如图所示,做多类别分类,每个文件夹代表一个类别,所有图像均为NIFTI格式,如何加载进 MONAI 进行训练?
在这之前,我们来看看 MONAI dataset 加载方法:
MONAI dataset 的数据(image, label)输入有两种形式,一种是 array(数组), 一种是dict(字典)。
简单区分一下
以 array 形式加载数据
images = [
"IXI314-IOP-0889-T1.nii.gz",
"IXI249-Guys-1072-T1.nii.gz",
"IXI609-HH-2600-T1.nii.gz",
"IXI173-HH-1590-T1.nii.gz",
"IXI020-Guys-0700-T1.nii.gz",
]
labels = np.array([0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0], dtype=np.int64)
train_ds = ImageDataset(image_files=images, labels=labels, transform=train_transforms)
train_loader = DataLoader(train_ds, batch_size=2, shuffle=True, num_workers=2, pin_memory=torch.cuda.is_available())
从代码里很容易看到,images 和 labels 都是 array, 直接作为 ImageDataset 的参数就行。
以 dict 形式加载数据
images = [
"IXI314-IOP-0889-T1.nii.gz",
"IXI249-Guys-1072-T1.nii.gz",
"IXI609-HH-2600-T1.nii.gz",
"IXI173-HH-1590-T1.nii.gz",
"IXI020-Guys-0700-T1.nii.gz",
]
labels = np.array([0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0], dtype=np.int64)
train_files = [{"img": img, "label": label} for img, label in zip(images, labels)]
train_ds = monai.data.Dataset(data=train_files, transform=train_transforms)
train_loader = DataLoader(train_ds, batch_size=2, shuffle=True, num_workers=4, pin_memory=torch.cuda.is_available())
这里 images 和 labels 都是 array, 只不过最后会把他们打包成一个字典,使得每个样本的 image和label相对应起来。然后传给 Dataset。
所以,回到最初的问题,不管用array形式还是dict形式,我们都需要构建一个 images/labels, 其中images里面是每个image的地址,如果是分类问题,labels是每个图像的类别, 如果是分割问题,则是ground truth的地址。
进一步的问题是:如何给文件夹的每个图像定义label?
当然,这在torchvision中,有一个函数可以轻松搞定!
但是!他的缺点是不可以加载后缀为gz
的文件,但是医学图像大部分都是三维图像,后缀为nii.gz,怎么办???
我们可以借鉴他的思路,自己写一个支持 .gz
文件的不就好了。
说干就干
第一种:直接修改源代码
查看源码,它不支持 gz
的主要原因是它指定了后缀为下面这些👇
IMG_EXTENSIONS = ('.jpg', '.jpeg', '.png', '.ppm', '.bmp', '.pgm', '.tif', '.tiff', '.webp')
因为不包含gz
,所以不支持。
源码在torchvision/datasets/folder.py
那一种简单粗暴地方法就是直接修改 IMG_EXTENSIONS,在后面加一个 '.gz',就可以使用了。
使用案例:
from torchvision.datasets import ImageFolder
data_root = '/dataset'
dataset = ImageFolder(root=data_root)
classes = dataset.classes # 获得类别名称(文件夹的名字)
class_to_idx = dataset.class_to_idx # 获得类别对应的索引或标签
images_labels = dataset.imgs
images = [tup[0] for tup in images_labels] # array
labels = [tup[1] for tup in images_labels] # array
# for dict
train_files = [{'image': tup[0], 'label': tup[1]} for tup in images_labels] # dict
然后就可以传到上述两种dataset了,完美解决👍👍
但是这种方法对源代码造成了破坏,不易移植,虽然简单粗暴,但是不推荐!!
我们可以根据他的思路自己写一个
第二种:构建自己的ImageFolder
构建思路:
- step 1 获取文件夹名称作为classes,并给它标签。
def find_classes(directory: str):
"""Finds the class folders in a dataset.
