Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS+Nginx+Php+MariaDB+Redis部署

LNMP+Redis工作机制：当用户通过浏览器访问网站时，并使用账号密码进行登陆时，此时会向Redis发出查询请求，若Redis缓存中没有相关信息，则php会查询mysql数据库中的相关信息，然后将相关信息缓存在redis中；在下次此用户访问时，php无需再从mysql数据库中读取数据，直接从redis中读取缓存并将数据返回，这样就可以减少数据库的读取压力。

查看系统版本内核等信息：

wangqd@wangqd:~$ lsb_release -a

No LSB modules are available.

Distributor ID: Ubuntu

Description: Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS

Release: 18.04

Codename: bionic

LSB是Linux Standard Base的缩写， lsb_release命令用来显示LSB和特定版本的相关信息。如果使用该命令时不带参数，则默认加上-v参数。

-v 显示版本信息。
-i 显示发行版的id。
-d 显示该发行版的描述信息。
-r 显示当前系统是发行版的具体版本号。
-c 发行版代号。
-a 显示上面的所有信息。
-h 显示帮助信息。

安装nginx：

sudo apt-get install nginx

查看nginx版本号：

$ nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.14.0 (Ubuntu)

安装php7.2：

sudo apt-get install php7.2

查看版本：

$ php7.2 -v
PHP 7.2.24-0ubuntu0.18.04.4 (cli) (built: Apr  8 2020 15:45:57) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v7.2.24-0ubuntu0.18.04.4, Copyright (c) 1999-2018, by Zend Technologies

安装mariadb：

sudo apt-get install mariadb.server

查看mariadb版本号：

mariadb -V
mariadb  Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.1.44-MariaDB, for debian-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.2

安装php相关模块：

sudo apt-get install php7.2-fpm php7.2-mysql php7.2-gd php7.2-xml 
 php7.2-curl php7.2-zip

PHP（超文本预处理器）的解释器是php-cgi。php-cgi只是个CGI程序，他自己本身只能解析请求，返回结果，不对进程进行管理,所以就出现了一些能够调度php-cgi进程的程序，比如说由lighthttpd分离出来的spawn-fcgi。PHP-FPM也是这么个东西，在长时间的发展后，逐渐得到了大家的认可，现在也越来越流行。
PHP-FPM(FastCGI Process Manager：FastCGI进程管理器)是一个PHPFastCGI管理器，对于PHP 5.3.3之前的php来说，是一个补丁包 ,旨在将FastCGI进程管理整合进PHP包中。如果你使用的是PHP5.3.3之前的PHP的话，就必须将它patch到你的PHP源代码中，在编译安装PHP后才可以使用。

启动：

sudo systemctl restart nginx
sudo systemctl restart mariadb
sudo systemctl restart php7.2-fpm

查看php-fpm进程：

wangqd@wangqd:~$ ps uax | grep php
root      16687  0.0  0.9 353284 19708 ?        Ss   03:59   0:00 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php/7.2/fpm/php-fpm.conf)
www-data  16704  0.0  0.4 355584  9912 ?        S    03:59   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
www-data  16705  0.0  0.4 355584  9912 ?        S    03:59   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
wangqd    16907  0.0  0.0  13136  1048 pts/0    S+   04:03   0:00 grep --color=auto php

配置Nginx：
php启动成功后下面配置Nginx，让Nginx接收到的php请求转交给php服务器进行解析
nginx配置文件：

cd /etc/nginx/
sudo cp sites-available/default sites-available/default.bak
sudo vim sites-enabled/default

server {
        listen 80 default_server;
        listen [::]:80 default_server;
        root /var/www/html;
        index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;
        server_name _;
        location / {
                include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;#取消该行注释
                fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock;#取消该行注释
        }
}

有些博主的教程中关于上面配置文件的修改内容可能与笔者的不同，主要是fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;和fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock;该取消哪一行的注释，关于这个下面会解释。
不知道取消哪一行注释的请看
/etc/php/7.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf

两种情况，取消与之对应的注释即可
# listen = /run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock
# listen = 127.0.0.1:9000

重启nginx：

sudo systemctl restart nginx

测试：

sudo vim /home/web1.0/info.php
<?php
        phpinfo();
?>

修改nginx前端文件地址：

sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
#       root /var/www/html;
        root /home/web1.0;

访问地址：

http://192.168.234.128/info.php

截图.png

配置MariaDB：

wangqd@wangqd:/etc/nginx/conf.d$ systemctl restart mariadb
==== AUTHENTICATING FOR org.freedesktop.systemd1.manage-units ===
Authentication is required to restart 'mariadb.service'.
Authenticating as: wangqd
Password: 
==== AUTHENTICATION COMPLETE ===

