HttpInterceptor
顾名思义 http拦截器。在拦截器里面，我们可以统一对发出的http请求进行拦截，然后就可以开开心心的做一些"见不的人的操作"。
一个简单的栗子
import { HttpInterceptor,HttpRequest,HttpHandler,HttpEvent } from '@angular/common/http';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs';
export class MyHttpInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor {
constructor() {
}
intercept(req: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler): Observable<HttpEvent<any>> {
const newurl = req.url;
const withCredential = true;
//更改原来的请求参数，生成一个新的请求
const clone = req.clone({ url: newurl, withCredentials: withCredential });
return next.handle(clone)
}
}
实现自定义拦截器需要实现HttpInterceptor接口的intercept方法
export interface HttpInterceptor {
intercept(req: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler): Observable<HttpEvent<any>>;
}
intercept方法有两个参数
- req：发出的Http请求对象
- next：有一个
handle方法，它能返回一个Observable对象（ps：能有Observable就意味着我们可以做很多操作了）
上面的代码实现了一个简单的参数，对所有请求都设置了withCredential = true，保证跨域能带上cookie(ps:生产环境千万别这样乱来哦)
HttpInterceptor还可以做很多事情，比如说我们可以利用HttpInterceptor来对每个请求都打上日志
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { HttpInterceptor, HttpRequest, HttpHandler, HttpResponse } from '@angular/common/http';
import { finalize, tap } from 'rxjs/operators';
@Injectable()
export class LoggingInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor {
constructor() {}
intercept(req: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler) {
let status: string = '';
return next.handle(req).pipe(
tap(
event => {
if (event instanceof HttpResponse) {
status = 'succeeded';
}
},
error => status = 'failed'
),
finalize(() => {
console.log(status)
})
);
}
}
导入
Angular万物皆模块，所以HttpInterceptor当然是要导入Module里面才能生效鸭
import {HTTP_INTERCEPTORS} from '@angular/common/http';
@NgModule({
declarations: [
***
],
imports: [
***
],
providers: [
{
provide: HTTP_INTERCEPTORS,
useClass: MyHttpInterceptor,
multi: true
},
],
bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppModule { }
通过在providers里面声明自定义的拦截器就能使用了，provide、useClass、multi都是Angular依赖注入的参数，这里就不多说了。
multi设置为true的原因是因为HTTP_INTERCEPTORS是多服务TOKEN，也意味着我们可以设置多个HttpInterceptor，比如说：日志拦截器，请求修改拦截器等等。
当多个拦截器的时候，会根据声明顺序来进行执行。
providers: [
{
provide: HTTP_INTERCEPTORS,
useClass: A,
multi: true
},
{
provide: HTTP_INTERCEPTORS,
useClass: B,
multi: true
},
{
provide: HTTP_INTERCEPTORS,
useClass: C,
multi: true
},
],
Request执行的顺序是A->B->C，Response执行的顺序是C->B->A
来一段代码，这里分别是三个拦截器，分别在开始和结束的时候都打上了console语句，然后在AppModule按照相应的顺序进行定义，然后在浏览器查看log打出来的结果
@Injectable()
export class LoggingInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor {
constructor() {}
intercept(req: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler) {
let status: string = '';
console.log('this is LoggingInterceptor start')
return next.handle(req).pipe(
tap(
event => {
console.log('this is LoggingInterceptor end')
},
error => status = 'failed'
),
finalize(() => {
console.log(status)
})
);
}
}
export class CatchInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor{
constructor(){
}
intercept(req: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler): Observable<HttpEvent<any>> {
console.log('this is CatchInterceptor start')
return next.handle(req)
.pipe(
tap(
event => {
console.log('this is CatchInterceptor end')
}
),
)
}
}
export class ApiInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor{
constructor(){
}
intercept(req: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler): Observable<HttpEvent<any>> {
console.log('this is ApiInterceptor start')
const newurl = req.url;
const withCredential = true;
const clone = req.clone({ url: newurl, withCredentials: withCredential });
return next.handle(clone)
.pipe(
tap(
event => {
console.log('this is ApiInterceptor end')
}
),
)
}
}
providers: [
{
provide:HTTP_INTERCEPTORS,
useClass:ApiInterceptor,
multi:true,
},
{
provide:HTTP_INTERCEPTORS,
useClass:LoggingInterceptor,
multi:true,
},
{
provide:HTTP_INTERCEPTORS,
useClass:CatchInterceptor,
multi:true,
}
],
//这是浏览器输出的结果
this is ApiInterceptor start
this is LoggingInterceptor start
this is CatchInterceptor start
this is CatchInterceptor end
this is LoggingInterceptor end
this is ApiInterceptor end
