1.turbine/ˈtɜːbɪn, -baɪn/CET6+ TEM8( turbines )
1.N-COUNTAturbineis a machine or engine which uses a stream of air, gas, water, or steam to turn a wheel and produce power. 涡轮机
例：The new ship will be powered by two gas turbines and four diesel engines.
那艘新轮船将由2台燃气涡轮机和4台柴油机驱动
2.manure/məˈnjʊə/TEM8( manures )
1.N-MASSManureis animal faeces, sometimes mixed with chemicals, that is spread on the ground in order to make plants grow healthy and strong. 肥料
例：...bags of manure.
…一袋袋的肥料。
3.all told
adv.with everything included or counted 同义词：altogetherin all
4.handsomely[ 'hænsəmli ]
adv.in an attractively handsome manner
"the volume was handsomely bound"
in a generously handsome manner
"India has responded handsomely by providing 3,000 men"
5.subsidy/ˈsʌbsɪdɪ/CET6 TEM4( subsidies )
1.N-COUNTAsubsidyis money that is paid by a government or other authority in order to help an industry or business, or to pay for a public service. 补贴金
例：European farmers are planning a massive demonstration against farm subsidy cuts.
欧洲的农场主们正在策划一场反对削减农场补贴的大游行。
6.surplus/ˈsɜːpləs/CET4 TEM4( surpluses )
1.N-VARIf there is asurplusofsomething, there is more than is needed. 过剩
例：...countries where there is a surplus of labour.
…劳动力过剩的国家。
2.ADJSurplusis used to describe something that is extra or that is more than is needed. 过剩的; 多余的
例：Few people have large sums of surplus cash.
几乎没人有大笔的闲钱。
例：I sell my surplus birds to a local pet shop.
我把我多余的鸟卖给一家当地的宠物店。
3.N-COUNTIf a country has a tradesurplus, it exports more than it imports. 顺差
例：Japan's annual trade surplus is in the region of 100 billion dollars.
日本每年的贸易顺差约有一千亿美元。
4.N-COUNTIf a government has a budgetsurplus, it has spent less than it received in taxes. 盈余
例：Norway's budget surplus has fallen from 5.9% in 1986 to an expected 0.1% this year.
挪威的预算盈余已从1986年的5.9%下降到今年预计的0.1%。
7.anathema/əˈnæθəmə/
1.N-UNCOUNTIf something isanathematoyou, you strongly dislike it. 令人非常厌恶的事[usu N 'to' n]
例：Violence was anathema to them.
暴力是他们非常厌恶的事
8.utility/juːˈtɪlɪtɪ/CET4 TEM4( utilities )
1.N-COUNTAutilityis an important service such as water, electricity, or gas that is provided for everyone, and that everyone pays for. 公用事业
例：...public utilities such as gas, electricity and phones.
…煤气、电和电话等公用事业。
9.incumbent/ɪnˈkʌmbənt/CET6+ TEM8( incumbents )
1.N-COUNTAnincumbentis someone who holds an official post at a particular time. 在职者[正式]
例：
In general, incumbents have a 94 percent chance of being re-elected.
一般情况下，现任官员有94%的几率会再次当选。
2.ADJIncumbentis also an adjective. 在职的[ADJ n]
例：...the only candidate who defeated an incumbent senator.
…惟一击败了现任参议员的候选人。
3.ADJIf it is incumbent on or upon you to do something, it is your duty or responsibility to do it. 有责任履行的[正式]
例：She felt it was incumbent on herself to act immediately.
她感到立即采取行动是她义不容辞的责任。
10.decarbonise无碳发电
11.disruptive/dɪsˈrʌptɪv/
1.ADJTo be disruptive means to prevent something from continuing or operating in a normal way. 妨碍的; 扰乱的
例：Alcohol can produce violent, disruptive behaviour.
酒能促成暴力的和破坏性的行为。
12.reasonably[ 'ri:znəbli ]
adv.to a moderately sufficient extent or degree
"the shoes are priced reasonably"
同义词：moderatelywithin reasonsomewhatfairlymiddlingpassably
with good sense or in a reasonable or intelligent manner
"acted quite reasonably"
13.to date
adv.prior to the present time
14.emission-trading排污权交易
排污权交易的概念排污权交易（Emission Trading）是指在一定区域内，基于总量控制的前提， 各污染源之间通过市场手段进行排放权利的交易，从而控制污染物的排放。
15.scheme/skiːm/CET4 TEM4( scheming, schemed, schemes )
1.N-COUNTA scheme is someone's plan for achieving something, especially something that will bring them some benefit. 计划
例：...a quick money-making scheme to get us through the summer.
…一个能让我们迅速赚到钱以顺利度过这个夏季的计划。
例：They would first have to work out some scheme for getting the treasure out.
他们首先得想出某种计划把珍宝取出来。
2.V-T/V-IIf you say that people are scheming, you mean that they are making secret plans in order to gain something for themselves. 密谋[oft cont][表不满]
例：Everyone's always scheming and plotting.
每个人时刻都在算计和谋划。
例：The bride's family were scheming to prevent a wedding.
新娘的家人在密谋阻止婚礼。
3.N-COUNTA scheme is a plan or arrangement involving many people which is made by a government or other organization. (政府或其他机构的) 大规模计划[英国英语]
例：...a private pension scheme.
