监听器模式有三个要素——事件源、事件对象、监听器。
事件源:顾名思义,事件发生的源头,比如点击的按钮,属于被监听的对象;
事件对象:这个经常和事件源混淆,它经常被用来包装事件源,切记,它毕竟是个事件,比如点击事件,和事件源的区别自己感受,木有栗子;
监听器:这个是监听器模式的核心,定义事件发生后的动作,通常事件对象作为监听器中定义的函数入参。
下面举个简单的栗子:
故事背景是,小明是个不讲卫生的孩子,他妈妈很担心他的健康,规定必须饭前洗手。
定义一个熊孩子。熊孩子就是被监听的对象,是事件源,一切事件都是事件源发出,这似乎是句废话。
public class Child {
private String name;
private RemindListener remindListener;
public Child(String name){
this.name = name;
}
public void eat() {
if(null!=remindListener){
remindListener.remind(new RemindWashingHandsEvent(this));
}
System.out.println("Child eat...");
}
public void addListener(RemindListener listener){
remindListener = listener;
}
}
接下来是看看事件对象,事件对象正如上面所述,包装了事件源。我们在这里定义一个饭前洗手事件。
public class RemindWashingHandsEvent {
private Child child;
public RemindWashingHandsEvent(Child child){
this.child = child;
}
}
事件对象定义了事件的属性、状态。
紧接着是定义事件发生后,监听器的动作,在这里是提醒洗手。
public class RemindListener {
public void remind(RemindWashingHandsEvent remindWashingHandsEvent){
System.out.println("listen to mom, washing hands before eating...");
}
}
注意,监听器主要封装了动作,仅此而已。
以上代码,只是为了说明监听器模式原理,代码通俗,不太优雅。
下面继承或实现java标准库,又随手写了一对代码,夜深了,有时间再解释。
public class Kid{
private String name;
private List<Listener> liteners;
public Kid(String name) {
this.name = name;
this.liteners = Lists.newArrayList();
}
public void eat(){
for(Listener listener:liteners){
if(listener instanceof WashingHandsListener){
WashingHandsListener washingHandsListener = (WashingHandsListener) listener;
washingHandsListener.fireAfterEventInvoked(new WashingHandsEvent(this,"洗手"));
}
}
System.out.println("吃饭...");
}
public void addListener(Listener listener){
liteners.add(listener);
}
}
public class Event extends EventObject {
/**
* Constructs a prototypical Event.
*
* @param source The object on which the Event initially occurred.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if source is null.
*/
public Event(Object source) {
super(source);
}
}
public class WashingHandsEvent extends Event{
private String eventName;
/**
* Constructs a prototypical Event.
*
* @param source The object on which the Event initially occurred.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if source is null.
*/
public WashingHandsEvent(Object source,String eventName) {
super(source);
this.eventName = eventName;
}
public String getEventName() {
return eventName;
}
public void setEventName(String eventName) {
this.eventName = eventName;
}
}
public interface Listener extends java.util.EventListener{
public void fireAfterEventInvoked(Event event);
}
public class WashingHandsListener implements Listener{
@Override
public void fireAfterEventInvoked(Event event) {
WashingHandsEvent washingHandsEvent = (WashingHandsEvent) event;
System.out.println("饭前准备"+ washingHandsEvent.getEventName());
}
}
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Kid xiaoming = new Kid("xiaoming");
xiaoming.addListener(new WashingHandsListener());
xiaoming.eat();
}
}
输出结果: