最近听说,根据刘慈欣的中篇小说《流浪地球》改编的电影定档2019年春节。
他的长篇《球状闪电》的英文版Ball Lightning也上市啦!
这部的中文版最早在2004年面市。那时候还没有《三体》三部曲横扫全世界,大刘在后记中说:
这是个雷雨之夜,当那蓝色的电光闪起时,窗外的雨珠在一瞬间看得清清楚楚。暴雨是从傍晚开始的,自那以后闪电和雷声越来越密。在一道炫目的闪电后,它在一棵大树下出现了,在空中幽幽地漂着,桔红色的光芒照出了周围的雨丝,在漂浮中,它好像还在发出埙一样的声音,约十几秒后,它消失了……
这不是科幻小说,是1981年夏季作者在河北邯郸市的一次大雷雨中的亲眼所见,地点是中华路南头,当时那里还比较僻静,向前走就是大片农田了。
他是球状闪电这一现象的目击者。但他认为比这种经历还罕见的是,他在80年代初读到了当时刚在国内出版的阿瑟·克拉克的《2001》和《与拉玛相会》,后来他在多种场合都会推荐的书目之二。
科幻作家阿瑟·克拉克
刘慈欣写道:
“这两本书确立了我的科幻理念,至今没变。”
但是就《球状闪电》而言,却略有不同。当时他认为:
创造一个在所有细节上都栩栩如生的想像世界是十分困难的,需要深刻的思想,需要在宏观和微观上都强劲有力游刃有余的想像力,需要从虚无中创生的造物主的气魄,而后面两项,恰恰是我们的文化所缺乏的。但如果我们一时还无力创造整个世界,是否能退而求其次,先创造其中的一个东西呢?这就是我写这部小说的目的。
自从目击球状闪电之后,近二十年来,我不由自主地对它产生了多种想像,这部小说描述了这些想像中的一种,不是我觉得最接近真实的那一种,而是最有趣最浪漫的那一种。它只是一个想像的创造物:一个充盈着闪电能量的弯曲的空间,一个似有似无的空泡,一个足球大小的电子。
《球状闪电》是以量子玫瑰结尾的。在慢慢深入的、越发宏大的情节推动下,显得尤为浪漫。
不少读者会觉得,这部小说的阅读体验有点像《三体3》后半部。让人不断惊呼“啊,这个后面居然还有!”
其实,《球状闪电》和《三体》有着千丝万缕的关系:《球状闪电》关键人物之一丁仪(杨冬的丈夫)在《三体》第一、二部中都有出场,在第三部也被讲述。女主角林云的名字也被提及,在丁仪欲言又止的讲述中。
一位名为D. Hodgson的读者8月23日也在亚马逊上写道:
The story feels familiar though as renegade scientists, quantum physics, military concerns and heroines figure prominently and there's even a hint of aliens (Trisolarans?) watching us from afar.
这个故事有我们熟悉因素:变节的科学家、量子物理学、军事因素和突出的女主。甚至还有来至外星人“窥视”的可能。(会是三体星人么?)
不过《三体》的英文版中少数与中文版比较有些变化的地方就是涉及《球状闪电》的,据说是大刘认为《球状闪电》英文版还没出,英语读者会一头雾水。
因为《三体》系列受到奥巴马、脸书的扎克伯格等名人的追捧,给了《球状闪电》英文版很好的出版氛围。据说,奥巴马曾在看完《三体1》后向大刘催更。
刘慈欣
《球状闪电》的英文版责编是Tor / Forge Books 的科幻名编Lindsey Hall,她说:
It's a great read for fans of The Three Body Problem as well as those who haven't yet read the trilogy. Liu Cixin has been an absolute pleasure to work with. It's an honor to be his US editor.
不管是不是《三体》的粉丝,都会觉得《球状闪电》很好看。跟大刘的合作很愉快,能成为他的英文版编辑,我感到很荣幸。
We're very open to working with more Chinese science fiction authors, and the success of The Three Body Problem has helped make that possible. For example, we're launching Chen Qiufan's Waste Tide in English in April 2019.
我们期待与更多的中国科幻作家合作,大刘《三体》的成功使这成为可能。比如明年四月我们将要出版陈楸帆的《荒潮》。
那么《球状闪电》讲述了怎样一个故事呢?一起来看简介:
On his fourteenth birthday, right before his eyes, Chen's parents are incinerated by a blast of ball lightning. Striving to make sense of this bizarre tragedy, he dedicates his life to a single goal: to unlock the secrets of this enigmatic natural phenomenon.
