在日常的工作开发中,有时会遇到需要在后台持续运行的需求。对于这个需求,安卓实现起来比较简单,而iOS来说就比较复杂了。前段时间我们公司就有后台持续定位,并且上传上传地理坐标的需求(可能听起来有点流氓)。趁现在有空总结下。
先小结下:
- 一般来说,没有进行过任何设置的app,默认退到后台极短的几秒后就变成挂起状态
- 当设置了UIBackgroundTaskIdentifier后台任务标记时,程序后台保活会延迟到三分钟左右
- 再设置后台持续定位,或者持续voip播放模式后,会长时间保活,这个时间从原理上可以无限(参考网易、酷狗等音乐播放器),我自己用的后台持续定位模式所持续的时间基本都在2小时以上
下面来说下主要操作和原理
这里我测试后台持续时间是用APP角标计数的,因为发现如果本地调试退到后台和拔出线正常跑的时间结果不一样,在上面的第二种情况(UIBackgroundTaskIdentifier)情况下,如果本地连线调试,也可以很久,但是拔出线设置角标也就三分钟
先起个定时器用来改变角标(显示角标需要先注册)以记录时间,并在退到后台时启动
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
//注册推送
UNUserNotificationCenter *center = [UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter];
[center requestAuthorizationWithOptions:(UNAuthorizationOptionBadge | UNAuthorizationOptionSound | UNAuthorizationOptionAlert) completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
if (!error) {
NSLog(@"request authorization succeeded!");
}
}];
return YES;
}
- (void)applicationDidEnterBackground:(UIApplication *)application {
[self stratBadgeNumberCount];
}
- (void)stratBadgeNumberCount{
[UIApplication sharedApplication].applicationIconBadgeNumber = 0;
_badgeTimer = dispatch_source_create(DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE_TIMER, 0, 0, dispatch_get_main_queue());
dispatch_source_set_timer(_badgeTimer, DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, 1 * NSEC_PER_SEC, 1 * NSEC_PER_SEC);
dispatch_source_set_event_handler(_badgeTimer, ^{
[UIApplication sharedApplication].applicationIconBadgeNumber ++;
});
dispatch_resume(_badgeTimer);
}
正常未设置情况
代码和上面一样,角标在退出后台情况下只增加了一次
设置bgtask
在进行代码实验前,先对UIBackgroundTaskIdentifier 进行了解下。
beginBackgroundTaskWithExpirationHandler这个方法是开启后台延迟挂起的操作方法,这个时间是有限的。通过UIApplication中的backgroundTimeRemaining值判断系统给你剩余的时间。
在前台运行时,backgroundTimeRemaining这个值是doule_max,就是说无限,在后台时这个值大约在180s左右,然后系统额外时间结束,开始进入挂起状态,注意这里不要在线本地调试
- (void)applicationDidEnterBackground:(UIApplication *)application {
[self stratBadgeNumberCount];
[self startBgTask];
}
- (void)startBgTask{
UIApplication *application = [UIApplication sharedApplication];
__block UIBackgroundTaskIdentifier bgTask;
bgTask = [application beginBackgroundTaskWithExpirationHandler:^{
//这里延迟的系统时间结束
NSLog(@"%f",application.backgroundTimeRemaining);
}];
}
果然值持续了180s左右重复启动Bgtask
然后在以上基础思考这个问题的时候想,能不能在刚好快结束的时候,通过dispatch_after或者在block里重新开启一次bgtask 来获取新一轮的延长时间,所以进行了如下设置
这两种姿势都还是只能撑180s,所有我在想是不是就算重新开了一个bgtask也不会增加系统剩余时间
设置系统标志的后台任务 -- voip、location
location模式
我先用的后台定位,这个需要在
- 这里勾选一下后台定位更新
- 添加定位隐私描述 Privacy - Location Always and When In Use Usage Description 我这里是11的系统,就直接用这个了
- 开启定时器调用系统定位方法进行定位,并设置后台更新模式为YES,iOS9系统才能用
-
去吃午饭,回来看依然在跑
code如下
#import "AppDelegate.h"
#import <UserNotifications/UserNotifications.h>
#import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>
@interface AppDelegate ()<CLLocationManagerDelegate>
@property (nonatomic) dispatch_source_t badgeTimer;
@end
@implementation AppDelegate{
CLLocationManager *appleLocationManager;
}
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
//注册推送
UNUserNotificationCenter *center = [UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter];
[center requestAuthorizationWithOptions:(UNAuthorizationOptionBadge | UNAuthorizationOptionSound | UNAuthorizationOptionAlert) completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
if (!error) {
NSLog(@"request authorization succeeded!");
}
}];
return YES;
}
- (void)applicationDidEnterBackground:(UIApplication *)application {
[self stratBadgeNumberCount];
[self startBgTask];
}
- (void)startBgTask{
UIApplication *application = [UIApplication sharedApplication];
__block UIBackgroundTaskIdentifier bgTask;
bgTask = [application beginBackgroundTaskWithExpirationHandler:^{
//这里延迟的系统时间结束
[application endBackgroundTask:bgTask];
NSLog(@"%f",application.backgroundTimeRemaining);
}];
}
- (void)stratBadgeNumberCount{
[UIApplication sharedApplication].applicationIconBadgeNumber = 0;
//UIApplication *application = [UIApplication sharedApplication];
_badgeTimer = dispatch_source_create(DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE_TIMER, 0, 0, dispatch_get_main_queue());