…一个私人养老金计划。
4.PHRASEWhen people talk aboutthe scheme of things or the grand scheme of things, they are referring to the way that everything in the world seems to be organized. 天地万物的格局
例：We realize that we are infinitely small within the scheme of things.
我们认识到在大千世界中我们是极其渺小的。
16.revenue neutral
(改革税制)使税收增减为零
Neutral 中立的
17.perennial 1 adj / pə'reniəl ; pəˋrɛnɪəl /
英 / pə'reniəl /
1continuing or existing for a long time, or happening again and again 持续的；长久的；反复出现的
Lack of resources has been a perennial problem since the beginning.
财力不足从最初起就一直是个问题。
Teddy bears are a perennial favorite with children.
泰迪熊一直受到孩子们的喜爱。
2.a plant that is perennial lives for more than two years 〔植物〕多年生的
→ annual
18. Economy -wide
经济范围内
19.rebate TEM8
名词读作ˈriːbeɪt。动词读作rɪˈbeɪt。
1.N-COUNT A rebate is an amount of money which is returned to you after you have paid for goods or services or after you have paid tax or rent. (支付后的) 退款; (税金或租金的) 返还部分
Citicorp will guarantee its credit card customers a rebate on a number of products.
花旗银行将保证其信用卡用户在一些商品上得到退款。
2.V to deduct (a part) of a payment from (the total) (从总支付款中部分)扣除
20.glut n [C usually singular 一般用单数] / ɡlʌt ; glʌt /
英 / ɡlʌt /
1.a supply of something, especially a product or crop, that is more than is needed 供应过剩
OPP shortage
[+ of ]
a glut of oil on the world market
国际市场石油供过于求
glut 2 v [T]
英( past tense and past participle glutted , present participle glutting )
1.to cause something to have too much of something 使供应过剩，充斥
the glutted property market
已经饱和的房地产市场
21.shale-gas页岩气
22.stark 1 adj / stɑːk ; stɑrk /
英 / stɑːk /
1.very plain in appearance, with little or no colour or decoration 〔外表〕简陋的；无修饰的，荒凉的
In the cold dawn light, the castle looked stark and forbidding.
在寒冷的曙光中，城堡看上去了无生气，令人生畏。
the stark beauty of New Mexico
新墨西哥州的荒凉之美
2.unpleasantly clear and impossible to avoid 明摆着的；严酷的
SYN harsh
The movie shows the stark realities of life in the ghetto.
这部影片展示了贫民区生活的严酷现实。
The extreme poverty of the local people is in stark contrast to the wealth of the tourists.
当地居民的极度贫困和游客的富裕形成鲜明的对比。
We are faced with a stark choice .
我们面临残酷的选择。
stark 2 adv
英
1.stark naked
not wearing any clothes at all 一丝不挂的，赤裸裸的
Ben was standing there stark naked.
本一丝不挂地站在那里。
2.stark raving mad/bonkers ( also 又作 stark staring mad BrE 【英】 )
completely crazy 完全疯了的
He’s gone stark raving mad.
他已经完全疯了。
23.slump from ....to...
slump 1 v [I] / slʌmp ; slʌmp /
英 / slʌmp /
1.to fall or lean against something because you are not strong enough to stand 〔因无力站立而〕倒下，倚，靠
[+ against/over/back etc ]
She slumped against the wall.
她身子一歪倚在了墙上。
Carol slumped back in her chair, defeated.
卡萝尔颓然倒在椅子上。
Ben staggered and slumped onto the floor.
本踉跄着栽倒在地板上。
2.to suddenly go down in price, value, or number 〔价格、价值或数量〕暴跌，骤降
OPP soar
Sales slumped by 20% last year.
去年销售额骤减 20%。
[+ to ]
The currency slumped to a record low.
币值跌到了历史低点。
3.( also 又作 be slumped )
if your shoulders or head slump or are slumped, they bend forward because you are unhappy, tired, or unconscious 〔肩或脑袋〕耷拉着〔由于不开心、疲倦或失去知觉〕
Her shoulders slumped and her eyes filled with tears.
她耷拉着双肩，眼里噙满泪水。
slump 2 n [C usually singular 一般用单数]
英
1.a sudden decrease in prices, sales, profits etc 〔价格、销售额、利润等的〕突然下跌
[+ in ]
a slump in car sales
汽车销售量的骤降
2.a period when there is a reduction in business and many people lose their jobs 〔经济的〕不景气，萧条
OPP boom
The war was followed by an economic slump.
战后出现了经济萧条。
a worldwide slump
全球性的经济萧条
3.a period when a player or team does not play well 〔运动员或运动队的〕低迷期
in a slump
The Dodgers have been in a slump for the last three weeks.
道奇队在过去三周里一直处于低迷期。
24.havoc n [U] / 'hævək ; ˋhævək /
英 / 'hævək /
1.a situation in which there is a lot of damage or a lack of order, especially so that it is difficult for something to continue in the normal way 灾难；混乱
SYN chaos
policies that would wreak havoc on the country’s economy
会危害该国经济的政策
Rain has continued to play havoc with sporting events.
下雨一直影响着体育比赛的进行。
cause/create havoc
A strike will cause havoc for commuters.
罢工将给乘车上下班的人造成混乱。
25.indebtedin‧debt‧ed adj / ɪn'detɪd ɪn'detəd ; ɪnˋdɛtɪd /
英 / ɪn'detɪd /
1.be (deeply/greatly) indebted to sb
to be very grateful to someone for the help they have given you 对某人(十分)感激
We are deeply indebted to Dr Alien.