在14岁生日上,小陈目睹双亲被球状闪电化为灰烬的场景。之后他暗下决心,将要一辈子研究解密这个神秘的自然现象。
incinerate vt. 焚化;烧成灰
His pursuit of ball lightning will take him far from home, across mountain peaks chasing storms and deep into highly classified subterranean laboratories as he slowly unveils a new frontier in particle physics.
为了这个目标,他远离家乡,在山巅之间追逐风暴,埋头在高度机密的地下实验室。渐渐地,他开启了粒子物理学新的前沿。
Chen's obsession gives purpose to his lonely life, but it can't insulate him from the real world's interest in his discoveries.
对科学的迷恋给他孤独的生活中带来了生存的目的。但他却不能摆脱现实世界对他实验的兴趣。
He will be pitted against scientists, soldiers and governments with motives of their own: a physicist who has no place for moral judgment in his pursuit of knowledge; a beautiful army major obsessed with new ways to wage war; a desperate nation facing certain military defeat.
他将遭遇各怀目的的科学家、军人和政府。他也将遇到一个为了追求知识失去道德判断的物理学家,一个对发动战争的新方式无比痴迷的美貌军官,还有面临军事战败的绝望之国。
小说是用小陈的第一人称叙述的,很有亲近感。
从一桩瞬间与至亲生离死别的科学谜案中的少年出发,写到了虚构的位于北京郊区的新武器研究基地,再到部分“揭秘”前苏联的新武器研发,再到一位执著女性的惨痛童年,还有武器实验的现场,最终一场结局出人意料的(但很有可能真实发生的)战争的结局之后,那神奇的量子化玫瑰,出现在概率云中的量子化的早已逝去的亲人、爱人……
量子化的世界笔墨不多,但从始至终都有描述。在大刘的笔墨下,就像云天明的漫游一样,每每念及,必百感交集,久久难以排遣。
离去的人们其实以他的形态(量子态quantum state)在我们身边存在,但一旦被观看到,他就坍塌(collapse)消失不见了。他可以整理房间,可以带来飘着清香的玫瑰,但你一旦发现,就看不到他,也看不到那玫瑰。
就好比小说里有一场球状闪电的武器实验,没有任何一位已知的观察者,包括摄像头、卫星等,物体还是消失了。那就是说,应该有地球之外的其他观看者(omnipresent observer)咯。想想看!
《球状闪电》中写到了战争、武器、外星人、童年的影响等等,可思考的点很多。试读开篇中英文对照(滚动阅读):
Outside, lightning flashed dramatically.
窗外又一阵剧烈闪电。
This time, it came in through the wall, emerging like a spirit from an oil painting of a revelry of the Greek gods. It was about the size of a basketball and shone with a hazy red glow. It drifted gracefully over our heads, leaving behind a tail that gave off a dark red light. Its flight path was erratic, and its tail described a confusingly complicated figure above us. As it floated, it whistled a deep tone pierced with a sharp high whine, calling to mind a spirit blowing a flute in some ancient wasteland.
这时它来了,是穿墙进来的,它从墙上那幅希腊众神狂欢的油画旁出现,仿佛是来自画中的一个幽灵。它有篮球大小,发着朦胧的红光。它在我们的头顶上轻盈地飘动着,身后拖着一条发出暗红色光芒的尾迹,它的飞行路线变换不定,那尾迹在我们上方划出了一条令人迷惑的复杂曲线。它在飘动时发出一种啸叫,那啸叫低沉中透着尖利,让人想到在太古的荒原上,一个鬼魂在吹着埙。
Mom grabbed hold of Dad in fear with both hands, an action I have looked back on in anguish my entire life, because if she had not done that, I might now have at least one relative left alive.
妈妈惊恐地用双手抓住爸爸,我恨她这个动作恨了一辈子,如果她没有那样做,我以后可能至少还有一个亲人。
The thing continued to drift like it was looking for something that it finally found. It hung about half a meter over my father's head, and its whistle turned deeper and intermittent, like bitter laughter.
它继续飘着,仿佛在寻找着什么,终于它找到了。它悬停在爸爸头顶上半米处,啸叫声变得低沉,断断续续,仿佛是冷笑。
I could see inside the thing, into a translucent red blaze that seemed infinitely deep, a bottomless haze from which a cluster of blue stars streamed out like a star field as viewed by a spirit passing through space faster than the speed of light.
