ImagesPipeline工作流程

• 在一个爬虫里,你抓取一个项目,把其中图片的URL放入image_urls组内。
• 项目从爬虫内返回,进入项目管道。
• 当项目进入ImagePipeline, image_urls组内的URLs将被Scrapy的调度器和下载器安排下载(这意味着调度器和中间件可以复用),当优先级更高,会在其他页面被抓取前处理. 项目会在这个特定的管道阶段保持”locker”的状态,直到完成图片的下载(或者由于某些原因未完成下载)。
• 当图片下载完, 另一个组(images)将被更新到结构中,这个组将包含一个字典列表,其中包括下载图片的信息,比如下载路径,源抓取地址(从image_urls组获得)和图片的校验码. images列表中的图片顺序将和源image_urls组保持一致.如果某个图片下载失败,将会记录下错误信息,图片也不会出现在images组中。

源码

"""
Images Pipeline

See documentation in topics/media-pipeline.rst
"""
import functools
import hashlib
import six

try:
    from cStringIO import StringIO as BytesIO
except ImportError:
    from io import BytesIO

from PIL import Image

from scrapy.utils.misc import md5sum
from scrapy.utils.python import to_bytes
from scrapy.http import Request
from scrapy.settings import Settings
from scrapy.exceptions import DropItem
#TODO: from scrapy.pipelines.media import MediaPipeline
from scrapy.pipelines.files import FileException, FilesPipeline


class NoimagesDrop(DropItem):
    """Product with no images exception"""


class ImageException(FileException):
    """General image error exception"""


class ImagesPipeline(FilesPipeline):
    """Abstract pipeline that implement the image thumbnail generation logic

    """

    MEDIA_NAME = 'image'

    # Uppercase attributes kept for backward compatibility with code that subclasses
    # ImagesPipeline. They may be overridden by settings.
    MIN_WIDTH = 0
    MIN_HEIGHT = 0
    EXPIRES = 90
    THUMBS = {}
    DEFAULT_IMAGES_URLS_FIELD = 'image_urls'
    DEFAULT_IMAGES_RESULT_FIELD = 'images'

    def __init__(self, store_uri, download_func=None, settings=None):
        super(ImagesPipeline, self).__init__(store_uri, settings=settings,
                                             download_func=download_func)

        if isinstance(settings, dict) or settings is None:
            settings = Settings(settings)

        resolve = functools.partial(self._key_for_pipe,
                                    base_class_name="ImagesPipeline",
                                    settings=settings)
        self.expires = settings.getint(
            resolve("IMAGES_EXPIRES"), self.EXPIRES
        )

        if not hasattr(self, "IMAGES_RESULT_FIELD"):
            self.IMAGES_RESULT_FIELD = self.DEFAULT_IMAGES_RESULT_FIELD
        if not hasattr(self, "IMAGES_URLS_FIELD"):
            self.IMAGES_URLS_FIELD = self.DEFAULT_IMAGES_URLS_FIELD

        self.images_urls_field = settings.get(
            resolve('IMAGES_URLS_FIELD'),
            self.IMAGES_URLS_FIELD
        )
        self.images_result_field = settings.get(
            resolve('IMAGES_RESULT_FIELD'),
            self.IMAGES_RESULT_FIELD
        )
        self.min_width = settings.getint(
            resolve('IMAGES_MIN_WIDTH'), self.MIN_WIDTH
        )
        self.min_height = settings.getint(
            resolve('IMAGES_MIN_HEIGHT'), self.MIN_HEIGHT
        )
        self.thumbs = settings.get(
            resolve('IMAGES_THUMBS'), self.THUMBS
        )

    @classmethod
    def from_settings(cls, settings):
        s3store = cls.STORE_SCHEMES['s3']
        s3store.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID = settings['AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID']
        s3store.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY = settings['AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY']
        s3store.POLICY = settings['IMAGES_STORE_S3_ACL']

        gcs_store = cls.STORE_SCHEMES['gs']
        gcs_store.GCS_PROJECT_ID = settings['GCS_PROJECT_ID']

        store_uri = settings['IMAGES_STORE']
        return cls(store_uri, settings=settings)

    def file_downloaded(self, response, request, info):
        return self.image_downloaded(response, request, info)

    def image_downloaded(self, response, request, info):
        checksum = None
        for path, image, buf in self.get_images(response, request, info):
            if checksum is None:
                buf.seek(0)
                checksum = md5sum(buf)
            width, height = image.size
            self.store.persist_file(
                path, buf, info,
                meta={'width': width, 'height': height},
                headers={'Content-Type': 'image/jpeg'})
        return checksum

    def get_images(self, response, request, info):
        path = self.file_path(request, response=response, info=info)
        orig_image = Image.open(BytesIO(response.body))

        width, height = orig_image.size
        if width < self.min_width or height < self.min_height:
            raise ImageException("Image too small (%dx%d < %dx%d)" %
                                 (width, height, self.min_width, self.min_height))

        image, buf = self.convert_image(orig_image)
        yield path, image, buf

        for thumb_id, size in six.iteritems(self.thumbs):
            thumb_path = self.thumb_path(request, thumb_id, response=response, info=info)
            thumb_image, thumb_buf = self.convert_image(image, size)
            yield thumb_path, thumb_image, thumb_buf

    def convert_image(self, image, size=None):
        if image.format == 'PNG' and image.mode == 'RGBA':
            background = Image.new('RGBA', image.size, (255, 255, 255))
            background.paste(image, image)
            image = background.convert('RGB')
        elif image.mode == 'P':
            image = image.convert("RGBA")
            background = Image.new('RGBA', image.size, (255, 255, 255))
            background.paste(image, image)
            image = background.convert('RGB')
        elif image.mode != 'RGB':
            image = image.convert('RGB')

