概述
我相信只要写过JAVA的程序要拿99%的都用过HashMap, 其是我们最常用，也是最基础的一个Ｍap.本篇文章将从存储结构、hash规则、扩容策略、迭代器四方面来分析其源代码。
扩容策略
从HashMap的存储结构来讲，由于有链表，所以可以存储无限个元素，但是链表越长
hash冲突就越多,查询效率越低，所以需要对数组进行扩容和rehash.
put(key, value)方法如下:
public V put(K key, V value) {
if (table == EMPTY_TABLE) {
inflateTable(threshold);
}
if (key == null)
return putForNullKey(value);
int hash = hash(key);
int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
Object k;
if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {
V oldValue = e.value;
e.value = value;
e.recordAccess(this);
return oldValue;
}
}
modCount++;
addEntry(hash, key, value, i);
return null;
}
当table是空数组的时候，需要首先调用inflateTable(threshold)初始话素组的大小,其代码如下:
private void inflateTable(int toSize) {
// Find a power of 2 >= toSize
int capacity = roundUpToPowerOf2(toSize);
threshold = (int) Math.min(capacity * loadFactor, MAXIMUM_CAPACITY + 1);
table = new Entry[capacity];
initHashSeedAsNeeded(capacity);
}
当不为空的时候，调用 addEntry(hash, key, value, i):
void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
if ((size >= threshold) && (null != table[bucketIndex])) {
resize(2 * table.length);
hash = (null != key) ? hash(key) : 0;
bucketIndex = indexFor(hash, table.length);
}
createEntry(hash, key, value, bucketIndex);
}
条件(size >= threshold) && (null != table[bucketIndex])和2*table.length就是扩容规则:
1:当元素个数大于阈值(一般是table.lengthx0.75),并且table[index]不为空时，扩容，为什么要不为空时？为空的时候说明table的槽还没有用完，hash冲突严重。
2:将数组扩大到原来的２倍.
resize()函数:
void resize(int newCapacity) {
Entry[] oldTable = table;
int oldCapacity = oldTable.length;
if (oldCapacity == MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
return;
}
Entry[] newTable = new Entry[newCapacity];
transfer(newTable, initHashSeedAsNeeded(newCapacity));
table = newTable;
threshold = (int)Math.min(newCapacity * loadFactor, MAXIMUM_CAPACITY + 1);
}
transfer()如下:
void transfer(Entry[] newTable, boolean rehash) {
int newCapacity = newTable.length;
for (Entry<K,V> e : table) {
while(null != e) {
Entry<K,V> next = e.next;
if (rehash) {
e.hash = null == e.key ? 0 : hash(e.key);
}
int i = indexFor(e.hash, newCapacity);
e.next = newTable[i];
newTable[i] = e;
e = next;
}
}
}
