iOS中的线程同步方案
- OSSpinLock
- os_unfair_lock
- pthread_mutex
- dispatch_semaphore
- dispatch_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL)
- NSLock
- NSRecursiveLock
- NSCondition
- NSConditionLock
- @synchronized
自旋锁 OSSpinLock
OSSpinLock叫做”自旋锁”,等待锁的线程会处于忙等(busy-wait)状态,一直占用着CPU资源
- 目前已经不再安全,可能会出现优先级反转问题
- 如果等待锁的线程优先级较高,它会
一直占用着CPU资源
,优先级低的线程
就无法释放锁
需要导入头文件#import <libkern/OSAtomic.h>
自旋锁 os_unfair_lock 安全的
os_unfair_lock用于取代不安全的OSSpinLock ,从iOS10开始才支持
从底层调用看,等待os_unfair_lock锁的线程会处于休眠状态,并非忙等
需要导入头文件#import <os/lock.h>
#import "OSUnfairLockDemo.h"
#import <os/lock.h>
@interface OSUnfairLockDemo()
// Low-level lock
// ll lock
// lll
// Low-level lock的特点等不到锁就休眠
@property (assign, nonatomic) os_unfair_lock moneyLock;
@property (assign, nonatomic) os_unfair_lock ticketLock;
@end
@implementation OSUnfairLockDemo
- (instancetype)init
{
if (self = [super init]) {
self.moneyLock = OS_UNFAIR_LOCK_INIT;
self.ticketLock = OS_UNFAIR_LOCK_INIT;
}
return self;
}
// 死锁:永远拿不到锁
- (void)__saleTicket
{
os_unfair_lock_lock(&_ticketLock);
[super __saleTicket];
os_unfair_lock_unlock(&_ticketLock);
}
- (void)__saveMoney
{
os_unfair_lock_lock(&_moneyLock);
[super __saveMoney];
os_unfair_lock_unlock(&_moneyLock);
}
- (void)__drawMoney
{
os_unfair_lock_lock(&_moneyLock);
[super __drawMoney];
os_unfair_lock_unlock(&_moneyLock);
}
@end
pthread_mutex
互斥锁
pthread_mutexattr_settype(&attr, PTHREAD_MUTEX_DEFAULT);
递归锁
pthread_mutexattr_settype(&attr, PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);
mutex叫做”互斥锁”,等待锁的线程会处于休眠状态
需要导入头文件#import <pthread.h>
互斥锁
递归锁
递归锁:允许同一个线程对一把锁进行重复加锁
#import "MutexDemo.h"
#import <pthread.h>
@interface MutexDemo()
@property (assign, nonatomic) pthread_mutex_t ticketMutex;
@property (assign, nonatomic) pthread_mutex_t moneyMutex;
@end
@implementation MutexDemo
- (void)__initMutex:(pthread_mutex_t *)mutex
{
// 静态初始化
// pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
// // 初始化属性
// pthread_mutexattr_t attr;
// pthread_mutexattr_init(&attr);
// pthread_mutexattr_settype(&attr, PTHREAD_MUTEX_DEFAULT);
// // 初始化锁
// pthread_mutex_init(mutex, &attr);
// // 销毁属性
// pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&attr);
// 初始化属性
// pthread_mutexattr_t attr;
// pthread_mutexattr_init(&attr);
// pthread_mutexattr_settype(&attr, PTHREAD_MUTEX_DEFAULT);
// 初始化锁
pthread_mutex_init(mutex, NULL);
// 销毁属性
// pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&attr);
}
- (instancetype)init
{
if (self = [super init]) {
[self __initMutex:&_ticketMutex];
[self __initMutex:&_moneyMutex];
}
return self;
}
// 死锁:永远拿不到锁
- (void)__saleTicket
{
pthread_mutex_lock(&_ticketMutex);
[super __saleTicket];
pthread_mutex_unlock(&_ticketMutex);
}
- (void)__saveMoney
{
pthread_mutex_lock(&_moneyMutex);
[super __saveMoney];
pthread_mutex_unlock(&_moneyMutex);
}
- (void)__drawMoney
{
pthread_mutex_lock(&_moneyMutex);
[super __drawMoney];
pthread_mutex_unlock(&_moneyMutex);
}
- (void)dealloc
{
pthread_mutex_destroy(&_moneyMutex);
pthread_mutex_destroy(&_ticketMutex);
}
@end
条件锁,线程依赖
@interface MutexDemo3()
@property (assign, nonatomic) pthread_mutex_t mutex;
@property (assign, nonatomic) pthread_cond_t cond;
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSMutableArray *data;
@end
@implementation MutexDemo3
- (instancetype)init
{
if (self = [super init]) {
// 初始化属性
pthread_mutexattr_t attr;
pthread_mutexattr_init(&attr);
pthread_mutexattr_settype(&attr, PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);
// 初始化锁
pthread_mutex_init(&_mutex, &attr);
// 销毁属性
pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&attr);
// 初始化条件
pthread_cond_init(&_cond, NULL);
self.data = [NSMutableArray array];
}
return self;
}
- (void)otherTest
{
[[[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(__remove) object:nil] start];