dispatch_source_set_timer(_badgeTimer, DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, 1 * NSEC_PER_SEC, 1 * NSEC_PER_SEC);
dispatch_source_set_event_handler(_badgeTimer, ^{
[UIApplication sharedApplication].applicationIconBadgeNumber++;
appleLocationManager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];
appleLocationManager.allowsBackgroundLocationUpdates = YES;
appleLocationManager.desiredAccuracy = kCLLocationAccuracyBest;
appleLocationManager.delegate = self;
[appleLocationManager requestAlwaysAuthorization];
[appleLocationManager startUpdatingLocation];
});
dispatch_resume(_badgeTimer);
}
/** 苹果_用户位置更新后,会调用此函数 */
- (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didUpdateLocations:(NSArray<CLLocation *> *)locations{
[appleLocationManager stopUpdatingLocation];
appleLocationManager.delegate = nil;
NSLog(@"success");
}
/** 苹果_定位失败后,会调用此函数 */
- (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didFailWithError:(NSError *)error{
[appleLocationManager stopUpdatingLocation];
appleLocationManager.delegate = nil;
NSLog(@"error");
}
@end
到这里功能就基本实现了,下面看使用voip进行调用的实现
后台播放静默语音模式
- 和定位一样,勾选后台声音选项
- 播放静默声音,无限循环
代码如下
#import "AppDelegate.h"
#import <UserNotifications/UserNotifications.h>
#import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>
#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>
//#import "TestUserVoice.h"
@interface AppDelegate ()<CLLocationManagerDelegate>
@property (nonatomic) dispatch_source_t badgeTimer;
@property (nonatomic, strong) AVAudioPlayer *player;
@end
@implementation AppDelegate{
CLLocationManager *appleLocationManager;
}
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
//注册推送
UNUserNotificationCenter *center = [UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter];
[center requestAuthorizationWithOptions:(UNAuthorizationOptionBadge | UNAuthorizationOptionSound | UNAuthorizationOptionAlert) completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
if (!error) {
NSLog(@"request authorization succeeded!");
}
}];
[self player];
return YES;
}
- (void)applicationDidEnterBackground:(UIApplication *)application {
[self stratBadgeNumberCount];
[self startBgTask];
/** 播放声音 */
[self.player play];
}
- (AVAudioPlayer *)player{
if (!_player){
NSURL *url=[[NSBundle mainBundle]URLForResource:@"work5.mp3" withExtension:nil];
_player = [[AVAudioPlayer alloc]initWithContentsOfURL:url error:nil];
[_player prepareToPlay];
//一直循环播放
_player.numberOfLoops = -1;
AVAudioSession *session = [AVAudioSession sharedInstance];
[session setCategory:AVAudioSessionCategoryPlayback error:nil];
[session setActive:YES error:nil];
}
return _player;
}
- (void)startBgTask{
UIApplication *application = [UIApplication sharedApplication];
__block UIBackgroundTaskIdentifier bgTask;
bgTask = [application beginBackgroundTaskWithExpirationHandler:^{
//这里延迟的系统时间结束
[application endBackgroundTask:bgTask];
NSLog(@"%f",application.backgroundTimeRemaining);
}];
}
- (void)stratBadgeNumberCount{
[UIApplication sharedApplication].applicationIconBadgeNumber = 0;
_badgeTimer = dispatch_source_create(DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE_TIMER, 0, 0, dispatch_get_main_queue());
dispatch_source_set_timer(_badgeTimer, DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, 1 * NSEC_PER_SEC, 1 * NSEC_PER_SEC);
dispatch_source_set_event_handler(_badgeTimer, ^{
[UIApplication sharedApplication].applicationIconBadgeNumber++;
// appleLocationManager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];
// appleLocationManager.allowsBackgroundLocationUpdates = YES;
// appleLocationManager.desiredAccuracy = kCLLocationAccuracyBest;
// appleLocationManager.delegate = self;
// [appleLocationManager requestAlwaysAuthorization];
// [appleLocationManager startUpdatingLocation];
});
dispatch_resume(_badgeTimer);
}
@end
以上两种后台模式都可以支持无限运行,但是都有两个很尴尬的问题
- 比较费电
- 审核人员会问你你想干啥
第一种后台定位的情况我们是打电话进行交流,说明了我们软件需要采集用户信息展示出来(和滴滴展示轨迹一样),后台语音那个,我们是录取一个视频给审核人员看的,虽然我觉得这个功能可能还是被拒,但是审核人员对这个好像不太严格,看了一下视频就过了
总结
以上就是对后台持续运行的探讨,个人意见是,如果不需要后台持续做一些操作的话,不需要开启capabilities的后天模式,三分钟已经足够做很多事了。
但是如果有需求的话,就需要设置后台模式,并且应对苹果的审核人员