"""
classes = sorted(entry.name for entry in os.scandir(directory) if entry.is_dir())
if not classes:
raise FileNotFoundError(f"Couldn't find any class folder in {directory}.")
class_to_idx = {cls_name: i for i, cls_name in enumerate(classes)}
return classes, class_to_idx
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- step 2 遍历文件夹,赋予每个图像标签
在这一步中,我们会检查每个图像的后缀。
img_label_dict = []
imgs = []
labels = []
for target_class in sorted(class_to_idx.keys()):
class_index = class_to_idx[target_class]
target_dir = os.path.join(directory, target_class)
if not os.path.isdir(target_dir):
continue
for root, _, fnames in sorted(os.walk(target_dir, followlinks=True)):
for fname in sorted(fnames):
if is_valid_file(fname): # 判断后缀是否有效
path = os.path.join(root, fname)
item = {'img': path, 'label': class_index}
img_label_dict.append(item)
imgs.append(path)
labels.append(class_index)
这是关键代码,不全。
最后贴上完整代码
import os
from typing import Any, Callable, cast, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
# 从 data 根目录自动获取不同的类别文件夹,并自动给文件夹标签
def find_classes(directory: str):
"""Finds the class folders in a dataset.
"""
classes = sorted(entry.name for entry in os.scandir(directory) if entry.is_dir())
if not classes:
raise FileNotFoundError(f"Couldn't find any class folder in {directory}.")
class_to_idx = {cls_name: i for i, cls_name in enumerate(classes)}
return classes, class_to_idx
# 检查 file 的后缀是不是在允许的扩展中
def has_file_allowed_extension(filename: str, extensions: Tuple[str, ...]) -> bool:
"""Checks if a file is an allowed extension.
Args:
filename (string): path to a file
extensions (tuple of strings): extensions to consider (lowercase)
Returns:
bool: True if the filename ends with one of given extensions
"""
return filename.lower().endswith(extensions)
# 从根目录中获取 图像的类别,以及自动为类别设置类标签,返回【图像-标签对, 类别名, 类别对应的索引等】
def make_dataset(
directory: str,
class_to_idx: Optional[Dict[str, int]] = None,
extensions: Optional[Tuple[str, ...]] = None,
is_valid_file: Optional[Callable[[str], bool]] = None,
) -> List[Tuple[str, int]]:
"""Generates a list of samples of a form (path_to_sample, class).
"""
directory = os.path.expanduser(directory)
if class_to_idx is None:
classes, class_to_idx = find_classes(directory)
elif not class_to_idx:
raise ValueError("'class_to_index' must have at least one entry to collect any samples.")
both_none = extensions is None and is_valid_file is None
both_something = extensions is not None and is_valid_file is not None
if both_none or both_something:
raise ValueError("Both extensions and is_valid_file cannot be None or not None at the same time")
if extensions is not None:
def is_valid_file(x: str) -> bool:
return has_file_allowed_extension(x, cast(Tuple[str, ...], extensions))
is_valid_file = cast(Callable[[str], bool], is_valid_file)
img_label_dict = []
imgs = []
labels = []
available_classes = set()
for target_class in sorted(class_to_idx.keys()):
class_index = class_to_idx[target_class]
target_dir = os.path.join(directory, target_class)
if not os.path.isdir(target_dir):
continue
for root, _, fnames in sorted(os.walk(target_dir, followlinks=True)):
for fname in sorted(fnames):
if is_valid_file(fname):
path = os.path.join(root, fname)
item = {'img': path, 'label': class_index}
img_label_dict.append(item)
imgs.append(path)
labels.append(class_index)
if target_class not in available_classes:
available_classes.add(target_class)
empty_classes = set(class_to_idx.keys()) - available_classes
if empty_classes:
msg = f"Found no valid file for the classes {', '.join(sorted(empty_classes))}. "
if extensions is not None:
msg += f"Supported extensions are: {', '.join(extensions)}"
raise FileNotFoundError(msg)
return img_label_dict, imgs, labels, classes, class_to_idx
if __name__ == '__main__':
data_root = 'dataset'
# classes, class_to_idx = find_classes(data_root)
# 允许的扩展名
extensions = ('.jpg', '.jpeg', '.png', '.ppm', '.bmp', '.pgm', '.tif', '.tiff', '.webp', '.gz')
img_label_dict, imgs, labels, classes, class_to_idx= make_dataset(data_root, extensions=extensions)
完结~