查看服务器：

wangqd@wangqd:/etc/nginx/conf.d$ ss -tenlp
State     Recv-Q     Send-Q           Local Address:Port           Peer Address:Port                                      
LISTEN    0          80                   127.0.0.1:3306                0.0.0.0:*         uid:111 ino:71776 sk:9 <->      
LISTEN    0          128                    0.0.0.0:80                  0.0.0.0:*         ino:70299 sk:a <->              
LISTEN    0          128              127.0.0.53%lo:53                  0.0.0.0:*         uid:101 ino:24310 sk:3 <->      
LISTEN    0          128                    0.0.0.0:22                  0.0.0.0:*         ino:43557 sk:7 <->              
LISTEN    0          128                       [::]:80                     [::]:*         ino:70300 sk:b v6only:1 <->     
LISTEN    0          128                       [::]:22                     [::]:*         ino:43568 sk:8 v6only:1 <->

初始化数据库：

wangqd@wangqd:/etc/nginx/conf.d$ sudo mysql_secure_installation 
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password: 
Re-enter new password: 
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n
 ... skipping.
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!

登录MariaDB：

wangqd@wangqd:/etc/nginx/conf.d$ sudo mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 42
Server version: 10.1.44-MariaDB-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 Ubuntu 18.04
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]>

配置php.ini使php通过php7.2-mysql中间件连接MairaDB数据库:
将配置文件中extension=mysqli这一行取消注释就可以了，然后重新启动php-fpm

wangqd@wangqd:~$ sudo vim /etc/php/7.2/fpm/php.ini
 870 ;
 871    extension=mysqli
 872 ;

重启php7.2-fpm：

sudo systemctl restart php7.2-fpm

测试php是否可使用数据库:

wangqd@wangqd:~$ sudo vim /home/web1.0/info.php
<?php
        $host = "localhost";
        $user = "root";
                $passwd = "redhat";
                $conn = new mysqli($host,$user,$passwd);
                        if (!$conn){
                                            die("连接数据库失败");
                                                    }
                        echo "连接数据库成功";
?>

image.png

安装并启动Redis Redis端口：6379：

wangqd@wangqd:~$ sudo apt-get install redis -y
wangqd@wangqd:~$ sudo systemctl start redis
wangqd@wangqd:~$ ss -tenlp
State    Recv-Q    Send-Q         Local Address:Port         Peer Address:Port                                            
LISTEN   0         80                 127.0.0.1:3306              0.0.0.0:*        uid:111 ino:71776 sk:9 <->             
LISTEN   0         128                127.0.0.1:6379              0.0.0.0:*        uid:112 ino:76211 sk:c <->             
LISTEN   0         128                  0.0.0.0:80                0.0.0.0:*        ino:70299 sk:a <->                     
LISTEN   0         128            127.0.0.53%lo:53                0.0.0.0:*        uid:101 ino:24310 sk:3 <->             
LISTEN   0         128                  0.0.0.0:22                0.0.0.0:*        ino:43557 sk:7 <->                     
LISTEN   0         128                    [::1]:6379                 [::]:*        uid:112 ino:76212 sk:d v6only:1 <->    
LISTEN   0         128                     [::]:80                   [::]:*        ino:70300 sk:b v6only:1 <->            
LISTEN   0         128                     [::]:22                   [::]:*        ino:43568 sk:8 v6only:1 <->            
wangqd@wangqd:~$ ps -ef|grep redis
redis      5604      1  0 07:23 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/redis-server 127.0.0.1:6379
wangqd     5886   2970  0 07:25 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto redis

安装php连接redis中间件:php7.2-redis

wangqd@wangqd:~$ sudo apt-get install php7.2-redis -y

配置php支持redis
找到php.ini这个配置文件，添加下面配置,找到extension=mysqli下面加入这一条： extension=redis.so

 869 ; For example:
 870 ;
 871    extension=mysqli
 872    extension=redis.so
 873

重启php7.2-fpm服务：

sudo systemctrl restart php7.2-fpm

测试php是否可以使用redis：

vim /home/web1.0/info.php
<?php
   $redis = new Redis();        \\redis连接参数
   $redis->connect('127.0.0.1', 6379);      \\括号内第一项是指的redis server ip,第二项是 redis port
     echo "Connection to server successfully </br>";
     echo "Server is running: " . $redis->ping();
?>
输出：
Connection to server successfully 
Server is running: +PONG

或者：

<?php
  $redis = new Redis();
  $redis->connect('127.0.0.1',6379);
  $redis->set('test','hello world!');
    echo $redis->get('test');
?>
输出：hello world！

远程异地服务器：
redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379

输出和上面一样则表示连接成功