[[[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(__add) object:nil] start];
}
// 生产者-消费者模式
// 线程1
// 删除数组中的元素
- (void)__remove
{
pthread_mutex_lock(&_mutex);
NSLog(@"__remove - begin");
if (self.data.count == 0) {
// 等待
pthread_cond_wait(&_cond, &_mutex);
}
[self.data removeLastObject];
NSLog(@"删除了元素");
pthread_mutex_unlock(&_mutex);
}
// 线程2
// 往数组中添加元素
- (void)__add
{
pthread_mutex_lock(&_mutex);
sleep(1);
[self.data addObject:@"Test"];
NSLog(@"添加了元素");
// 信号
pthread_cond_signal(&_cond);
// 广播
// pthread_cond_broadcast(&_cond);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&_mutex);
}
- (void)dealloc
{
pthread_mutex_destroy(&_mutex);
pthread_cond_destroy(&_cond);
}
@end
dispatch_semaphore 信号量
信号量
控制最大并发数量
semaphore叫做”信号量”
信号量的初始值,可以用来控制线程并发访问的最大数量
信号量的初始值为1,代表同时只允许1条线程访问资源,保证线程同步
@interface SemaphoreDemo()
@property (strong, nonatomic) dispatch_semaphore_t semaphore;
@property (strong, nonatomic) dispatch_semaphore_t ticketSemaphore;
@property (strong, nonatomic) dispatch_semaphore_t moneySemaphore;
@end
@implementation SemaphoreDemo
- (instancetype)init
{
if (self = [super init]) {
self.semaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(5);
self.ticketSemaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(1);
self.moneySemaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(1);
}
return self;
}
- (void)__drawMoney
{
dispatch_semaphore_wait(self.moneySemaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
[super __drawMoney];
dispatch_semaphore_signal(self.moneySemaphore);
}
- (void)__saveMoney
{
dispatch_semaphore_wait(self.moneySemaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
[super __saveMoney];
dispatch_semaphore_signal(self.moneySemaphore);
}
- (void)__saleTicket
{
dispatch_semaphore_wait(self.ticketSemaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
[super __saleTicket];
dispatch_semaphore_signal(self.ticketSemaphore);
}
- (void)otherTest
{
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
[[[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(test) object:nil] start];
}
}
// 线程10、7、6、9、8
- (void)test
{
// 如果信号量的值 > 0,就让信号量的值减1,然后继续往下执行代码
// 如果信号量的值 <= 0,就会休眠等待,直到信号量的值变成>0,就让信号量的值减1,然后继续往下执行代码
dispatch_semaphore_wait(self.semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
sleep(2);
NSLog(@"test - %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
// 让信号量的值+1
dispatch_semaphore_signal(self.semaphore);
}
@end
dispatch_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL) 串行队列
线程同步
,让线程有顺序的执行,所以串行队列
也可以实现线程同步
@interface SerialQueueDemo()
@property (strong, nonatomic) dispatch_queue_t ticketQueue;
@property (strong, nonatomic) dispatch_queue_t moneyQueue;
@end
@implementation SerialQueueDemo
- (instancetype)init
{
if (self = [super init]) {
self.ticketQueue = dispatch_queue_create("ticketQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
self.moneyQueue = dispatch_queue_create("moneyQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
}
return self;
}
- (void)__drawMoney
{
dispatch_sync(self.moneyQueue, ^{
[super __drawMoney];
});
}
- (void)__saveMoney
{
dispatch_sync(self.moneyQueue, ^{
[super __saveMoney];
});
}
- (void)__saleTicket
{
dispatch_sync(self.ticketQueue, ^{
[super __saleTicket];
});
}
@end
NSLock
NSLock是对mutex普通锁的封装
#import "NSLockDemo.h"
@interface NSLockDemo()
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSLock *ticketLock;
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSLock *moneyLock;
@end
@implementation NSLockDemo
- (instancetype)init
{
if (self = [super init]) {
self.ticketLock = [[NSLock alloc] init];
self.moneyLock = [[NSLock alloc] init];
}
return self;
}
// 死锁:永远拿不到锁
- (void)__saleTicket
{
[self.ticketLock lock];
[super __saleTicket];
[self.ticketLock unlock];
}
- (void)__saveMoney
{
[self.moneyLock lock];
[super __saveMoney];