我们非常感谢阿利安博士。
2.owing money to someone 负债的
the 17 most heavily indebted nations
17个负债最重的国家
25.write off
(writing, wrote, written, writes)
1.PHRASAL VERB If someone writes off a debt or an amount of money that has been spent on a project, they accept that they are never going to get the money back. 勾销 (债款等)
It was the president who persuaded the West to write off Polish debts.
是总统说服西方国家勾销波兰债务的。
2.PHRASAL VERB If you write someone or something off, you decide that they are unimportant or useless and that they are not worth further serious attention. 摒弃
He is fed up with people writing him off because of his age.
他受够了人们因其年龄而摒弃他。
His critics write him off as too cautious to succeed.
评论他的人认为他不值得重视，说他太谨慎以致难以成功。
3.PHRASAL VERB If you write off a plan or project, you accept that it is not going to be successful and do not continue with it. 放弃 (计划或项目等)
We decided to write off the rest of the day and go shopping.
我们决定放弃那天余下的时间而去购物。
26.deployment / di:'plɔimənt /
n.1.【军事】
2.(部队的)展开
3.(让航空部队在国外基地驻守向海上)出动舰队
27.shift to 转入
28.marginal adj AC / 'mɑːdʒɪn ə l 'mɑːdʒən ə l ; ˋmɑrdʒɪnḷ /
英 / 'mɑːdʒɪn ə l /
1.a marginal change or difference is too small to be important 小的，微不足道的，不重要的
OPP significant
a marginal increase in the unemployment figures
失业人数的小幅增加
a marginal improvement in profits
利润的小幅提高
2.relating to a change in cost, value etc when one more thing is produced, one more dollar is earned etc technical 边际的
marginal revenue
边际收益
3.marginal seat/constituency
a seat in a parliament or similar institution, which can be won or lost by a small number of votes 〔议会或类似机构中以少量票数分胜负的〕边缘席位/选区
29.deregulated
英 [ˌdi:ˈregjuleɪt]美 [diˈrɛɡjəˌlet]
vt.解除管制；vi.解除控制；
变形过去式：deregulated过去分词：deregulated现在分词：deregulating第三人称单数：
例：...the need to deregulate the U.S. airline industry.
…解除对美国航空业管制的需要
30.merit
The merit order is a way of ranking available sources of energy, especially electrical generation, in ascending order of their short-run marginal costs of production, so that those with the lowest marginal costs are the first ones to be brought online to meet demand, and the plants with the highest marginal costs are the last to be brought on line.
31.at first blush
乍一看；乍一想；经初步考虑；据初步印象
事先无准备地，即席地
32.intermittent
intermittent/ˌɪntəˈmɪtənt/CET6 TEM8
1.ADJSomething that isintermittenthappens occasionally rather than continuously. 断断续续的
例：After three hours of intermittent rain, the game was abandoned.
雨断断续续地下了3个小时之后，比赛被取消了。
2.intermittentlyADV断断续续地
例：The talks went on intermittently for three years.
会谈断断续续地进行了3年。
33.in practice事实上，实际上
34.hydroelectric/ˌhaɪdrəʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/(also hydro-electric)TEM8
1.ADJHydroelectricmeans relating to or involving electricity made from the energy of running water. 水力发电的[ADJ n]
35.reach out to
把手伸向，接触meet,come in contact with
1.They havetoreachouttothe masses, while maintaining their core skating image.
2.It now has a membership of 100 universities, through which it canreachoutto5 million students.
UNESCO:Open Educational Resources
3."Ray did a lot of worktoreachouttothe people being considered, " Wohl said.
36. in the doldrums
doldrums/ˈdɒldrəmz/TEM8
1.PHRASEIf an activity or situation isin the doldrums, it is very quiet and nothing new or exciting is happening. 无生气的
例：The economy is in the doldrums.
经济毫无生气。
37.constrainkənˈstreɪn/CET6 TEM8( constraining, constrained, constrains )
1.V-TToconstrainsomeone or something means to limit their development or force them to behave in a particular way. 限制; 迫使[正式]
例：Women are too often constrained by family commitments and by low expectations.
女性往往受家庭职责及低期望值约束。
同近义词析vt. 驱使；强迫；束缚chain,bound,force,provoke,enforce
38cover peaks in demand覆盖需求高峰
peaks
peak/piːk/CET4 TEM4( peaking, peaked, peaks )
1.N-COUNTThepeakof a process or an activity is the point at which it is at its strongest, most successful, or most fully developed. (过程、活动的) 顶峰
例：The firm has slashed its workforce from a peak of 150,000 in 2000.
2000年那家公司把其员工从15万峰值进行了大幅裁减。
例：...a flourishing career that was at its peak at the time of his death.
…在他去世时处于鼎盛时期的兴旺事业。
2.V-IWhen somethingpeaks, it reaches its highest value or its highest level. 达到峰值
例Temperatures have peaked at over 90 degrees.
温度已达到峰值，超过了90度。
3.ADJThepeaklevel or value of something is its highest level or value. 峰值的[ADJ n]
例：Today's price is 59% lower than the peak level of $1.5 million.
今天的价格比150万美元的峰值水平低了59%。
4.ADJPeaktimes are the times when there is most demand for something or most use of something. 高峰的 (时期)[ADJ n]
例：It's always crowded at peak times.