        if size:
            image = image.copy()
            image.thumbnail(size, Image.ANTIALIAS)

        buf = BytesIO()
        image.save(buf, 'JPEG')
        return image, buf

    def get_media_requests(self, item, info):
        return [Request(x) for x in item.get(self.images_urls_field, [])]

    def item_completed(self, results, item, info):
        if isinstance(item, dict) or self.images_result_field in item.fields:
            item[self.images_result_field] = [x for ok, x in results if ok]
        return item

    def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None):
        ## start of deprecation warning block (can be removed in the future)
        def _warn():
            from scrapy.exceptions import ScrapyDeprecationWarning
            import warnings
            warnings.warn('ImagesPipeline.image_key(url) and file_key(url) methods are deprecated, '
                          'please use file_path(request, response=None, info=None) instead',
                          category=ScrapyDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=1)

        # check if called from image_key or file_key with url as first argument
        if not isinstance(request, Request):
            _warn()
            url = request
        else:
            url = request.url

        # detect if file_key() or image_key() methods have been overridden
        if not hasattr(self.file_key, '_base'):
            _warn()
            return self.file_key(url)
        elif not hasattr(self.image_key, '_base'):
            _warn()
            return self.image_key(url)
        ## end of deprecation warning block

        image_guid = hashlib.sha1(to_bytes(url)).hexdigest()  # change to request.url after deprecation
        return 'full/%s.jpg' % (image_guid)

    def thumb_path(self, request, thumb_id, response=None, info=None):
        ## start of deprecation warning block (can be removed in the future)
        def _warn():
            from scrapy.exceptions import ScrapyDeprecationWarning
            import warnings
            warnings.warn('ImagesPipeline.thumb_key(url) method is deprecated, please use '
                          'thumb_path(request, thumb_id, response=None, info=None) instead',
                          category=ScrapyDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=1)

        # check if called from thumb_key with url as first argument
        if not isinstance(request, Request):
            _warn()
            url = request
        else:
            url = request.url

        # detect if thumb_key() method has been overridden
        if not hasattr(self.thumb_key, '_base'):
            _warn()
            return self.thumb_key(url, thumb_id)
        ## end of deprecation warning block

        thumb_guid = hashlib.sha1(to_bytes(url)).hexdigest()  # change to request.url after deprecation
        return 'thumbs/%s/%s.jpg' % (thumb_id, thumb_guid)

    # deprecated
    def file_key(self, url):
        return self.image_key(url)
    file_key._base = True

    # deprecated
    def image_key(self, url):
        return self.file_path(url)
    image_key._base = True

    # deprecated
    def thumb_key(self, url, thumb_id):
        return self.thumb_path(url, thumb_id)
    thumb_key._base = True

源码中：
DEFAULT_IMAGES_URLS_FIELD = 'image_urls'
DEFAULT_IMAGES_RESULT_FIELD = 'images'
这两个默认选项，所以在item中应该用image_urls来存储待下载的图片url列表（注：要求的参数是list类型）

方法介绍

• from_settings(cls, settings)
  从settings文件中读取配置信息，例如：
  IMAGES_STORE：配置图片的下载路径

• get_media_requests(self,item, info)
  ImagePipeline根据image_urls中指定的url进行爬取，可以通过get_media_requests为每个url生成一个Request。可以重写该方法已自定义Request，比如添加header等等。

• item_completed(self, results, item, info)
  图片下载完毕后，处理结果会以二元组的方式返回给item_completed()函数。这个二元组定义如下：
  (success, image_info_or_failure)
  其中，第一个元素表示图片是否下载成功；第二个元素是一个字典。

    def item_completed(self, results, item, info):
        image_paths = [x['path'] for ok, x in results if ok]
        if not image_paths:
            raise DropItem('Image Download Failed')
        return item

• file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None)
  用于给下载的图片设置文件名称，最终名称为return的值

    def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None):
        url = request.url
        file_name = url.split('/')[-1]
        return file_name

我的测试

Spider

# coding:utf-8
import scrapy
from ..items import ImageItem


class Image(scrapy.Spider):
    name = "images"
    allowed_domains = ['cjw.gov.cn']
    start_urls = ['http://www.cjw.gov.cn/zjzx/tpzc/xwtp/28816.html']

    def parse(self, response):
        url_list = response.css("div[id='fontzoom'] img").xpath("@src").extract()
        for i in url_list:
            img = ImageItem()
            url ='http://www.cjw.gov.cn' + i
            img['image_urls'] = [url]
            yield img
            # print(url)

一定注意image_urls要是一个list类型

Item

class ImageItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    name = scrapy.Field()
    image_urls = scrapy.Field()

pipeline

class ImagePipeline(ImagesPipeline):
    def item_completed(self, results, item, info):
        image_paths = [x['path'] for ok, x in results if ok]
        if not image_paths:
            raise DropItem('Image Download Failed')
        return item

    def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None):
        url = request.url
        file_name = url.split('/')[-1]
        return file_name

setting

# 启用管道文件
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   'myScrapyProject.pipelines.ImagePipeline': 200,
}
# 配置下载路径
IMAGES_STORE = r"F:\test\image"

参考

https://blog.csdn.net/w18756901575/article/details/70238234
https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_35512245/article/details/72802184?locationNum=12&fps=1
https://blog.csdn.net/adam_wzs/article/details/78864761
https://www.oschina.net/question/2697555_2254224?sort=time