else if (TAG_TAG.equals(name)) {
parseViewTag(parser, parent, attrs);
} else if (TAG_INCLUDE.equals(name)) {
if (parser.getDepth() == 0) {
throw new InflateException("<include /> cannot be the root element");
}
parseInclude(parser, context, parent, attrs);
} else if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
throw new InflateException("<merge /> must be the root element");
} else {
final View view = createViewFromTag(parent, name, context, attrs);
final ViewGroup viewGroup = (ViewGroup) parent;
final ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = viewGroup.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
rInflateChildren(parser, view, attrs, true);
viewGroup.addView(view, params);
}
}
if (finishInflate) {
parent.onFinishInflate();
}
}
依然不先看代码，很明显能看到两个字符串，<include /> cannot be the root element和<merge /> must be the root element 这不就是我们想要的答案吗？然后先解析父节点，再解析子节点。一层一层的解析下来，所以，在布局设计的时候，层级不能太多，这儿用了一个while循环来循环节点，层级太多效率会降低。看下图的inflator的加载过程。
image
小结：每一个Activity都有一个关联的window对象，用来描述应用程序的窗口。每一个窗口内部又包含了一个DecorView对象，DecorView对象用来描述窗口的视图——xml布局。
DecorView的添加到Window的过程
QQ20190225-081715@2x.png
源码比较烧脑，多看几遍就好了。。。加油！