在高峰期总是很拥挤。
5.N-COUNTApeakis a mountain or the top of a mountain. 山峰
例：...the snow-covered peaks.
…白雪覆盖的山峰。
6.N-COUNTThepeakof a cap is the part at the front that sticks out over your eyes. 帽檐[英国英语]
例：His eyes were shaded by the peak of his cap.
他的眼睛被帽檐遮住。
39.cling /klɪŋ/CET4 TEM4( clinging, clung, clings )
1.V-IIf youclingtosomeone or something, you hold onto them tightly. 紧紧抓住
例：Another man was rescued as he clung to the riverbank.
另一个男人因为紧紧抓住了河堤而被救了。
例：She had to cling onto the door handle until the pain passed.
她不得不紧紧抓住门的把手，直到疼痛消失为止。
2.V-IIf someoneclingstoa position or a possession they have, they do everything they can to keep it even though this may be very difficult. 固守
例：Instead, he appears determined to cling to power.
反而，他看来坚决要握紧权力不放。
例：Another congressman clung on with a majority of only 18.
另一位国会议员在获得仅仅18张多数票的情况下保住了位子。
40.diesel/ˈdiːzəl/CET6+ TEM4( diesels )
1.N-MASSDieselordiesel oilis the heavy fuel used in a diesel engine. 柴油
2.N-COUNTAdieselis a vehicle which has a diesel engine. 柴油车
例：I keep hearing that diesels are better now than ever before.
我总听说现在的柴油车比以往的都好。
41.dulldʌl/CET4 TEM4( dulling, dulled, duller, dulls, dullest )
1.ADJIf you describe someone or something asdull, you mean they are not interesting or exciting. 沉闷的; 乏味的[表不满]
例：I felt she found me boring and dull.
我觉得她认为我令人厌烦而又乏味。
2.dullnessN-UNCOUNT沉闷; 乏味
例：They enjoy anything that breaks the dullness of their routine life.
他们喜爱能打破他们规律生活的沉闷的任何事情。
3.ADJSomeone or something that isdullis not very lively or energetic. 无精打采的; 无生气的
例：The body's natural rhythms mean we all feel dull and sleepy between 1 and 3 pm.
身体的自然节律造成我们在下午1点至3点间都会感到无精打采、昏昏欲睡。
4.dullyADV无精打采地; 了无生气地[ADV after v]
例：His giant face had a rough growth of stubble, his eyes looked dully ahead.
他宽大的脸庞上长着粗硬的胡子茬，眼睛黯然无神地看着前方。
5.ADJAdullcolour or light is not bright. 黯淡的
例：The stamp was a dark, dull blue colour with a heavy black postmark.
这枚邮票是模糊的暗蓝色的，上面盖着一个粗黑色的邮戳。
6.dullyADV黯淡地[ADV with v]
例：The street lamps gleamed dully through the night's mist.
街灯透过夜的薄雾隐约地闪现。
7.ADJYou say the weather isdullwhen it is very cloudy. (天气) 阴沉的
例：It's always dull and raining.
天老是阴沉沉的，下着雨。
8.ADJDullsounds are not very clear or loud. 低沉而模糊的
例：The coffin closed with a dull thud.
随着一声沉闷地撞击声，棺材合上了。
9.dullyADV低沉而模糊地[ADV after v]
例：He heard his heart thump dully but more quickly.
他听见他的心跳低沉但却更急速。
10.ADJDullfeelings are weak and not intense. 微弱的[ADJ n]
例：The pain, usually a dull ache, gets worse with exercise.
这种疼痛，通常是隐隐作痛，运动时会加剧。
11.dullyADV微弱地
例：His arm throbbed dully.
他的手臂微微地颤动。
12.V-T/V-IIf somethingdullsor if itis dulled, it becomes less intense, bright, or lively. 使…变弱/变暗/变得无生气; 变弱/变暗/变得无生气
例：Her eyes dulled and she gazed blankly.
她双目变得黯然无神，茫然凝神。
42.insulate
insulate/ˈɪnsjʊˌleɪt/CET6 TEM8( insulating, insulated, insulates )
1.V-TToinsulatesomething such as a building means to protect it from cold, heat, or noise by placing a layer of other material around it or inside it. 使隔 (冷) 热; 使隔音
例：
People should insulate their homes to conserve energy.
人们应该使住房隔冷以保存能量。
例：Is there any way we can insulate our home from the noise?
有什么办法能使我们家隔音吗？
2.V-TIf a piece of equipmentis insulated, it is covered with rubber or plastic to prevent electricity from passing through it and giving the person using it an electric shock. 使绝缘
例：In order to make it safe, the element is electrically insulated.
为安全起见，该元件做了绝缘处理。
3.V-TIf a person or groupis insulatedfromthe rest of society or from outside influences, they are protected from them. 使隔离
例：They wonder if their community is no longer insulated from big city problems.
他们想知道他们的社区是否不再与那些大城市的问题隔离。
4.insulation N-UNCOUNT 隔绝
例：They lived in happy insulation from brutal facts.
他们生活在幸福中，与残酷事实相隔绝。
43.drag down
1.Vto depress or demoralize 使沮丧
例：the flu really dragged her down
44.vicious/ˈvɪʃəs/CET6 TEM4
1.ADJAviciousperson or aviciousblow is violent and cruel. 凶残的
例：He was a cruel and vicious man.