这时我可以看到它的内部,那半透明的红色辉光似乎有无限深,从那不见底的光雾的深渊中,不断地有大群蓝色的小星星飞出来,像是太空中一个以超光速飞行的灵魂所看到的星空。
Later, I learned that the internal power density was as much as 20,000 to 30,000 joules per cubic centimeter, compared to just 2,000 joules per cubic centimeter for TNT. And while its internal temperature might exceed 10,000 degrees, its surface was cool.
后来知道,它的内部能量密度高达每立方厘米两万至三万焦耳,而即使是TNT炸药的能量密度也不过是每立方厘米两千焦耳。虽然它的内部温度高达一万多度,表面却是冷凉的。
My father lifted his hand, more to protect his head than to try to touch the thing. Fully extended, his arm seemed to exert an attractive force that pulled the thing toward it like a leaf's stomata absorbs a drop of dew.
爸爸向上身手,他显然并不是去摸它,而是想护住自己的头部。当他的手伸到最高点时,似乎产生了一种吸力,把它吸到手上,就像一片树叶的细尖吸下了一滴露珠。
With a blinding flash and a deafening boom, the world around me exploded.
一道炫目的白质,一声巨响,仿佛世界在身边爆炸。
What I saw after the flash blindness lifted from my eyes would stay with me for the rest of my life. It was like someone had switched to grayscale mode in a photo editor: instantaneously, the bodies of my mom and dad had turned black and white. Or rather, gray and white, because the black was the result of shadows cast by lamplight playing off creases and folds. The color of marble. Dad's hand was still raised, and Mom still clutched at his other arm with both hands. On the faces of these two statues, there still seemed to be life in the two pairs of petrified eyes.
当眼睛因为强光造成的暗雾散去后,我看到了将伴随我一生的景象:像在图像处理软件的色彩模式中选了黑白一样,爸爸和妈妈的身体瞬间变成了黑白两色的,更确切地说是灰白色,黑色是灯光在褶皱处照出的阴影。那是一种大理石的颜色。爸爸的手仍旧向上举着,妈妈仍旧倾身用双手抓着爸爸的另一条手臂,在这两尊雕像的面容上,那两双已经实话的眼睛仍旧栩栩如生。
A strange odor was in the air, which I later learned was the smell of ozone.
空气中有一种怪异的气味,后来我知道那是臭氧的气味。
"Dad!" I shouted. No answer.
"爸!"我喊了一声。没有回答。
"Mom!" I shouted again. No answer.
"妈!"我又喊了一声。没有回答。
Approaching the two statues was the most frightening moment in my life. In the past, my terrors had mostly been in dreams, and I was able to avoid a mental breakdown in the world of my nightmares because my subconscious was still awake, shouting to my consciousness from a remote corner, "This is a dream." Now, it took that voice shouting to me with all its might to keep me moving in their direction. I reached out a trembling hand to touch my father's body, and the instant I made contact with the gray and white surface of his shoulder, it felt like I was passing through an extremely thin and extremely brittle shell. I heard a soft cracking sound, like the crackling of a glass when you pour boiling water into it in the winter. The two statues collapsed right before my eyes in a miniature avalanche.
我向那两尊雕像靠过去,这是我一生中最恐惧的时刻。我以前经历过的恐惧大多是在梦中,在噩梦的世界中我之所以没有精神崩溃,是因为我的一个下意识在梦中仍醒着,一个声音在我意识最偏远的角落对我喊:这是梦。我现在也在心里拼命地冲自己这样喊,这是支撑我走过去的惟一动力。我伸出颤抖的手,去触碰爸爸的身体,当我的手接触到他肩膀那灰白色的表面时,感觉像是穿透了一层极薄极脆的薄壳。我听到了轻微的劈啪声,像是严冬时倒入开水的玻璃杯的暴烈声,两尊雕像在我眼前坍塌下去,像一场微型的雪崩。
Two piles of white ash settled on the carpet, and that was all there was.
地毯上出现了两堆白灰,除此之外什么都没有了。
《三体》的另一位英译者
《球状闪电》小说开头写的相当漂亮,也正是这个开头,让来自美国的周华(Joel Martinsen)着迷不已。
还有那泰山之巅,北京的街景这些周华也去过的点,让现居北京的他更觉相当亲切。很早以前,他就主动试译过《球状闪电》节选。
It is my honor to be able to translate Liu Cixin’s Ball Lightning into English. The novel, my favorite by China’s most popular science fiction writer, is one that I’ve been wanting to translate since I first read it many years ago. I’m excited about tackling the challenges posed by the book’s inventive physics, and doing justice to its fast-paced story of the pursuit of a scientific obsession, says Joel Martinsen.
我一直就想翻译这一部《球状闪电》,这是我的夙愿。我为此感到很荣幸。我也很兴奋能尝试来翻译书中的具有创意的物理学,并且能尽量把这本关于一个科学执念的快节奏的书的魅力带给英语的读者。
正是因为有刘宇昆(Ken Liu)和周华这样的译者,《三体》才能走那么远。
很多人可能还没留意到,周华也是《三体2》的译者,他还开玩笑说1和3都很难,因为科学原理、元素很多,他幸运地挑到了2。刘宇昆则在《三体3》的译后记中致谢周华,感谢他带来的翻译上的启发。
刘宇昆
周华在高中时就对中文有所涉猎,大学学的是数学,从美国马里兰大学(The University of Maryland)毕业后来华,先在吉林待了3年,苦练中文。又到北京进入北师大学习。后在一个媒体咨询公司工作过。现在,只专心做翻译。
翻译完全是因为自己喜欢看就自主开始了,他阅读甚广,让人不禁超级羡慕他的中文文学阅读量。翻译的话,选择的全部是现当代的作品,他说感觉会更有接近性一点。他的译作还包括韩寒、张炜的作品,也做一些电影的字幕。
见面约在西什库附近的一家有三层楼的咖啡店,第一眼见到坐在午后阳光下窗边的是一位金发碧眼的“小哥”,觉得认错了,转身离开再确认发现就是本尊。
跟成见中的长期伏案工作的“翻译老师”印象不一样啊。
周华 Alice Xin Liu摄
他穿着有品味的格子裤,我花了很久也没习惯周华老师年近不惑。难道真是如同大刘某次说过的,科幻让人年轻?
想起某网络论坛上,时有大刘本人出没。有一次网友问《三体2》的翻译靠谱不,大刘出现了,答:
很靠谱,Joel Martinsen中文十分好,普通话说的比我标准,且工作认真,十分敬业,《黑暗森林》英文版的修改多达一千多处。此人唯一的缺点是:请他吃饭只去素菜馆。
实际上周华也上这个论坛的,而且很早以前就开始了。作为译者,时常登陆观看自己的作者会出没的网络BBS的,一定是真爱。
周华
周华也管刘慈欣叫大刘。
尽管学数学出身,他也发现在翻译科学术语和相关描述中会略有吃力感。有些表达得查阅到源头,再翻到能让英语读者理解的语言中。
《三体》翻译之难
在罗辑的带领下,《三体2》让我们看到关于未来的描绘,比如关于人类未来可能使用的语言(“昔日最通用的英语和使用人数最多的汉语将相互融合,不分彼此”),居住、出行的方式等等。
还有《三体3》中最近热议中的“女性化”的男性在未来出现:
“她(他)们面容白嫩姣好,长发披肩,身材苗条柔软,仿佛骨头都是香蕉做的,举止是那么的优雅轻柔,说话声音随着微风传过来,细软而甜美……”
关于未来的思考,我认为这就是科幻的力量。
而大刘多样多视角的讲述方式,囊括历史的、童话的、从高维文明视角的,等等,文学技法都非常纯熟。所以他说,他的下一部作品应该还是长篇。
大刘8月底在北京的一个讲座中说,快速变化的时代给了科幻小说必需的“未来感”,但却也给科幻小说带来致命的打击:
我们现在这个时代至少在中国,正处于一个快速的现代化进程之中,我们的生活的最大的特点就是充满着变化,充满着未来感。未来感很重要,因为在我们30年前、40年前,我们的未来感并不是太强,因为那个时候生活的变化没有现在这么大。所以未来感它本身就是科幻小说成长的一个肥沃的土壤,这是一方面。
但是另一方面这个局势对科幻小说来说也是不乐观的,既然我们已经生活在科幻小说里了,还看什么科幻小说。在美国的三四十年代到六十年代,科幻小说的繁荣是和当时科学的神奇感是分不开的。但是现在科学技术已经渗透到了我们生活的方方面面,科学神奇感的消失,对科幻小说的打击是致命的,注意我这两个字:致命。
他还分享了科幻小说写作的思想方式,说这是一种“未来学家的思想方式”:
我们写科幻小说人的思想方式跟一般的写物体不一样。写科幻小说人的思想方式不是预测的思想方式,是未来学家的思想方式,我们的思想方式是排列的思想方式,我们的倾向是把各种各样的未来都排列出来,用文学表现出来,至于所有未来里面哪个会成为真的,哪个会变为现实,那不是我们关心的,也不是我们有能力去预测的。
这种写作的思维自然给翻译增加了不少难度。我们一起来品读一下周华的《三体2》译文选段,看看“智子”、“水滴”用英语怎么说:
五年以后。
Five Years Later
罗辑一家远远就看到了引力波天线,但车行驶了半小时才到达它旁边,这时,他们才真正感受到它的巨大。天线是一个横放的圆柱体,有一千五百米长,直径五十多米,整体悬浮在距地面两米左右的位置。它的表面也是光洁的镜面,一半映着天空,一半映着华北平原。它让人想起几样东西:三体世界的巨摆、低维展开的智子、水滴。这种镜面物体反映了三体世界的某种至今也很难为人类所理解的观念,用他们的一句名言来讲就是:通过忠实地映射宇宙来隐藏自我,是融入永恒的唯一途径。