[self.moneyLock unlock];
}
- (void)__drawMoney
{
[self.moneyLock lock];
[super __drawMoney];
[self.moneyLock unlock];
}
@end
NSRecursiveLock 对mutex递归锁的封装
NSRecursiveLock也是对mutex递归锁的封装,API跟NSLock基本一致
NSCondition 对条件锁的封装
NSCondition是对mutex和cond的封装
#import "NSConditionDemo.h"
@interface NSConditionDemo()
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSCondition *condition;
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSMutableArray *data;
@end
@implementation NSConditionDemo
- (instancetype)init
{
if (self = [super init]) {
self.condition = [[NSCondition alloc] init];
self.data = [NSMutableArray array];
}
return self;
}
- (void)otherTest
{
[[[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(__remove) object:nil] start];
[[[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(__add) object:nil] start];
}
// 线程1
// 删除数组中的元素
- (void)__remove
{
[self.condition lock];
NSLog(@"__remove - begin");
if (self.data.count == 0) {
// 等待
[self.condition wait];
}
[self.data removeLastObject];
NSLog(@"删除了元素");
[self.condition unlock];
}
// 线程2
// 往数组中添加元素
- (void)__add
{
[self.condition lock];
sleep(1);
[self.data addObject:@"Test"];
NSLog(@"添加了元素");
// 信号
[self.condition signal];
// 广播
// [self.condition broadcast];
[self.condition unlock];
}
@end
NSConditionLock 条件锁加锁
NSConditionLock是对NSCondition的进一步封装,可以设置具体的条件值
条件锁加锁,对NSCondition的封装,可以设置线程依赖,多线程变成串行队列
#import "NSConditionLockDemo.h"
@interface NSConditionLockDemo()
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSConditionLock *conditionLock;
@end
@implementation NSConditionLockDemo
- (instancetype)init
{
if (self = [super init]) {
self.conditionLock = [[NSConditionLock alloc] initWithCondition:1];
}
return self;
}
- (void)otherTest
{
[[[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(__one) object:nil] start];
[[[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(__two) object:nil] start];
[[[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(__three) object:nil] start];
}
- (void)__one
{
[self.conditionLock lock];
NSLog(@"__one");
sleep(1);
[self.conditionLock unlockWithCondition:2];
}
- (void)__two
{
[self.conditionLock lockWhenCondition:2];
NSLog(@"__two");
sleep(1);
[self.conditionLock unlockWithCondition:3];
}
- (void)__three
{
[self.conditionLock lockWhenCondition:3];
NSLog(@"__three");
[self.conditionLock unlock];
}
@end
@synchronized 是对mutex递归锁的封装
@synchronized是对mutex递归锁的封装
源码查看:objc4中的objc-sync.mm文件
@synchronized(obj)内部会生成obj对应的递归锁,然后进行加锁、解锁操作
synchronized 底层代码
- objc_sync_enter
- objc_sync_exit
objc_sync_enter
// Begin synchronizing on 'obj'.
// Allocates recursive mutex associated with 'obj' if needed.
// Returns OBJC_SYNC_SUCCESS once lock is acquired.
int objc_sync_enter(id obj)
{
int result = OBJC_SYNC_SUCCESS;
if (obj) {
SyncData* data = id2data(obj, ACQUIRE);
assert(data);
data->mutex.lock();
} else {
// @synchronized(nil) does nothing
if (DebugNilSync) {
_objc_inform("NIL SYNC DEBUG: @synchronized(nil); set a breakpoint on objc_sync_nil to debug");
}
objc_sync_nil();
}
return result;
}
objc_sync_exit
// End synchronizing on 'obj'.
// Returns OBJC_SYNC_SUCCESS or OBJC_SYNC_NOT_OWNING_THREAD_ERROR
int objc_sync_exit(id obj)
{
int result = OBJC_SYNC_SUCCESS;
if (obj) {
SyncData* data = id2data(obj, RELEASE);
if (!data) {
result = OBJC_SYNC_NOT_OWNING_THREAD_ERROR;
} else {
bool okay = data->mutex.tryUnlock();
if (!okay) {
result = OBJC_SYNC_NOT_OWNING_THREAD_ERROR;
}
}
} else {
// @synchronized(nil) does nothing
}
return result;
}
iOS线程同步方案性能比较
性能又1->10 递减,
os_unfair_lock性能最好,@synchronized性能最差
1、os_unfair_lock
2、OSSpinLock
3、dispatch_semaphore
4、pthread_mutex
5、dispatch_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL)
6、NSLock
7、NSCondition
8、pthread_mutex(recursive)
9、NSRecursiveLock
10、NSConditionLock
11、@synchronized
```