他是一个残忍而凶恶的人。
例：He suffered a vicious attack by a gang of white youths.
他遭到了一帮白人青年凶残的攻击。
2.viciouslyADV凶残地
例：She had been viciously attacked with a hammer.
她曾被人用锤子凶残地袭击过。
3.ADJAviciousremark is cruel and intended to upset someone. 恶毒的
例：It is a deliberate, nasty and vicious attack on a young man's character.
这是对一位青年的人格蓄意的、下流的和恶毒的攻击。
4.viciouslyADV恶毒地[ADV with v]
例："He deserved to die," said Penelope viciously.
“他该死，” 佩内洛普恶毒地说道。
45.foster/ˈfɒstə/CET6 TEM4( fostering, fostered, fosters )
1.ADJFosterparents are people who officially take a child into their family for a period of time, without becoming the child's legal parents. The child is referred to as theirfosterchild. 收养的[ADJ n]
例：Little Jack was placed with foster parents.
小杰克被安置在养父母家。
2.V-TIf youfostera child, you take it into your family for a period of time, without becoming its legal parent. 收养
例：She has since gone on to find happiness by fostering more than 100 children.
她此后又通过收养一百多个孩子找到了快乐。
3.V-TTofostersomething such as an activity or idea means to help it to develop. 促进
例：He said that developed countries had a responsibility to foster global economic growth to help new democracies.
他说发达国家有一种促进全球经济增长以帮助新兴民主国家的责任。
46.deter/dɪˈtɜː/CET6+ TEM4( deterring, deterred, deters )
1.V-TTodetersomeonefromdoing something means to make them not want to do it or continue doing it. 阻止
例：Supporters of the death penalty argue that it would deter criminals from carrying guns.
死刑的支持者辩称，死刑可以阻止罪犯携带枪支。
47.penetration穿透
48.portfolio/pɔːtˈfəʊlɪəʊ/CET6 TEM8( portfolios )
1.N-COUNTAportfoliois a set of pictures by someone, photographs of their work, or examples of their writing, which they use when entering competitions or applying for work. (用于参赛或求职的) 作品选辑
例：After dinner that evening, Edith showed them a portfolio of her own political cartoons.
那天晚饭后，伊迪丝给他们看了她自己的政治漫画选辑。
2.N-COUNTIn finance, aportfoliois the combination of investments that a particular person or company owns. 投资组合[商业]
例：...Roger Early, a portfolio manager at Federated Investors Corp.
…罗杰·厄尔利，联合投资者公司的投资组合经理。
3.N-COUNTIn politics, aportfoliois a high-ranking official's responsibility for a particular area of a government's activities. (高官的) 职责
例：He has held the defence portfolio since the first free elections in 1990.
自从1990年的首次自由选举以来他一直担任国防部长一职。
4.N-COUNTA company'sportfolioof products or designs is their range of products or designs. (产品或设计的) 系列[商业]
例：The company has continued to invest heavily in a strong portfolio of products.
该公司继续大力投资一个强大的产品系列。
49.mandate/ˈmændeɪt/CET6+ TEM8( mandating, mandated, mandates )
1.N-COUNTIf a government or other elected body has amandateto carry out a particular policy or task, they have the authority to carry it out as a result of winning an election or vote. (政府或机构经选举而获得的) 授权
例：The president and his supporters are almost certain to read this vote as a mandate for continued economic reform.
总统和他的支持者们几乎肯定地认为这次投票是对继续进行经济改革的授权。
2.N-COUNTIf someone is given amandateto carry out a particular policy or task, they are given the official authority to do it. (个人所获得的) 授权
例：How much longer does the independent prosecutor have a mandate to pursue this investigation?
这名独立检察官获得授权去调查这件事情的权限还有多长？
3.N-COUNTYou can refer to the fixed length of time that a country's leader or government remains in office as theirmandate. 任期[正式]
例：...his intention to leave politics once his mandate ends.
…他任期一结束就将离开政界的打算。
4.V-TWhen someoneis mandatedtocarry out a particular policy or task, they are given the official authority to do it. 授权[正式][usu passive]
例：He'd been mandated by the West African Economic Community to go in and to enforce a ceasefire.
他受西非经济共同体授权去介入并执行停火协定。
5.V-TTomandatesomething means to make it mandatory. 强制执行[美国英语]
例：The proposed initiative would mandate a reduction of carbon dioxide of 40%.
这个倡议将把二氧化碳排放量强制降低40%。
例：Sixteen years ago, Quebec mandated that all immigrants send their children to French schools.
16年前，魁北克省规定所有移民都要送孩子上法语学校。
50.incentive/ɪnˈsɛntɪv/CET6 TEM4( incentives )
1.N-VARIf something is anincentivetodo something, it encourages you to do it. 鼓励
例：There is little or no incentive to adopt such measures.
几乎或根本没有鼓励来采取这样的措施。
51.cannibalize/ˈkænɪbəˌlaɪz/( cannibalizing, cannibalized, cannibalizes )
vt. 拆用…的配件；调拨…的人员
vi. 调拨人员；拆用配件；同类相食
[ 过去式 cannibalized 过去分词 cannibalized 现在分词 cannibalizing ]
BRIT alsocannibalise
1.V-TIf youcannibalizesomething, you take it to pieces and use it to make something else. 拆用配件
例：They cannibalized damaged planes for the parts.