Luo Ji and his family could see the gravitational-wave antenna in the distance, but it was still another half-hour drive away. Only when they arrived did they get a real sense of its enormous size. The antenna, a horizontal cylinder a kilometer and a half long and fifty meters in diameter, was entirely suspended about two meters off the ground. Its surface was mirror-smooth, half of its reflecting the sky and half the northern China plain. It reminded people of a few things: the giant pendulums of the Three Body world, thesophons’ lower-dimensional unfoldings, and the droplet. The mirrored object reflected a Trisolaran concept that humanity was still trying to figure out. In the words of a well-known Trisolaran saying, “Hiding the self through a faithful mapping of the universe is the only path into eternity.”
下面这段,我们来看看周华的科学翻译功底:
罗辑抬起左手,露出了戴在手腕上的手表大小的东西说:“这是一个生命体征监测仪,它通过一个发射器与一套摇篮系统联结。你们一定记得两个世纪前面壁者雷迪亚兹的事,那就一定知道摇篮系统是什么。这个监测仪所发出的信号通过摇篮系统的链路,到达雪地工程部署在太阳轨道上的三千六百一十四枚核弹。”
Luo Ji raised his left hand, revealing an object on his wrist the size of a watch. “This is a vital signs monitor linked through a transmitter to a cradle system. You remember Wallfacer Rey Diaz from two centuries ago, so you certainly know about cradle systems. The signal sent from this monitor travels the links of the cradle systems to the Snow Project’s 3,614 bombs deployed in solar orbit.
“信号每秒钟发射一次,维持着这些核弹的非触发状态。如果我死去,摇篮系统的维持信号将消失,所有的核弹将被引爆,包裹核弹的油膜物质将在爆炸中形成围绕太阳的三千六百一十四团星际尘埃,从远方观察,在这些尘埃云团的遮挡下,太阳将在可见光和其他高频波段发生闪烁。”
The signal is sent once every second to maintain the bombs in a non-triggered state. If I die, the system’s maintenance signal will vanish and all of the bombs will detonate, turning the oil film surrounding the bombs into 3,614 interstellar dust clouds ringing the sun. From a distance, the sun’s visible light and other high-frequency bands will appear to flicker through the dust cloud coverage.
大刘在《三体》的英文版的后记中说:
做为一个科幻迷出身的科幻作家,我写科幻小说的目的不是用它来隐喻和批判现实,我感觉科幻小说的最大魅力,就是创造出众多的现实之外的想象世界。
As a science fiction writer who began as a fan, I do not use my fiction as a disguised way to criticize the reality of the present. I feel that the greatest appeal of science fiction is the creation of numerous imaginary worlds outside of reality.
大刘对现在年轻一代的幻想能力赞不绝口。
现在,科幻的高峰已巍然屹立,那科幻的高原是否会在有着“新四大发明”的中国隆起?还是大刘火了,大家都热衷于披上科幻的外皮来讲故事?且听风吟……
你期待哪部大刘作品改编为电影,欢迎留言