他们拆卸已损坏的飞机以使用其零部件。
2.V-TIf one of a company's productscannibalizesthe company's sales, people buy it instead of any of the company's other products. 冲击(公司其它产品销量)[商业]
例：A website need not cannibalize existing sales.
网站不一定会冲击现有的销售。
52.tread on one's own tail
na.踩自己尾巴；〔比喻〕想打人反而打伤自己
网络踩着自己的尾巴；自己伤害自己
网络释义1.踩着自己的尾巴
tail的用法 ...tread on one's own tail踩着自己的尾巴；自己伤害自己 tuck one's tail 夹起尾巴；感到羞愧；感到慌乱 ...
2.自己伤害自己 tail的用法 ...tread on one's own tail踩着自己的尾巴；自己伤害自己tuck one's tail 夹起尾巴；感到羞愧；感到慌乱 ...
53.it is a fair bet that
IT IS a fair bet that one of Barack Obama’s new-year’s resolutions was to rattle Wall Street.
奥巴马新年改革之一很有可能会惹恼华尔街。
It is a fair bet that much of the Obama team started learning how the economy works through Mr.Samuelson’s eyes.
我敢打赌奥巴马团队中的许多人都是从萨缪尔森这本书开始学习经济是如何运转。
54.peg /pɛɡ/ CET6 TEM4 ( pegging, pegged, pegs )
1. N-COUNT A peg is a small piece of wood or metal that is used for fastening something to something else. 销钉
例：He builds furniture using wooden pegs instead of nails.
他用木钉而不是铁钉制作家具。
2. N-COUNT A peg is a small hook or knob that is attached to a wall or door and is used for hanging things on. 挂钩; 挂环
例：His work jacket hung on the peg in the kitchen.
他的工作服挂在厨房里的挂钩上。
3. N-COUNT A peg is a small device that you use to fasten clothes to a clothes line. 衣夹 [英国英语]
4. V-T If you peg something somewhere or peg it down, you fix it there with pegs. 用衣夹夹住; 用销钉固定
例：Peg down netting over the top to keep out leaves.
把网子用销钉固定在顶部以防止树叶掉入。
例...a tent pegged to the ground nearby for the kids.
…用销钉固定在附近的地上给孩子们用的一个帐篷。
5. V-T If a price or amount of something is pegged at a particular level, it is fixed at that level. 固定 (价格、数量等)
例：Its currency is pegged to the dollar.
其货币与美元的汇率固定了。
例：The Bank wants to peg rates at 9%.
该银行想要把利率固定在9%。
55.shy away from( shying, shied, shyer, shies, shyest )
1.PHRASAL VERBIf youshy away fromdoing something, you avoid doing it, often because you are afraid or not confident enough. (因害怕或信心不足而) 避免
例：We frequently shy away from making decisions.
我们常常因为害怕而避免做决定。
56.buckbuck/bʌk/CET6 TEM4( bucking, bucked, bucks )
1.N-COUNTAbuckis a U.S. or Australian dollar. 美元; 澳元[非正式]
例：That would probably cost you about fifty bucks.
那可能会花费你大约五十美元。
例：Why can't you spend a few bucks on a coat?
为什么你不能花几美元买件外套呢？
2.N-COUNTAbuckis the male of various animals, including the deer, antelope, rabbit, and kangaroo. (雄鹿、公羊、雄兔、雄袋鼠等) 雄性动物
3.Na young man 年轻男人[美国英语][非正式]
4.Na type of vaulting horse 鞍马[gymnastics]
5.Na marker in the jackpot to remind the winner of some obligation when his turn comes to deal (提醒赢家履行义务的)标识[poker]
6.ADJIf someone hasbuckteeth, their upper front teeth stick forward out of their mouth. 外龅的[ADJ n]
7.V-IIf a horsebucks, it kicks both of its back legs wildly into the air, or jumps into the air wildly with all four feet
off the ground. (马) 狂蹬后腿跃起; 四蹄离地狂跳
例：The stallion bucked as he fought against the reins holding him tightly in.
那匹种马四蹄离地狂跳，试图挣脱紧紧拴住它的缰绳。
8.V-TIf youbuckthe trend, you obtain different results from others in the same area. If youbuckthe system, you get what you want by breaking or ignoring the rules. 违逆 (潮流); 抗拒 (体制)
例：While other newspapers are losing circulation, we are bucking the trend.
其他报纸发行量在下降，而我们却逆势而进。
例：He wants to be the tough rebel who bucks the system.
他想成为抗拒体制的强硬叛逆者。
9.Vto cut (a felled or fallen tree) into lengths 把(伐倒的树木)截成段[美国英语]
10.PHRASEIf youpass the buck, you refuse to accept responsibility for something, and say that someone else is responsible. 推诿责任[非正式]
例：David says the responsibility is Mr. Smith's and it's no good trying to pass the buck.
大卫说责任应该由史密斯先生承担，试图推诿责任毫无益处。
buck up使振作；打起精神；[俚]加快 buck the trend反潮流 fast buckn. 轻易得来的钱；投机赚钱 bang for the buck划算；合算；货真价实
57.go some way to (doing) sth
一定程度上,
58.dry up( drying, dried, dryer, dries, driest )
1.PHRASAL VERBIf somethingdries upor if somethingdriesitup, it loses all its moisture and becomes completely dry and shrivelled or hard. 使…干枯; 干枯
例：As the day goes on, the pollen dries up and becomes hard.
随着日子一天天过去，花粉变得又干又硬。
2.PHRASAL VERBIf a river, lake, or welldries up, it becomes empty of water, usually because of hot weather and a lack of rain. 干涸
例：Reservoirs are drying up and farmers have begun to leave their land in search of water.
水库正在干涸，农民开始离开田地去寻找水源。
3.PHRASAL VERBIf a supply of somethingdries up, it stops. (供应) 停止
例：The main source of income, tourism, is expected to dry up completely this summer.
作为主要收入来源的旅游业预计将在今年夏天彻底枯竭。
4.PHRASAL VERBIf youdry upwhen you are speaking, you stop in the middle of what you were saying, because you cannot think what to say next. (讲话时) 语塞
例：When he turned around and saw her, his conversation dried up.
他转过身来看见她时，他的谈话就出不来词儿了。
59.eat into demand削弱需求
Dealers reacted to growing concern that higher raw materials costs would begin to eat intodemand and affect the pace of economic recovery.
人们日益担心，原材料价格上涨可能开始削弱需求，并影响经济复苏步伐，交易商们对这种焦虑心理作出了反应。
60.not least相当重要地【相当地】 ... 相当详细地 in some detail相当重要地not least相当程度地 considerably ...尤其 部分地 不在少数
短语 not the least不仅仅是 ; 没有最不 not the least bit一点也不 not at least至少不
61.triple/ˈtrɪpəl/CET6 TEM4( tripling, tripled, triples )
1.ADJTriplemeans consisting of three things or parts. 三个的; 三部分的[ADJ n]
例：...a triple somersault.
…连续三个筋斗。
2.V-T/V-IIf somethingtriplesor if youtripleit, it becomes three times as large in size or number. 使成为三倍; 变成三倍
例：I got a fantastic new job and my salary tripled.
我得到了一份极好的新工作，我的薪水是原来的三倍。
例：The exhibition has tripled in size from last year.
这个展览会面积是去年的三倍。
3.PREDETIf something istriple theamount or size of another thing, it is three times as large. 3倍的[PREDET 'the' n]
62.moderateCET4 TEM4( moderating, moderated, moderates )
形容词和名词读作ˈmɒdərɪt。动词读作ˈmɒdəˌreɪt。
1.ADJModeratepolitical opinions or policies are not extreme. (政见或政策) 温和的
例：He was an easygoing man of very moderate views.
他是一个有着温和观点性情随和的人。
2.ADJYou usemoderateto describe people or groups who have moderate political opinions or policies. (人或团体) 温和的
例：...a moderate Democrat.
…温和的民主党人。
3.N-COUNTAmoderateis someone with moderate political opinions. 温和派
例：If he presents himself as a radical he risks scaring off the moderates whose votes he so desperately needs.
如果他表现出自己是个激进分子的话，他就有可能吓跑那些温和派，而他急需那些人的选票。
4.ADJYou usemoderateto describe something that is neither large nor small in amount or degree. (数量或程度) 适中的
例：While a moderate amount of stress can be beneficial, too much stress can exhaust you.
适当的压力可能有益，而压力过大会让你筋疲力尽。
5.moderatelyADV适中地
例：Both are moderately large insects, with a wingspan of around four centimetres.
这两只都是中等大小的昆虫，翼幅大约为四厘米。
6.ADJAmoderatechange in something is a change that is not great. (变化) 不大的
例：Most drugs offer either no real improvement or, at best, only moderate improvements.
大多数药或者没有真正疗效，或者最多也就是稍有疗效。
7.moderatelyADV不大地[ADV after v]
例：Share prices on the Tokyo Exchange declined moderately.
东京股票交易所的股票价格稍有下降。
8.V-T/V-IIf youmoderatesomething or if itmoderates, it becomes less extreme or violent and easier to deal with or accept. 使缓和; 变得缓和
例：They are hoping that once in office he can be persuaded to moderate his views.
他们希望他一上台后就能他说服，使他的观点变得温和些。
9.moderationN-UNCOUNT缓和
例：A moderation in food prices helped to offset the first increase in energy prices.
食品价格的降低有助于抵消能源价格的第一次上涨。
词组短语同近义词同根词词语辨析 moderate price公平价格；公道价格 moderate temperature中等温度
moderate intensity中等强度 moderate climate温和气候 moderate size不大不小
63.economic fluctuation经济波动 price fluctuation[经]价格起伏，物价波动
voltage fluctuation电压波动；电压升降 temperature fluctuation温度波动；温度涨落 market fluctuation市场波动；市价涨落
64.incipient/ɪnˈsɪpɪənt/TEM8
1.ADJAnincipientsituation or quality is one that is starting to happen or develop. 开始发生的; 正在发展的[正式][ADJ n]
例：...an incipient economic recovery.
...一种初期的经济复苏。
词组短语同近义词同根词 incipient fault潜在故障，隐患；雏断层
65.icon/ˈaɪkɒn/(also ikon)CET6 TEM8( icons )
1.N-COUNTIf you describe something or someone as anicon, you mean that they are important as a symbol of a particular thing. 象征物; 偶像
例：...only Marilyn has proved as enduring a fashion icon.
…只有玛丽莲被证明是经久不衰的时尚偶像。
2.N-COUNTAniconis a picture of Christ, his mother, or a saint painted on a wooden panel. (耶稣基督、圣母玛利亚等圣人的) 木制圣像
例：...a painter of religious icons.
…一位宗教圣像画家。
3.N-COUNTAniconis a picture on a computer screen representing a particular computer function. If you want to use it, you move the cursor onto the icon using a mouse. (电脑屏幕上可用鼠标点击的) 图标[计算机]
例：Kate clicked on the mail icon on her computer screen.
凯特点击了她电脑屏幕上的邮件图标。
词组短语同近义词同根词 cultural icon文化偶像 application iconn. 应用程序图标
66.grumble/ˈɡrʌmbəl/CET6+ TEM4( grumbling, grumbled, grumbles ) ~about/at 抱怨
1.V-T/V-IIf someonegrumbles, they complain about something in a bad-tempered way. 抱怨
例：They grumble about how hard they have to work.
他们抱怨自己工作得很辛苦。
例：Taft grumbled that the law so favoured the criminal that trials seemed like a game of chance.
塔夫脱抱怨法律如此有利于罪犯，使得审判看来像是一场运气的游戏。
2.N-COUNTGrumbleis also a noun. 抱怨
例：My only grumble is that there isn't a non-smoking section.
我惟一的抱怨是这儿没有无烟区。
3.V-IIf somethinggrumbles, it makes a low continuous sound. 隆隆作响[文学性]
例：It was quiet now, the thunder had grumbled away to the west.
现在安静了，雷声已经隆隆作响地传到西边了。
4.N-SINGGrumbleis also a noun. 隆隆响声[usu N 'of' n]
例：One could often hear, far to the east, the grumble of guns.
人们经常可以听到在远远的东边有隆隆的枪炮声。
67.precipitously adv.precipitous的变形
precipitous[pri'sipitəs ] adj. 悬崖峭壁般的；陡峭的；险峻 急转直下的；突然落下的=precipitate
近义词:steep
68.obscure / əb'skjuə; ɔb- /
adj.1.(意思)不清楚的，不分明的
2.(语言、文体等)含糊的，晦涩的，不清晰的
3.不显著的，不引人注目的
vt.1.掩盖，遮盖，隐藏：
The moon was obscured by clouds.
月亮被云朵遮掩了。
the aims obscured by means
被手段所掩盖的目的
2.使含混，使转弯抹角，使难理解：
The item he intentionally obscured would make several interpretations possible.
他故意搞得含混不清的条款，可能会做出好几种解释。
3.使黑暗；使失色，使不显著：
His fame was obscured by that of his wife .
他妻子的名声使他的名声相形见绌。
vi.
1.变得不清楚，变得模糊
69.fitful / 'fitful /
adj.1.occurring in spells and often abruptly
fitful bursts of energy
同义词： spasmodic
2.intermittently stopping and starting
fitful (or interrupted) sleep
同义词： interrupted / off-and-on(a)
70.stall1 / stɔ:l /
n.1.厩，畜栏
2.马厩；牛棚
3.商品陈列台，售货摊，柜台
vt.
1.把(牲畜)关进畜舍；把(汽车)停放在停车位：
He stalled his car near the exit.
他把他的车停放在靠近出口处的车位上。
2.把(牛等)关在棚内养肥
3.使熄火，使(汽车等)抛锚：
His car was stalled because of overloading.
他的车因超载而抛锚了。
vi.
1.(发动机)熄火；(汽车)抛锚；(飞机等)失速(有时与 out 连用)：
What? ——My car stalled. I can't start it.
什么?——我的车抛锚了，我发动不起来了。
2.停顿，停止：
The enemy's resistance has stalled by force.
敌方的抵抗被迫放弃了。
3.被陷入泥沼(或雪)中；[美国英语]被雪困住：
We stalled in a mountain village by the storm.
我们被大风雪困在了一个小山村里。
stall 2 / stɔ:l /
vi.1.拖延；支吾：
He stalled for time to wait for his friends coming.
他拖延时间等着他的朋友的到来。
She stalled and evaded the question.
她支吾着避而不答这个问题。
2.做小偷的助手
3.[主美国英语](在体育比赛中)故意拖延时间：
The goalkeeper stalled as starting the goal kick,being given a yellow card.
门将在开球门球时，因故意拖延时间而被出示了一张黄牌。
vt.1.拖延；推迟(通常与 off 连用)：
He stalled the police for ten minutes so his accomplice could get away.
他在警察面前拖延了十分钟，使他的同谋得以逃走。
2.把…敷衍过去，把…搪塞开(off)：
He managed to stall off his creditor.
他设法把债主搪塞过去了。
n.1.口实，托词，借口；拖延的方法
2.欺骗手段，诡计
3.小偷的同伙
71.unabated /ˌʌnəˈbeɪtɪd/ TEM8
1.ADJ If something continues unabated, it continues without any reduction in intensity or amount. (程度，数量)不减的
The fighting has continued unabated for over 24 hours.
战斗在持续了超过24小时后激烈程度仍然没有减弱。
72.crowdsoucing
众包 - 引用次数：6
Based on the theory of insourcing,outsourcing and crowdsourcing,it explores different ways of new product development in different context according to its spiral development trend.
在对新产品开发模式(内包式、外包式、众包式)进行理论回顾的基础上,针对当前新产品开发呈现出的螺旋式发展态势,研究了不同情境下新产品开发方式的特性。
